Iodine Intake Estimated by 24 h Urine Collection in the Italian Adult Population: 2008-2012 Survey
Monitoring the population iodine status is essential for iodine deficiency eradication. This study assessed the average dietary iodine intake and the iodine status of a random sample of the Italian general adult population. The study population included 2378 adults aged 35-79 years (1229 men and 114...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nutrients 2021-05, Vol.13 (5), p.1529 |
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| creator | Iacone, Roberto Iaccarino Idelson, Paola Formisano, Pietro Russo, Ornella Lo Noce, Cinzia Donfrancesco, Chiara Macchia, Paolo Emidio Palmieri, Luigi Galeone, Daniela di Lenarda, Andrea Giampaoli, Simona Strazzullo, Pasquale |
| description | Monitoring the population iodine status is essential for iodine deficiency eradication. This study assessed the average dietary iodine intake and the iodine status of a random sample of the Italian general adult population. The study population included 2378 adults aged 35-79 years (1229 men and 1149 women) from all 20 Italian regions, participating in the Osservatorio Epidemiologico Cardiovascolare/Health Examination Survey 2008-2012 (OEC/HES), and were examined for iodine intake in the framework of the MINISAL-GIRCSI Programme. Dietary iodine intake was assessed by the measurement of 24 h urinary iodine excretion. The median daily iodine intake of the whole population was lower (96 µg/d, interquartile range 51-165) than the daily adequate iodine intake according to both EFSA and WHO recommendation (150 µg/d), with a significantly lower value among women (85 µg/d) compared with men (111 µg/d). Iodine intake diminished with age and increased with BMI (body mass index) in male but not in female participants, without achieving the adequate intake in any sex, age, or BMI category. In this random sample of Italian general adult population examined in 2008-2012, iodine intake still remained lower than the recommended values despite the implementation of a strategy of iodoprophylaxis based on salt iodization in 2005. These data represent a valuable reference for future monitoring of iodine status in our country. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/nu13051529 |
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This study assessed the average dietary iodine intake and the iodine status of a random sample of the Italian general adult population. The study population included 2378 adults aged 35-79 years (1229 men and 1149 women) from all 20 Italian regions, participating in the Osservatorio Epidemiologico Cardiovascolare/Health Examination Survey 2008-2012 (OEC/HES), and were examined for iodine intake in the framework of the MINISAL-GIRCSI Programme. Dietary iodine intake was assessed by the measurement of 24 h urinary iodine excretion. The median daily iodine intake of the whole population was lower (96 µg/d, interquartile range 51-165) than the daily adequate iodine intake according to both EFSA and WHO recommendation (150 µg/d), with a significantly lower value among women (85 µg/d) compared with men (111 µg/d). Iodine intake diminished with age and increased with BMI (body mass index) in male but not in female participants, without achieving the adequate intake in any sex, age, or BMI category. In this random sample of Italian general adult population examined in 2008-2012, iodine intake still remained lower than the recommended values despite the implementation of a strategy of iodoprophylaxis based on salt iodization in 2005. These data represent a valuable reference for future monitoring of iodine status in our country.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/nu13051529</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34062834</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Adult ; Adults ; Age ; Aged ; Body mass ; Body Mass Index ; Body size ; Creatinine ; Deficiency Diseases - epidemiology ; Deficiency Diseases - urine ; Dietary intake ; Eating - physiology ; Female ; Food ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Iodine ; Iodine - deficiency ; Iodine - urine ; Italy - epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monitoring ; Nutrition Assessment ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Nutritional Status ; Polls & surveys ; Population ; Population studies ; Salt ; Sex Factors ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; Statistical analysis ; Surveys ; Thyroid gland ; Urine ; Urine Specimen Collection ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>Nutrients, 2021-05, Vol.13 (5), p.1529</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-9f9a3cb5ab064710395ed556254500465516d994d1897035e5e5220f3128b4423</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-9f9a3cb5ab064710395ed556254500465516d994d1897035e5e5220f3128b4423</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4298-2642 ; 0000-0001-7020-6870 ; 0000-0002-8040-5571 ; 0000-0002-2205-5446 ; 0000-0001-6503-6942 ; 0000-0003-3360-3855</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8147380/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8147380/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34062834$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Iacone, Roberto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iaccarino Idelson, Paola</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Formisano, Pietro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Russo, Ornella</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lo Noce, Cinzia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Donfrancesco, Chiara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Macchia, Paolo Emidio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Palmieri, Luigi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Galeone, Daniela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>di Lenarda, Andrea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Giampaoli, Simona</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Strazzullo, Pasquale</creatorcontrib><title>Iodine Intake Estimated by 24 h Urine Collection in the Italian Adult Population: 2008-2012 Survey</title><title>Nutrients</title><addtitle>Nutrients</addtitle><description>Monitoring the population iodine status is essential for iodine deficiency eradication. This study assessed the average dietary iodine intake and the iodine status of a random sample of the Italian general adult population. The study population included 2378 adults aged 35-79 years (1229 men and 1149 women) from all 20 Italian regions, participating in the Osservatorio Epidemiologico Cardiovascolare/Health Examination Survey 2008-2012 (OEC/HES), and were examined for iodine intake in the framework of the MINISAL-GIRCSI Programme. Dietary iodine intake was assessed by the measurement of 24 h urinary iodine excretion. The median daily iodine intake of the whole population was lower (96 µg/d, interquartile range 51-165) than the daily adequate iodine intake according to both EFSA and WHO recommendation (150 µg/d), with a significantly lower value among women (85 µg/d) compared with men (111 µg/d). Iodine intake diminished with age and increased with BMI (body mass index) in male but not in female participants, without achieving the adequate intake in any sex, age, or BMI category. In this random sample of Italian general adult population examined in 2008-2012, iodine intake still remained lower than the recommended values despite the implementation of a strategy of iodoprophylaxis based on salt iodization in 2005. These data represent a valuable reference for future monitoring of iodine status in our country.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Body mass</subject><subject>Body Mass Index</subject><subject>Body size</subject><subject>Creatinine</subject><subject>Deficiency Diseases - epidemiology</subject><subject>Deficiency Diseases - urine</subject><subject>Dietary intake</subject><subject>Eating - physiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Health Surveys</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Iodine</subject><subject>Iodine - deficiency</subject><subject>Iodine - urine</subject><subject>Italy - epidemiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Monitoring</subject><subject>Nutrition Assessment</subject><subject>Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</subject><subject>Nutritional Status</subject><subject>Polls & surveys</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Population studies</subject><subject>Salt</subject><subject>Sex Factors</subject><subject>Sodium Chloride, Dietary</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Surveys</subject><subject>Thyroid gland</subject><subject>Urine</subject><subject>Urine Specimen Collection</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><issn>2072-6643</issn><issn>2072-6643</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpdUVtLHDEUDqWlytaX_oAS6EsRRk-uM9OHwrLYuiAotD6HzEzGjc0m2yQj7L9vhrVqzXlIyHfJ-XIQ-kjgjLEWzv1EGAgiaPsGHVOoaSUlZ29fnI_QSUr3MK8aasneoyPGQdKG8WPUrcNgvcFrn_Vvgy9StludzYC7PaYcb_BtnOFVcM702QaPrcd5UwRZO6s9Xg6Ty_gm7CanZ_wrpgBNRYFQ_HOKD2b_Ab0btUvm5HFfoNvvF79Wl9XV9Y_1anlV9ZyLXLVjq1nfCd2B5DUB1gozCCGp4AKASyGIHNqWD6Rpa2DClKIURkZo03FO2QJ9O_jupm5rht74HLVTu1gSxb0K2qr_EW836i48qIbwmjVQDL48GsTwZzIpq61NvXFOexOmpKhgpTPKJCnUz6-o92GKvsSbWZQ0pC4_vUBnB9addkZZP4bybl9qMFvbB29GW-6XtRSScwK8CE4Pgj6GlKIZn7onoOZxq-dxF_Knl3mfqP-Gy_4C05mgTQ</recordid><startdate>20210501</startdate><enddate>20210501</enddate><creator>Iacone, Roberto</creator><creator>Iaccarino Idelson, Paola</creator><creator>Formisano, Pietro</creator><creator>Russo, Ornella</creator><creator>Lo Noce, Cinzia</creator><creator>Donfrancesco, Chiara</creator><creator>Macchia, Paolo Emidio</creator><creator>Palmieri, Luigi</creator><creator>Galeone, Daniela</creator><creator>di Lenarda, Andrea</creator><creator>Giampaoli, Simona</creator><creator>Strazzullo, Pasquale</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4298-2642</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7020-6870</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8040-5571</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2205-5446</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6503-6942</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3360-3855</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210501</creationdate><title>Iodine Intake Estimated by 24 h Urine Collection in the Italian Adult Population: 2008-2012 Survey</title><author>Iacone, Roberto ; 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This study assessed the average dietary iodine intake and the iodine status of a random sample of the Italian general adult population. The study population included 2378 adults aged 35-79 years (1229 men and 1149 women) from all 20 Italian regions, participating in the Osservatorio Epidemiologico Cardiovascolare/Health Examination Survey 2008-2012 (OEC/HES), and were examined for iodine intake in the framework of the MINISAL-GIRCSI Programme. Dietary iodine intake was assessed by the measurement of 24 h urinary iodine excretion. The median daily iodine intake of the whole population was lower (96 µg/d, interquartile range 51-165) than the daily adequate iodine intake according to both EFSA and WHO recommendation (150 µg/d), with a significantly lower value among women (85 µg/d) compared with men (111 µg/d). Iodine intake diminished with age and increased with BMI (body mass index) in male but not in female participants, without achieving the adequate intake in any sex, age, or BMI category. In this random sample of Italian general adult population examined in 2008-2012, iodine intake still remained lower than the recommended values despite the implementation of a strategy of iodoprophylaxis based on salt iodization in 2005. 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| subjects | Adult Adults Age Aged Body mass Body Mass Index Body size Creatinine Deficiency Diseases - epidemiology Deficiency Diseases - urine Dietary intake Eating - physiology Female Food Health Surveys Humans Iodine Iodine - deficiency Iodine - urine Italy - epidemiology Male Middle Aged Monitoring Nutrition Assessment Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Nutritional Status Polls & surveys Population Population studies Salt Sex Factors Sodium Chloride, Dietary Statistical analysis Surveys Thyroid gland Urine Urine Specimen Collection Womens health |
| title | Iodine Intake Estimated by 24 h Urine Collection in the Italian Adult Population: 2008-2012 Survey |
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