FSTL1 aggravates OVA-induced inflammatory responses by activating the NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway in mice and macrophages

Objective Asthma, a well-known disease with high morbidity, is characterized by chronic airway inflammation. However, the allergic inflammation mechanisms of follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) have not been elucidated. This study aims to investigate the effects of FSTL1 in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mi...

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Veröffentlicht in:Inflammation research 2021-07, Vol.70 (7), p.777-787
Hauptverfasser: Wang, Yan, Zhang, Dong, Liu, Tian, Wang, Jun-fei, Wu, Jin-xiang, Zhao, Ji-ping, Xu, Jia-wei, Zhang, Jin-tao, Dong, Liang
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container_end_page 787
container_issue 7
container_start_page 777
container_title Inflammation research
container_volume 70
creator Wang, Yan
Zhang, Dong
Liu, Tian
Wang, Jun-fei
Wu, Jin-xiang
Zhao, Ji-ping
Xu, Jia-wei
Zhang, Jin-tao
Dong, Liang
description Objective Asthma, a well-known disease with high morbidity, is characterized by chronic airway inflammation. However, the allergic inflammation mechanisms of follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) have not been elucidated. This study aims to investigate the effects of FSTL1 in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mice and macrophages on nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3)/interleukin-1β (IL-1β) signaling pathway. Methods Mice were randomly divided into control-WT, OVA-WT, control- Fstl1 ± , OVA- Fstl1 ± . Histological changes were assessed by HE and PAS staining. The protein levels of Muc-5AC, FSTL1, NLRP3, and IL-1β in lung tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in mice and human serum samples were detected by ELISA. Then, mice were grouped into control, FSTL1, MCC950 + FSTL1 to further investigate the relationship between FSTL1 and NLRP3/IL-1β. Alveolar macrophage cells (MH-S cells) were separated into control, OVA, FSTL1, OVA + FSTL1, OVA + siNC, OVA + siFSTL1, MCC950, and FSTL1 + MCC950 groups to explore the effect of FSTL1 on the NLRP3/IL-1β signaling. The protein expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β in MH-S cells was detected by Western blot analysis. Results The present results uncovered that Fstl1 ± significantly ameliorated OVA-induced Muc-5AC production and mucus hypersecretion. Fstl1 ± was also found to decrease the production of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory cell infiltration in OVA-induced asthmatic mice. Meanwhile, the serum concentrations of FSTL1 and IL-1β were higher in  asthma subjects than the health subjects, and Fstl1 ± ameliorated the production of NLRP3 and IL-1β in OVA-induced asthmatic mice. Furthermore, mice by injected FSTL1 substantially stimulated the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β, while pretreatment with MCC950 in mice significantly weakened the production of NLRP3 and IL-1β induced by injection FSTL1. Pretreatment with siFSTL1 or MCC950 significantly reduced the production of NLRP3 and IL-1β induced by OVA or FSTL1 in MH-S cells. Conclusions The study results showed that FSTL1 played an important role in allergic airway inflammation by activating NLRP3/IL-1β. Hence, inhibition FSTL1 could be applied as a therapeutic agent against asthma.
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s00011-021-01475-w
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However, the allergic inflammation mechanisms of follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) have not been elucidated. This study aims to investigate the effects of FSTL1 in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mice and macrophages on nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3)/interleukin-1β (IL-1β) signaling pathway. Methods Mice were randomly divided into control-WT, OVA-WT, control- Fstl1 ± , OVA- Fstl1 ± . Histological changes were assessed by HE and PAS staining. The protein levels of Muc-5AC, FSTL1, NLRP3, and IL-1β in lung tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in mice and human serum samples were detected by ELISA. Then, mice were grouped into control, FSTL1, MCC950 + FSTL1 to further investigate the relationship between FSTL1 and NLRP3/IL-1β. Alveolar macrophage cells (MH-S cells) were separated into control, OVA, FSTL1, OVA + FSTL1, OVA + siNC, OVA + siFSTL1, MCC950, and FSTL1 + MCC950 groups to explore the effect of FSTL1 on the NLRP3/IL-1β signaling. The protein expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β in MH-S cells was detected by Western blot analysis. Results The present results uncovered that Fstl1 ± significantly ameliorated OVA-induced Muc-5AC production and mucus hypersecretion. Fstl1 ± was also found to decrease the production of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory cell infiltration in OVA-induced asthmatic mice. Meanwhile, the serum concentrations of FSTL1 and IL-1β were higher in  asthma subjects than the health subjects, and Fstl1 ± ameliorated the production of NLRP3 and IL-1β in OVA-induced asthmatic mice. Furthermore, mice by injected FSTL1 substantially stimulated the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β, while pretreatment with MCC950 in mice significantly weakened the production of NLRP3 and IL-1β induced by injection FSTL1. Pretreatment with siFSTL1 or MCC950 significantly reduced the production of NLRP3 and IL-1β induced by OVA or FSTL1 in MH-S cells. Conclusions The study results showed that FSTL1 played an important role in allergic airway inflammation by activating NLRP3/IL-1β. Hence, inhibition FSTL1 could be applied as a therapeutic agent against asthma.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1023-3830</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1420-908X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01475-w</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34076707</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Aged ; Allergens - immunology ; Allergology ; Alveoli ; Animals ; Asthma ; Asthma - blood ; Asthma - immunology ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid - immunology ; Bronchus ; Cell Line ; Chemical compounds ; Cytokines ; Cytokines - immunology ; Dermatology ; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; Female ; Follistatin ; Follistatin-Related Proteins - genetics ; Follistatin-Related Proteins - immunology ; Furans - pharmacology ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; IL-1β ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunology ; Indenes - pharmacology ; Inflammation ; Interleukins ; Leucine ; Lung - immunology ; Macrophages ; Macrophages - immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Middle Aged ; Morbidity ; Neurology ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein - immunology ; Nucleotides ; Original Research Paper ; Ovalbumin ; Ovalbumin - immunology ; Pharmacology ; Pharmacology/Toxicology ; Pretreatment ; Proteins ; Respiratory tract ; Respiratory tract diseases ; Rheumatology ; Signal Transduction ; Signaling ; Sulfonamides - pharmacology</subject><ispartof>Inflammation research, 2021-07, Vol.70 (7), p.777-787</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021</rights><rights>2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-9b0ba65f1cf64143b66a59173324ee59eed610f9c3e32ad4cf559bfaf3ec0f3e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-9b0ba65f1cf64143b66a59173324ee59eed610f9c3e32ad4cf559bfaf3ec0f3e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7707-9982</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00011-021-01475-w$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00011-021-01475-w$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34076707$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Dong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Tian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Jun-fei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Jin-xiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Ji-ping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Jia-wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Jin-tao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dong, Liang</creatorcontrib><title>FSTL1 aggravates OVA-induced inflammatory responses by activating the NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway in mice and macrophages</title><title>Inflammation research</title><addtitle>Inflamm. Res</addtitle><addtitle>Inflamm Res</addtitle><description>Objective Asthma, a well-known disease with high morbidity, is characterized by chronic airway inflammation. However, the allergic inflammation mechanisms of follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) have not been elucidated. This study aims to investigate the effects of FSTL1 in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mice and macrophages on nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3)/interleukin-1β (IL-1β) signaling pathway. Methods Mice were randomly divided into control-WT, OVA-WT, control- Fstl1 ± , OVA- Fstl1 ± . Histological changes were assessed by HE and PAS staining. The protein levels of Muc-5AC, FSTL1, NLRP3, and IL-1β in lung tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in mice and human serum samples were detected by ELISA. Then, mice were grouped into control, FSTL1, MCC950 + FSTL1 to further investigate the relationship between FSTL1 and NLRP3/IL-1β. Alveolar macrophage cells (MH-S cells) were separated into control, OVA, FSTL1, OVA + FSTL1, OVA + siNC, OVA + siFSTL1, MCC950, and FSTL1 + MCC950 groups to explore the effect of FSTL1 on the NLRP3/IL-1β signaling. The protein expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β in MH-S cells was detected by Western blot analysis. Results The present results uncovered that Fstl1 ± significantly ameliorated OVA-induced Muc-5AC production and mucus hypersecretion. Fstl1 ± was also found to decrease the production of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory cell infiltration in OVA-induced asthmatic mice. Meanwhile, the serum concentrations of FSTL1 and IL-1β were higher in  asthma subjects than the health subjects, and Fstl1 ± ameliorated the production of NLRP3 and IL-1β in OVA-induced asthmatic mice. Furthermore, mice by injected FSTL1 substantially stimulated the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β, while pretreatment with MCC950 in mice significantly weakened the production of NLRP3 and IL-1β induced by injection FSTL1. Pretreatment with siFSTL1 or MCC950 significantly reduced the production of NLRP3 and IL-1β induced by OVA or FSTL1 in MH-S cells. Conclusions The study results showed that FSTL1 played an important role in allergic airway inflammation by activating NLRP3/IL-1β. Hence, inhibition FSTL1 could be applied as a therapeutic agent against asthma.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Allergens - immunology</subject><subject>Allergology</subject><subject>Alveoli</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Asthma</subject><subject>Asthma - blood</subject><subject>Asthma - immunology</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid - immunology</subject><subject>Bronchus</subject><subject>Cell Line</subject><subject>Chemical compounds</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Cytokines - immunology</subject><subject>Dermatology</subject><subject>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Follistatin</subject><subject>Follistatin-Related Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Follistatin-Related Proteins - immunology</subject><subject>Furans - pharmacology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypersensitivity</subject><subject>IL-1β</subject><subject>Immunohistochemistry</subject><subject>Immunology</subject><subject>Indenes - pharmacology</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Interleukins</subject><subject>Leucine</subject><subject>Lung - immunology</subject><subject>Macrophages</subject><subject>Macrophages - immunology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred C57BL</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Morbidity</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein - immunology</subject><subject>Nucleotides</subject><subject>Original Research Paper</subject><subject>Ovalbumin</subject><subject>Ovalbumin - immunology</subject><subject>Pharmacology</subject><subject>Pharmacology/Toxicology</subject><subject>Pretreatment</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Respiratory tract</subject><subject>Respiratory tract diseases</subject><subject>Rheumatology</subject><subject>Signal Transduction</subject><subject>Signaling</subject><subject>Sulfonamides - pharmacology</subject><issn>1023-3830</issn><issn>1420-908X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kctqFUEQhhtRTIy-gAtpcOOmTV-nZ5YhGBMYjGgUd01NT82cCXOze8bDgTyVD-Iz2ccTFVy46AvUV39RfIQ8F_y14NyeRs65EIzLdIS2hm0fkGOhJWcFz788TH8uFVO54kfkSYy3Cc9lLh-TI6W5zSy3x-Tu4uNNKSi0bYBvsGCk15_PWDfWq8eadmPTwzDAMoUdDRjnaYwJqXYU_NIlvhtbumyQvis_vFenVyUTP77T2LUj9PvSDMtmC7uUQ4fOI4WxpgP4MM0baDE-JY8a6CM-u39PyKeLNzfnl6y8fnt1flYyr6xZWFHxCjLTCN9kWmhVZRmYQlilpEY0BWKdCd4UXqGSUGvfGFNUDTQKPU-XOiGvDrlzmL6uGBc3dNFj38OI0xqdNCrTubK5SujLf9DbaQ1pnT1leKHzXNtEyQOVVokxYOPm0A0Qdk5wt3fjDm5ccuN-uXHb1PTiPnqtBqz_tPyWkQB1AGIqjS2Gv7P_E_sT5dqbSw</recordid><startdate>20210701</startdate><enddate>20210701</enddate><creator>Wang, Yan</creator><creator>Zhang, Dong</creator><creator>Liu, Tian</creator><creator>Wang, Jun-fei</creator><creator>Wu, Jin-xiang</creator><creator>Zhao, Ji-ping</creator><creator>Xu, Jia-wei</creator><creator>Zhang, Jin-tao</creator><creator>Dong, Liang</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7707-9982</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210701</creationdate><title>FSTL1 aggravates OVA-induced inflammatory responses by activating the NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway in mice and macrophages</title><author>Wang, Yan ; Zhang, Dong ; Liu, Tian ; Wang, Jun-fei ; Wu, Jin-xiang ; Zhao, Ji-ping ; Xu, Jia-wei ; Zhang, Jin-tao ; Dong, Liang</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-9b0ba65f1cf64143b66a59173324ee59eed610f9c3e32ad4cf559bfaf3ec0f3e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Allergens - immunology</topic><topic>Allergology</topic><topic>Alveoli</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Asthma</topic><topic>Asthma - blood</topic><topic>Asthma - immunology</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid - immunology</topic><topic>Bronchus</topic><topic>Cell Line</topic><topic>Chemical compounds</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Cytokines - immunology</topic><topic>Dermatology</topic><topic>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Follistatin</topic><topic>Follistatin-Related Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Follistatin-Related Proteins - immunology</topic><topic>Furans - pharmacology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypersensitivity</topic><topic>IL-1β</topic><topic>Immunohistochemistry</topic><topic>Immunology</topic><topic>Indenes - pharmacology</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Interleukins</topic><topic>Leucine</topic><topic>Lung - immunology</topic><topic>Macrophages</topic><topic>Macrophages - immunology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred C57BL</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Morbidity</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein - immunology</topic><topic>Nucleotides</topic><topic>Original Research Paper</topic><topic>Ovalbumin</topic><topic>Ovalbumin - immunology</topic><topic>Pharmacology</topic><topic>Pharmacology/Toxicology</topic><topic>Pretreatment</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Respiratory tract</topic><topic>Respiratory tract diseases</topic><topic>Rheumatology</topic><topic>Signal Transduction</topic><topic>Signaling</topic><topic>Sulfonamides - pharmacology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Dong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Tian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Jun-fei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Jin-xiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Ji-ping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Jia-wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Jin-tao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dong, Liang</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health &amp; 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Res</stitle><addtitle>Inflamm Res</addtitle><date>2021-07-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>70</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>777</spage><epage>787</epage><pages>777-787</pages><issn>1023-3830</issn><eissn>1420-908X</eissn><abstract>Objective Asthma, a well-known disease with high morbidity, is characterized by chronic airway inflammation. However, the allergic inflammation mechanisms of follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) have not been elucidated. This study aims to investigate the effects of FSTL1 in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mice and macrophages on nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3)/interleukin-1β (IL-1β) signaling pathway. Methods Mice were randomly divided into control-WT, OVA-WT, control- Fstl1 ± , OVA- Fstl1 ± . Histological changes were assessed by HE and PAS staining. The protein levels of Muc-5AC, FSTL1, NLRP3, and IL-1β in lung tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in mice and human serum samples were detected by ELISA. Then, mice were grouped into control, FSTL1, MCC950 + FSTL1 to further investigate the relationship between FSTL1 and NLRP3/IL-1β. Alveolar macrophage cells (MH-S cells) were separated into control, OVA, FSTL1, OVA + FSTL1, OVA + siNC, OVA + siFSTL1, MCC950, and FSTL1 + MCC950 groups to explore the effect of FSTL1 on the NLRP3/IL-1β signaling. The protein expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β in MH-S cells was detected by Western blot analysis. Results The present results uncovered that Fstl1 ± significantly ameliorated OVA-induced Muc-5AC production and mucus hypersecretion. Fstl1 ± was also found to decrease the production of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory cell infiltration in OVA-induced asthmatic mice. Meanwhile, the serum concentrations of FSTL1 and IL-1β were higher in  asthma subjects than the health subjects, and Fstl1 ± ameliorated the production of NLRP3 and IL-1β in OVA-induced asthmatic mice. Furthermore, mice by injected FSTL1 substantially stimulated the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β, while pretreatment with MCC950 in mice significantly weakened the production of NLRP3 and IL-1β induced by injection FSTL1. Pretreatment with siFSTL1 or MCC950 significantly reduced the production of NLRP3 and IL-1β induced by OVA or FSTL1 in MH-S cells. Conclusions The study results showed that FSTL1 played an important role in allergic airway inflammation by activating NLRP3/IL-1β. Hence, inhibition FSTL1 could be applied as a therapeutic agent against asthma.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>34076707</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00011-021-01475-w</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7707-9982</orcidid></addata></record>
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subjects Aged
Allergens - immunology
Allergology
Alveoli
Animals
Asthma
Asthma - blood
Asthma - immunology
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid - immunology
Bronchus
Cell Line
Chemical compounds
Cytokines
Cytokines - immunology
Dermatology
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Female
Follistatin
Follistatin-Related Proteins - genetics
Follistatin-Related Proteins - immunology
Furans - pharmacology
Humans
Hypersensitivity
IL-1β
Immunohistochemistry
Immunology
Indenes - pharmacology
Inflammation
Interleukins
Leucine
Lung - immunology
Macrophages
Macrophages - immunology
Male
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Middle Aged
Morbidity
Neurology
NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein - immunology
Nucleotides
Original Research Paper
Ovalbumin
Ovalbumin - immunology
Pharmacology
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Pretreatment
Proteins
Respiratory tract
Respiratory tract diseases
Rheumatology
Signal Transduction
Signaling
Sulfonamides - pharmacology
title FSTL1 aggravates OVA-induced inflammatory responses by activating the NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway in mice and macrophages
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