Molecular characteristics of the photosensitizer TONS504: Comparison of its singlet oxygen quantum yields and photodynamic antimicrobial effect with those of methylene blue

TONS504 (C51H58O5I2) is a chlorin derivative that exhibits a photodynamic antimicrobial effect (PAE) on various infectious keratitis pathogens. However, the molecular characteristics of TONS504 are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the molecular characteristics of TONS504 by compa...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology Biology, 2021-08, Vol.221, p.112239-112239, Article 112239
Hauptverfasser: Shinji, Koichiro, Chikama, Taiichiro, Okazaki, Shigetoshi, Uto, Yoshihiro, Sueoka, Kentaro, Pertiwi, Yunialthy Dwia, Ko, Ji-Ae, Kiuchi, Yoshiaki, Sakaguchi, Takemasa
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container_title Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology
container_volume 221
creator Shinji, Koichiro
Chikama, Taiichiro
Okazaki, Shigetoshi
Uto, Yoshihiro
Sueoka, Kentaro
Pertiwi, Yunialthy Dwia
Ko, Ji-Ae
Kiuchi, Yoshiaki
Sakaguchi, Takemasa
description TONS504 (C51H58O5I2) is a chlorin derivative that exhibits a photodynamic antimicrobial effect (PAE) on various infectious keratitis pathogens. However, the molecular characteristics of TONS504 are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the molecular characteristics of TONS504 by comparing its singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yields and PAE with those of methylene blue (MB). To measure the 1O2 quantum yields, TONS504 and MB were dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline and phosphate-buffered saline containing 1% Triton X-100. The solutions were then activated by a Nd:YAG laser with an average output power of 8 mW. Near-infrared 1O2 luminescence was detected as an indicator of the 1O2 quantum yields. To evaluate the PAE, TONS504 and MB were activated by a light-emitting diode with a total light energy of 30 J/cm2. We compared the minimum molar concentration of each photosensitizer to show apparent PAEs on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. TONS504 exhibited higher 1O2 quantum yields than MB in PBS/Triton X-100 but not in PBS. S. aureus and C. albicans were reduced by TONS504 at lower concentrations than by MB, but this was not the case for P. aeruginosa. Our results provide insight on the molecular characteristics of TONS504 and suggest that TONS504 has excellent 1O2 quantum yields and PAE. Compared with MB, TONS504 in PBS has stronger efficacy toward some infectious keratitis pathogens but not others. •The efficacies of the photosensitizers TONS504 and methylene blue are compared.•TONS504 shows higher singlet oxygen quantum yields than methylene blue.•TONS504 shows photodynamic antimicrobial effects at lower concentrations than methylene blue.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112239
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However, the molecular characteristics of TONS504 are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the molecular characteristics of TONS504 by comparing its singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yields and PAE with those of methylene blue (MB). To measure the 1O2 quantum yields, TONS504 and MB were dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline and phosphate-buffered saline containing 1% Triton X-100. The solutions were then activated by a Nd:YAG laser with an average output power of 8 mW. Near-infrared 1O2 luminescence was detected as an indicator of the 1O2 quantum yields. To evaluate the PAE, TONS504 and MB were activated by a light-emitting diode with a total light energy of 30 J/cm2. We compared the minimum molar concentration of each photosensitizer to show apparent PAEs on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. TONS504 exhibited higher 1O2 quantum yields than MB in PBS/Triton X-100 but not in PBS. S. aureus and C. albicans were reduced by TONS504 at lower concentrations than by MB, but this was not the case for P. aeruginosa. Our results provide insight on the molecular characteristics of TONS504 and suggest that TONS504 has excellent 1O2 quantum yields and PAE. Compared with MB, TONS504 in PBS has stronger efficacy toward some infectious keratitis pathogens but not others. •The efficacies of the photosensitizers TONS504 and methylene blue are compared.•TONS504 shows higher singlet oxygen quantum yields than methylene blue.•TONS504 shows photodynamic antimicrobial effects at lower concentrations than methylene blue.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1011-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2682</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112239</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Lausanne: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Antiinfectives and antibacterials ; Antimicrobial resistance ; Buffers ; Keratitis ; Light emitting diodes ; Methylene blue ; Neodymium lasers ; Oxygen ; Pathogens ; Photochemotherapy ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Semiconductor lasers ; Singlet oxygen ; Staphylococcus aureus ; TONS504 ; YAG lasers</subject><ispartof>Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. 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B, Biology</title><description>TONS504 (C51H58O5I2) is a chlorin derivative that exhibits a photodynamic antimicrobial effect (PAE) on various infectious keratitis pathogens. However, the molecular characteristics of TONS504 are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the molecular characteristics of TONS504 by comparing its singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yields and PAE with those of methylene blue (MB). To measure the 1O2 quantum yields, TONS504 and MB were dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline and phosphate-buffered saline containing 1% Triton X-100. The solutions were then activated by a Nd:YAG laser with an average output power of 8 mW. Near-infrared 1O2 luminescence was detected as an indicator of the 1O2 quantum yields. To evaluate the PAE, TONS504 and MB were activated by a light-emitting diode with a total light energy of 30 J/cm2. We compared the minimum molar concentration of each photosensitizer to show apparent PAEs on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. TONS504 exhibited higher 1O2 quantum yields than MB in PBS/Triton X-100 but not in PBS. S. aureus and C. albicans were reduced by TONS504 at lower concentrations than by MB, but this was not the case for P. aeruginosa. Our results provide insight on the molecular characteristics of TONS504 and suggest that TONS504 has excellent 1O2 quantum yields and PAE. Compared with MB, TONS504 in PBS has stronger efficacy toward some infectious keratitis pathogens but not others. •The efficacies of the photosensitizers TONS504 and methylene blue are compared.•TONS504 shows higher singlet oxygen quantum yields than methylene blue.•TONS504 shows photodynamic antimicrobial effects at lower concentrations than methylene blue.</description><subject>Antiinfectives and antibacterials</subject><subject>Antimicrobial resistance</subject><subject>Buffers</subject><subject>Keratitis</subject><subject>Light emitting diodes</subject><subject>Methylene blue</subject><subject>Neodymium lasers</subject><subject>Oxygen</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Photochemotherapy</subject><subject>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</subject><subject>Semiconductor lasers</subject><subject>Singlet oxygen</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus</subject><subject>TONS504</subject><subject>YAG lasers</subject><issn>1011-1344</issn><issn>1873-2682</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkV2L1TAQhosouK7-h4A33vSYTNMv7_TgF6zuhet1SNPJNiVNzibpav1N_khzrCB4YyDMEJ55ZyZvURBGD4yy5uV8mE-TT34w3h6AAjswBlD1D4oL1rVVCU0HD3NOGStZxfnj4kmMM82nbtqL4ucnb1GtVgaiJhmkShhMTEZF4jVJE5Lf6hFdNMn8wEBurj9_qSl_RY5-OckMe3dGTYokGndrMRH_fbtFR-5W6dK6kM2gHSORbtzFxs3Jxaj8kEyOIc8uLUGtUSXyzaQp980dz6oLpmmz6JAMdsWnxSMtbcRnf-Jl8fXd25vjh_Lq-v3H4-urUnHoU9khH-u6Rd3qqqUS9chbBvWAwFnPsWPQ9y1V_QCgVDOwHoCDbmpkfMCxUdVl8WLXPQV_t2JMYjFRobXSoV-jgJrTGiDfjD7_B539GlyeLlNNRytatSxT3U7lZWMMqMUpmEWGTTAqzjaKWfy1UZxtFLuNufTNXop54XuDQURl0CkcTcj_JUZv_i_yCwnwryo</recordid><startdate>202108</startdate><enddate>202108</enddate><creator>Shinji, Koichiro</creator><creator>Chikama, Taiichiro</creator><creator>Okazaki, Shigetoshi</creator><creator>Uto, Yoshihiro</creator><creator>Sueoka, Kentaro</creator><creator>Pertiwi, Yunialthy Dwia</creator><creator>Ko, Ji-Ae</creator><creator>Kiuchi, Yoshiaki</creator><creator>Sakaguchi, Takemasa</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202108</creationdate><title>Molecular characteristics of the photosensitizer TONS504: Comparison of its singlet oxygen quantum yields and photodynamic antimicrobial effect with those of methylene blue</title><author>Shinji, Koichiro ; Chikama, Taiichiro ; Okazaki, Shigetoshi ; Uto, Yoshihiro ; Sueoka, Kentaro ; Pertiwi, Yunialthy Dwia ; Ko, Ji-Ae ; Kiuchi, Yoshiaki ; Sakaguchi, Takemasa</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c429t-8e4d557ef7f370aefd47125be24194e8129970c9b22cc6b192242f65e14bed6c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Antiinfectives and antibacterials</topic><topic>Antimicrobial resistance</topic><topic>Buffers</topic><topic>Keratitis</topic><topic>Light emitting diodes</topic><topic>Methylene blue</topic><topic>Neodymium lasers</topic><topic>Oxygen</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>Photochemotherapy</topic><topic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</topic><topic>Semiconductor lasers</topic><topic>Singlet oxygen</topic><topic>Staphylococcus aureus</topic><topic>TONS504</topic><topic>YAG lasers</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Shinji, Koichiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chikama, Taiichiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okazaki, Shigetoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uto, Yoshihiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sueoka, Kentaro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pertiwi, Yunialthy Dwia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ko, Ji-Ae</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kiuchi, Yoshiaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sakaguchi, Takemasa</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium &amp; Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. 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B, Biology</jtitle><date>2021-08</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>221</volume><spage>112239</spage><epage>112239</epage><pages>112239-112239</pages><artnum>112239</artnum><issn>1011-1344</issn><eissn>1873-2682</eissn><abstract>TONS504 (C51H58O5I2) is a chlorin derivative that exhibits a photodynamic antimicrobial effect (PAE) on various infectious keratitis pathogens. However, the molecular characteristics of TONS504 are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the molecular characteristics of TONS504 by comparing its singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yields and PAE with those of methylene blue (MB). To measure the 1O2 quantum yields, TONS504 and MB were dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline and phosphate-buffered saline containing 1% Triton X-100. The solutions were then activated by a Nd:YAG laser with an average output power of 8 mW. Near-infrared 1O2 luminescence was detected as an indicator of the 1O2 quantum yields. To evaluate the PAE, TONS504 and MB were activated by a light-emitting diode with a total light energy of 30 J/cm2. We compared the minimum molar concentration of each photosensitizer to show apparent PAEs on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. TONS504 exhibited higher 1O2 quantum yields than MB in PBS/Triton X-100 but not in PBS. S. aureus and C. albicans were reduced by TONS504 at lower concentrations than by MB, but this was not the case for P. aeruginosa. Our results provide insight on the molecular characteristics of TONS504 and suggest that TONS504 has excellent 1O2 quantum yields and PAE. Compared with MB, TONS504 in PBS has stronger efficacy toward some infectious keratitis pathogens but not others. •The efficacies of the photosensitizers TONS504 and methylene blue are compared.•TONS504 shows higher singlet oxygen quantum yields than methylene blue.•TONS504 shows photodynamic antimicrobial effects at lower concentrations than methylene blue.</abstract><cop>Lausanne</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112239</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Antiinfectives and antibacterials
Antimicrobial resistance
Buffers
Keratitis
Light emitting diodes
Methylene blue
Neodymium lasers
Oxygen
Pathogens
Photochemotherapy
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Semiconductor lasers
Singlet oxygen
Staphylococcus aureus
TONS504
YAG lasers
title Molecular characteristics of the photosensitizer TONS504: Comparison of its singlet oxygen quantum yields and photodynamic antimicrobial effect with those of methylene blue
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