Shifting tree species composition of upland oak forests alters leaf litter structure, moisture, and flammability

•We compared oak and non-oak leaf litter traits, fuel moisture, and flammability.•Non-oak litter was thinner and smaller than upland oak litter.•Flammability decreased and fuel moisture increased as non-oak litter increased.•Increases in non-oaks may challenge reintroduction of fire to upland oak fo...

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