A Retrospective Cohort Study of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in the Acute Phase of Kawasaki Disease: The Earlier, the Better?
Background. Although intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is expected to prevent coronary artery abnormalities of Kawasaki disease (KD) in the acute phase, the timing and effectiveness of IVIG remain to be determined. The association of timing of IVIG administration in KD patients with coronary artery...
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| creator | Li, Wei He, Xiufang Zhang, Li Wang, Zhouping Wang, Yanfei Lin, Huimei Yuan, Jia Xie, Xiaofei Qin, Youzhen Huang, Ping |
| description | Background. Although intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is expected to prevent coronary artery abnormalities of Kawasaki disease (KD) in the acute phase, the timing and effectiveness of IVIG remain to be determined. The association of timing of IVIG administration in KD patients with coronary artery abnormalities is evaluated in this cohort study. Methods. We systematically studied KD patients from two participating institutions between 2015 and 2017. To reveal the effectiveness of IVIG treatment, these patients were classified into four groups regarding the time of IVIG treatment. Primary outcome was coronary artery abnormalities by echo at diagnosis and 12 months follow-up; secondary outcomes included inflammatory markers. Results. A total of 1281 patients were included in this study. The best time of IVIG treatment cut-off values in 12 months follow-up for predicting coronary artery abnormalities was days 7.5 of illness onset. According to the best time of IVIG treatment cut-off values, all patients were classified into 4 groups. Group 1 was defined as earlier IVIG treatment administration on days ≤4 of the illness (n=77). Group 2 was defined with days 5-7 (n=817), group 3 with days 8-10 (n=249), group 4 with days >10 (n=138). A greater proportion of IVIG-resistant KD patients were group 4 than the other three groups, and there were significant differences (p |
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Although intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is expected to prevent coronary artery abnormalities of Kawasaki disease (KD) in the acute phase, the timing and effectiveness of IVIG remain to be determined. The association of timing of IVIG administration in KD patients with coronary artery abnormalities is evaluated in this cohort study. Methods. We systematically studied KD patients from two participating institutions between 2015 and 2017. To reveal the effectiveness of IVIG treatment, these patients were classified into four groups regarding the time of IVIG treatment. Primary outcome was coronary artery abnormalities by echo at diagnosis and 12 months follow-up; secondary outcomes included inflammatory markers. Results. A total of 1281 patients were included in this study. The best time of IVIG treatment cut-off values in 12 months follow-up for predicting coronary artery abnormalities was days 7.5 of illness onset. According to the best time of IVIG treatment cut-off values, all patients were classified into 4 groups. Group 1 was defined as earlier IVIG treatment administration on days ≤4 of the illness (n=77). Group 2 was defined with days 5-7 (n=817), group 3 with days 8-10 (n=249), group 4 with days >10 (n=138). A greater proportion of IVIG-resistant KD patients were group 4 than the other three groups, and there were significant differences (p<0.05). The incidence of coronary artery lesions (CALs) and coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) in group 3 and group 4 was higher than that in group 1 (p<0.05) and group 2 (p<0.05) during a 12-month follow-up. Additionally, the incidence of CALs in group 1 was higher than that in group 2 but without statistical significance (p>0.05). The OR was significantly higher for those who started IVIG administration more than 7 days from the onset was positively associated with the occurrence of CALs (OR, 5.3; 95% CI, 2.0-13.9) and CAAs (OR, 13.5; 95% CI, 2.9-14.1) 12 months after initial onset. Multivariate regression revealed that the timing of IVIG treatment and IVIG-resistance was independent risk factors of CALs. Conclusions. IVIG treatment less than 7 days after illness onset are found to be sufficient for preventing developing coronary artery abnormalities in KD patients. Earlier IVIG treatment administration within 4 days may not increase the higher incidence of coronary artery abnormalities and IVIG resistance (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry:ChiCTR1800015800).</description><identifier>ISSN: 1755-5914</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1755-5922</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2021/6660407</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34239607</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>LONDON: Hindawi</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Age ; Aneurysms ; Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems ; Cardiac patients ; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology ; Care and treatment ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Clinical trials ; Cohort analysis ; Coronary Artery Disease - epidemiology ; Coronary vessels ; Drug dosages ; Female ; Fever ; Gender ; Humans ; Illnesses ; Immunoglobulins ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous - therapeutic use ; Infant ; Kawasaki disease ; Laboratories ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine ; Male ; Medical records ; Medical research ; Medicine, Experimental ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome - diagnosis ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome - drug therapy ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome - epidemiology ; Pharmacology & Pharmacy ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Science & Technology ; Statistical analysis ; Time Factors ; Veins & arteries ; Young Adult]]></subject><ispartof>Cardiovascular therapeutics, 2021-06, Vol.2021, p.6660407-7, Article 6660407</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2021 Wei Li et al.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Wei Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Wei Li et al. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>8</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000669904900001</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c612t-49e131450b6bf83faa083fe2ddf0d108c0440994cbd55ff2d7aedab8ef2ddd053</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c612t-49e131450b6bf83faa083fe2ddf0d108c0440994cbd55ff2d7aedab8ef2ddd053</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7864-455X ; 0000-0003-3449-7687 ; 0000-0003-3097-9216 ; 0000-0002-6003-9658</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8233071/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8233071/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,865,878,886,2103,2115,27929,27930,39263,53796,53798</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34239607$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Coons, James C.</contributor><contributor>James C Coons</contributor><creatorcontrib>Li, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Xiufang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Zhouping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yanfei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Huimei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yuan, Jia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xie, Xiaofei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qin, Youzhen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Ping</creatorcontrib><title>A Retrospective Cohort Study of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in the Acute Phase of Kawasaki Disease: The Earlier, the Better?</title><title>Cardiovascular therapeutics</title><addtitle>CARDIOVASC THER</addtitle><addtitle>Cardiovasc Ther</addtitle><description>Background. Although intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is expected to prevent coronary artery abnormalities of Kawasaki disease (KD) in the acute phase, the timing and effectiveness of IVIG remain to be determined. The association of timing of IVIG administration in KD patients with coronary artery abnormalities is evaluated in this cohort study. Methods. We systematically studied KD patients from two participating institutions between 2015 and 2017. To reveal the effectiveness of IVIG treatment, these patients were classified into four groups regarding the time of IVIG treatment. Primary outcome was coronary artery abnormalities by echo at diagnosis and 12 months follow-up; secondary outcomes included inflammatory markers. Results. A total of 1281 patients were included in this study. The best time of IVIG treatment cut-off values in 12 months follow-up for predicting coronary artery abnormalities was days 7.5 of illness onset. According to the best time of IVIG treatment cut-off values, all patients were classified into 4 groups. Group 1 was defined as earlier IVIG treatment administration on days ≤4 of the illness (n=77). Group 2 was defined with days 5-7 (n=817), group 3 with days 8-10 (n=249), group 4 with days >10 (n=138). A greater proportion of IVIG-resistant KD patients were group 4 than the other three groups, and there were significant differences (p<0.05). The incidence of coronary artery lesions (CALs) and coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) in group 3 and group 4 was higher than that in group 1 (p<0.05) and group 2 (p<0.05) during a 12-month follow-up. Additionally, the incidence of CALs in group 1 was higher than that in group 2 but without statistical significance (p>0.05). The OR was significantly higher for those who started IVIG administration more than 7 days from the onset was positively associated with the occurrence of CALs (OR, 5.3; 95% CI, 2.0-13.9) and CAAs (OR, 13.5; 95% CI, 2.9-14.1) 12 months after initial onset. Multivariate regression revealed that the timing of IVIG treatment and IVIG-resistance was independent risk factors of CALs. Conclusions. IVIG treatment less than 7 days after illness onset are found to be sufficient for preventing developing coronary artery abnormalities in KD patients. Earlier IVIG treatment administration within 4 days may not increase the higher incidence of coronary artery abnormalities and IVIG resistance (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry:ChiCTR1800015800).</description><subject>Acute Disease</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Aneurysms</subject><subject>Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems</subject><subject>Cardiac patients</subject><subject>Cardiovascular System & Cardiology</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Cohort analysis</subject><subject>Coronary Artery Disease - epidemiology</subject><subject>Coronary vessels</subject><subject>Drug dosages</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fever</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Illnesses</subject><subject>Immunoglobulins</subject><subject>Immunoglobulins, Intravenous - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Kawasaki disease</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical records</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medicine, Experimental</subject><subject>Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome - diagnosis</subject><subject>Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome - drug therapy</subject><subject>Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome - epidemiology</subject><subject>Pharmacology & Pharmacy</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Veins & arteries</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1755-5914</issn><issn>1755-5922</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RHX</sourceid><sourceid>HGBXW</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNklFv0zAUhSMEYmPwxjOKhISQWDfbsZ2EB1ApAyomgWA8W45903ikdrGdTnvmj-Oso1sRQihScnXz3XOdk5NljzE6wpixY4IIPuacI4rKO9k-LhmbsJqQu9sa073sQQjnCHFUc3w_2ysoKWqOyv3s5zT_AtG7sAIVzRrymeucj_nXOOjL3LX53EYv12DdEPL5cjlYt-hdM_TG5mcdeLm6zFMZO8inaoiQf-5kgHHwo7yQQX43-VsTIPVejnx-In1vwB9eTbyBGMG_fpjda2Uf4NH18yD79u7kbPZhcvrp_Xw2PZ0ojkmc0BpwgSlDDW_aqmilROkOROsWaYwqhShFdU1VoxlrW6JLCVo2FaRSa8SKg2y-0dVOnouVN0vpL4WTRlw1nF8I6aNRPQhG0pICQaUaRhHlFaFNVZaaU15SqHTSerXRWg3NErSC0aZ-R3T3jTWdWLi1qEhRoBIngefXAt79GCBEsTRBQd9LC8lrQRhDJP1VzhP69A_03A3eJqsSRRklVcXrG2oh0wcY27q0V42iYloSVqACX1FHf6HSpWFplLPQmtTfGXh2a6AD2ccuuH6IxtmwCx5uQJXSFDy0WzMwEmNSxZhUcZ3UhD-5beAW_h3NBLzYABfQuDYoA1bBFkMpzLyuEa1ThUY7q_-nZybK8fwzN9h4s6gzVssL8-9z_wL0og9O</recordid><startdate>20210618</startdate><enddate>20210618</enddate><creator>Li, Wei</creator><creator>He, Xiufang</creator><creator>Zhang, Li</creator><creator>Wang, Zhouping</creator><creator>Wang, Yanfei</creator><creator>Lin, Huimei</creator><creator>Yuan, Jia</creator><creator>Xie, Xiaofei</creator><creator>Qin, Youzhen</creator><creator>Huang, Ping</creator><general>Hindawi</general><general>Wiley-Hindawi</general><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>Hindawi Limited</general><general>Hindawi-Wiley</general><scope>RHU</scope><scope>RHW</scope><scope>RHX</scope><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>HGBXW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7864-455X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3449-7687</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3097-9216</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6003-9658</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210618</creationdate><title>A Retrospective Cohort Study of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in the Acute Phase of Kawasaki Disease: The Earlier, the Better?</title><author>Li, Wei ; He, Xiufang ; Zhang, Li ; Wang, Zhouping ; Wang, Yanfei ; Lin, Huimei ; Yuan, Jia ; Xie, Xiaofei ; Qin, Youzhen ; Huang, Ping</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c612t-49e131450b6bf83faa083fe2ddf0d108c0440994cbd55ff2d7aedab8ef2ddd053</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Acute Disease</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Aneurysms</topic><topic>Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems</topic><topic>Cardiac patients</topic><topic>Cardiovascular System & Cardiology</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Clinical trials</topic><topic>Cohort analysis</topic><topic>Coronary Artery Disease - epidemiology</topic><topic>Coronary vessels</topic><topic>Drug dosages</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fever</topic><topic>Gender</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Illnesses</topic><topic>Immunoglobulins</topic><topic>Immunoglobulins, Intravenous - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Kawasaki disease</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical records</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Medicine, Experimental</topic><topic>Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome - diagnosis</topic><topic>Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome - drug therapy</topic><topic>Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome - epidemiology</topic><topic>Pharmacology & Pharmacy</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Science & Technology</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Veins & arteries</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Li, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Xiufang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Zhouping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yanfei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Huimei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yuan, Jia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xie, Xiaofei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qin, Youzhen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Ping</creatorcontrib><collection>Hindawi Publishing Complete</collection><collection>Hindawi Publishing Subscription Journals</collection><collection>Hindawi Publishing Open Access</collection><collection>Web of Science Core Collection</collection><collection>Science Citation Index Expanded</collection><collection>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2021</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Cardiovascular therapeutics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Li, Wei</au><au>He, Xiufang</au><au>Zhang, Li</au><au>Wang, Zhouping</au><au>Wang, Yanfei</au><au>Lin, Huimei</au><au>Yuan, Jia</au><au>Xie, Xiaofei</au><au>Qin, Youzhen</au><au>Huang, Ping</au><au>Coons, James C.</au><au>James C Coons</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A Retrospective Cohort Study of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in the Acute Phase of Kawasaki Disease: The Earlier, the Better?</atitle><jtitle>Cardiovascular therapeutics</jtitle><stitle>CARDIOVASC THER</stitle><addtitle>Cardiovasc Ther</addtitle><date>2021-06-18</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>2021</volume><spage>6660407</spage><epage>7</epage><pages>6660407-7</pages><artnum>6660407</artnum><issn>1755-5914</issn><eissn>1755-5922</eissn><abstract>Background. Although intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is expected to prevent coronary artery abnormalities of Kawasaki disease (KD) in the acute phase, the timing and effectiveness of IVIG remain to be determined. The association of timing of IVIG administration in KD patients with coronary artery abnormalities is evaluated in this cohort study. Methods. We systematically studied KD patients from two participating institutions between 2015 and 2017. To reveal the effectiveness of IVIG treatment, these patients were classified into four groups regarding the time of IVIG treatment. Primary outcome was coronary artery abnormalities by echo at diagnosis and 12 months follow-up; secondary outcomes included inflammatory markers. Results. A total of 1281 patients were included in this study. The best time of IVIG treatment cut-off values in 12 months follow-up for predicting coronary artery abnormalities was days 7.5 of illness onset. According to the best time of IVIG treatment cut-off values, all patients were classified into 4 groups. Group 1 was defined as earlier IVIG treatment administration on days ≤4 of the illness (n=77). Group 2 was defined with days 5-7 (n=817), group 3 with days 8-10 (n=249), group 4 with days >10 (n=138). A greater proportion of IVIG-resistant KD patients were group 4 than the other three groups, and there were significant differences (p<0.05). The incidence of coronary artery lesions (CALs) and coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) in group 3 and group 4 was higher than that in group 1 (p<0.05) and group 2 (p<0.05) during a 12-month follow-up. Additionally, the incidence of CALs in group 1 was higher than that in group 2 but without statistical significance (p>0.05). The OR was significantly higher for those who started IVIG administration more than 7 days from the onset was positively associated with the occurrence of CALs (OR, 5.3; 95% CI, 2.0-13.9) and CAAs (OR, 13.5; 95% CI, 2.9-14.1) 12 months after initial onset. Multivariate regression revealed that the timing of IVIG treatment and IVIG-resistance was independent risk factors of CALs. Conclusions. IVIG treatment less than 7 days after illness onset are found to be sufficient for preventing developing coronary artery abnormalities in KD patients. Earlier IVIG treatment administration within 4 days may not increase the higher incidence of coronary artery abnormalities and IVIG resistance (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry:ChiCTR1800015800).</abstract><cop>LONDON</cop><pub>Hindawi</pub><pmid>34239607</pmid><doi>10.1155/2021/6660407</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7864-455X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3449-7687</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3097-9216</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6003-9658</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2550266066 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2021<img src="https://exlibris-pub.s3.amazonaws.com/fromwos-v2.jpg" />; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Acute Disease Adolescent Adult Age Aneurysms Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems Cardiac patients Cardiovascular System & Cardiology Care and treatment Child Child, Preschool Clinical trials Cohort analysis Coronary Artery Disease - epidemiology Coronary vessels Drug dosages Female Fever Gender Humans Illnesses Immunoglobulins Immunoglobulins, Intravenous - therapeutic use Infant Kawasaki disease Laboratories Life Sciences & Biomedicine Male Medical records Medical research Medicine, Experimental Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome - diagnosis Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome - drug therapy Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome - epidemiology Pharmacology & Pharmacy Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Science & Technology Statistical analysis Time Factors Veins & arteries Young Adult |
| title | A Retrospective Cohort Study of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in the Acute Phase of Kawasaki Disease: The Earlier, the Better? |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-15T20%3A01%3A55IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_proqu&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A%20Retrospective%20Cohort%20Study%20of%20Intravenous%20Immunoglobulin%20Therapy%20in%20the%20Acute%20Phase%20of%20Kawasaki%20Disease:%20The%20Earlier,%20the%20Better?&rft.jtitle=Cardiovascular%20therapeutics&rft.au=Li,%20Wei&rft.date=2021-06-18&rft.volume=2021&rft.spage=6660407&rft.epage=7&rft.pages=6660407-7&rft.artnum=6660407&rft.issn=1755-5914&rft.eissn=1755-5922&rft_id=info:doi/10.1155/2021/6660407&rft_dat=%3Cgale_proqu%3EA725303169%3C/gale_proqu%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2545428869&rft_id=info:pmid/34239607&rft_galeid=A725303169&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_52b6b30e8cb54046824b877d64674e8d&rfr_iscdi=true |