Ancient saltern metagenomics: tracking changes in microbes and their viruses from the underground to the surface
Summary Microbial communities in hypersaline underground waters derive from ancient organisms trapped within the evaporitic salt crystals and are part of the poorly known subterranean biosphere. Here, we characterized the viral and prokaryotic assemblages present in the hypersaline springs that diss...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental microbiology 2021-07, Vol.23 (7), p.3477-3498 |
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| creator | Ramos‐Barbero, Mª Dolores Viver, Tomeu Zabaleta, Ane Senel, Ece Gomariz, María Antigüedad, Iñaki Santos, Fernando Martínez‐García, Manuel Rosselló‐Móra, Ramon Antón, Josefa |
| description | Summary
Microbial communities in hypersaline underground waters derive from ancient organisms trapped within the evaporitic salt crystals and are part of the poorly known subterranean biosphere. Here, we characterized the viral and prokaryotic assemblages present in the hypersaline springs that dissolve Triassic‐Keuper evaporite rocks and feed the Añana Salt Valley (Araba/Alava, Basque Country, Spain). Four underground water samples (around 23% total salinity) with different levels of exposure to the open air were analysed by means of microscopy and metagenomics. Cells and viruses in the spring water had lower concentrations than what are normally found in hypersaline environments and seemed to be mostly inactive. Upon exposure to the open air, there was an increase in activity of both cells and viruses as well as a selection of phylotypes. The underground water was inhabited by a rich community harbouring a diverse set of genes coding for retinal binding proteins. A total of 35 viral contigs from 15 to 104 kb, representing partial or total viral genomes, were assembled and their evolutionary changes through the spring system were followed by SNP analysis and metagenomic island tracking. Overall, both the viral and the prokaryotic assemblages changed quickly upon exposure to the open air conditions. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/1462-2920.15630 |
| format | Article |
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Microbial communities in hypersaline underground waters derive from ancient organisms trapped within the evaporitic salt crystals and are part of the poorly known subterranean biosphere. Here, we characterized the viral and prokaryotic assemblages present in the hypersaline springs that dissolve Triassic‐Keuper evaporite rocks and feed the Añana Salt Valley (Araba/Alava, Basque Country, Spain). Four underground water samples (around 23% total salinity) with different levels of exposure to the open air were analysed by means of microscopy and metagenomics. Cells and viruses in the spring water had lower concentrations than what are normally found in hypersaline environments and seemed to be mostly inactive. Upon exposure to the open air, there was an increase in activity of both cells and viruses as well as a selection of phylotypes. The underground water was inhabited by a rich community harbouring a diverse set of genes coding for retinal binding proteins. A total of 35 viral contigs from 15 to 104 kb, representing partial or total viral genomes, were assembled and their evolutionary changes through the spring system were followed by SNP analysis and metagenomic island tracking. Overall, both the viral and the prokaryotic assemblages changed quickly upon exposure to the open air conditions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1462-2912</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1462-2920</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15630</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Air ; Biosphere ; Cells ; Crystals ; Evaporites ; Exposure ; Genes ; Genomes ; Metagenomics ; Microbial activity ; Microorganisms ; Microscopy ; Salterns ; Single-nucleotide polymorphism ; Spring ; Spring water ; Tracking ; Triassic ; Viruses ; Water analysis ; Water sampling ; Water springs</subject><ispartof>Environmental microbiology, 2021-07, Vol.23 (7), p.3477-3498</ispartof><rights>2021 The Authors. published by Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>2021. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a4120-6f813698b6dfb641cc5da64ae442e03913d6900e9e17126f8d2121ff317c32a23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a4120-6f813698b6dfb641cc5da64ae442e03913d6900e9e17126f8d2121ff317c32a23</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5823-493X ; 0000-0001-5056-1525 ; 0000-0002-6281-7310 ; 0000-0001-8868-9292</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2F1462-2920.15630$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2F1462-2920.15630$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ramos‐Barbero, Mª Dolores</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Viver, Tomeu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zabaleta, Ane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Senel, Ece</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gomariz, María</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Antigüedad, Iñaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Santos, Fernando</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martínez‐García, Manuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosselló‐Móra, Ramon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Antón, Josefa</creatorcontrib><title>Ancient saltern metagenomics: tracking changes in microbes and their viruses from the underground to the surface</title><title>Environmental microbiology</title><description>Summary
Microbial communities in hypersaline underground waters derive from ancient organisms trapped within the evaporitic salt crystals and are part of the poorly known subterranean biosphere. Here, we characterized the viral and prokaryotic assemblages present in the hypersaline springs that dissolve Triassic‐Keuper evaporite rocks and feed the Añana Salt Valley (Araba/Alava, Basque Country, Spain). Four underground water samples (around 23% total salinity) with different levels of exposure to the open air were analysed by means of microscopy and metagenomics. Cells and viruses in the spring water had lower concentrations than what are normally found in hypersaline environments and seemed to be mostly inactive. Upon exposure to the open air, there was an increase in activity of both cells and viruses as well as a selection of phylotypes. The underground water was inhabited by a rich community harbouring a diverse set of genes coding for retinal binding proteins. A total of 35 viral contigs from 15 to 104 kb, representing partial or total viral genomes, were assembled and their evolutionary changes through the spring system were followed by SNP analysis and metagenomic island tracking. 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Viver, Tomeu ; Zabaleta, Ane ; Senel, Ece ; Gomariz, María ; Antigüedad, Iñaki ; Santos, Fernando ; Martínez‐García, Manuel ; Rosselló‐Móra, Ramon ; Antón, Josefa</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a4120-6f813698b6dfb641cc5da64ae442e03913d6900e9e17126f8d2121ff317c32a23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Air</topic><topic>Biosphere</topic><topic>Cells</topic><topic>Crystals</topic><topic>Evaporites</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genomes</topic><topic>Metagenomics</topic><topic>Microbial activity</topic><topic>Microorganisms</topic><topic>Microscopy</topic><topic>Salterns</topic><topic>Single-nucleotide polymorphism</topic><topic>Spring</topic><topic>Spring water</topic><topic>Tracking</topic><topic>Triassic</topic><topic>Viruses</topic><topic>Water analysis</topic><topic>Water sampling</topic><topic>Water springs</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ramos‐Barbero, Mª Dolores</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Viver, Tomeu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zabaleta, Ane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Senel, Ece</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gomariz, María</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Antigüedad, Iñaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Santos, Fernando</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martínez‐García, Manuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosselló‐Móra, Ramon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Antón, Josefa</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley Online Library (Open Access Collection)</collection><collection>Wiley Free Content</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Environmental microbiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ramos‐Barbero, Mª Dolores</au><au>Viver, Tomeu</au><au>Zabaleta, Ane</au><au>Senel, Ece</au><au>Gomariz, María</au><au>Antigüedad, Iñaki</au><au>Santos, Fernando</au><au>Martínez‐García, Manuel</au><au>Rosselló‐Móra, Ramon</au><au>Antón, Josefa</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Ancient saltern metagenomics: tracking changes in microbes and their viruses from the underground to the surface</atitle><jtitle>Environmental microbiology</jtitle><date>2021-07</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>23</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>3477</spage><epage>3498</epage><pages>3477-3498</pages><issn>1462-2912</issn><eissn>1462-2920</eissn><abstract>Summary
Microbial communities in hypersaline underground waters derive from ancient organisms trapped within the evaporitic salt crystals and are part of the poorly known subterranean biosphere. Here, we characterized the viral and prokaryotic assemblages present in the hypersaline springs that dissolve Triassic‐Keuper evaporite rocks and feed the Añana Salt Valley (Araba/Alava, Basque Country, Spain). Four underground water samples (around 23% total salinity) with different levels of exposure to the open air were analysed by means of microscopy and metagenomics. Cells and viruses in the spring water had lower concentrations than what are normally found in hypersaline environments and seemed to be mostly inactive. Upon exposure to the open air, there was an increase in activity of both cells and viruses as well as a selection of phylotypes. The underground water was inhabited by a rich community harbouring a diverse set of genes coding for retinal binding proteins. A total of 35 viral contigs from 15 to 104 kb, representing partial or total viral genomes, were assembled and their evolutionary changes through the spring system were followed by SNP analysis and metagenomic island tracking. Overall, both the viral and the prokaryotic assemblages changed quickly upon exposure to the open air conditions.</abstract><cop>Hoboken, USA</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><doi>10.1111/1462-2920.15630</doi><tpages>22</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5823-493X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5056-1525</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-7310</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8868-9292</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Air Biosphere Cells Crystals Evaporites Exposure Genes Genomes Metagenomics Microbial activity Microorganisms Microscopy Salterns Single-nucleotide polymorphism Spring Spring water Tracking Triassic Viruses Water analysis Water sampling Water springs |
| title | Ancient saltern metagenomics: tracking changes in microbes and their viruses from the underground to the surface |
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