Insulin Therapy: The Discovery That Shaped a Century
The events and people surrounding the discovery of insulin as an effective therapy for diabetes in 1921 represent a compelling story that is directly relevant to the lives, and indeed the existence, of tens of millions of people worldwide. This story begins in the 19th century with the recognition t...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Canadian journal of diabetes 2021-12, Vol.45 (8), p.798-803 |
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Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | The events and people surrounding the discovery of insulin as an effective therapy for diabetes in 1921 represent a compelling story that is directly relevant to the lives, and indeed the existence, of tens of millions of people worldwide. This story begins in the 19th century with the recognition that diabetes is a disease of hyperglycemia that arises because of the absence of a pancreatic hormone, that rapidly leads to death in people classified as having “thin diabetes” and that is linked to serious end-organ damage and other health consequences in people identified as having “fat diabetes.” It continues with the recognition that pancreatic extracts can treat this problem in de-pancreatectomized dogs, and culminates with the dogged determination of a young, newly certified Canadian physician, Frederick Banting. Together with his supervisor, Professor John J.R. MacLeod (head of physiology at the University of Toronto), Banting, Charles H. Best (a physiology student) and James Collip (a professor of biochemistry at the University of Alberta, on sabbatical leave in Toronto) repeated these dog experiments and then successfully tested a purified pancreatic extract in a 13-year-old boy with type 1 diabetes in January 1922. This first successful test was followed by the rapid development and dissemination of the technology for insulin production worldwide. These events and insulin therapy’s lifesaving effects on people with type 1 diabetes led to the awarding of the 1923 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Banting and MacLeod, who shared their awards with Best and Collip.
En 1921, les événements et les gens qui ont mené à la découverte de l’efficacité thérapeutique de l’insuline contre le diabète représentent une histoire fascinante qui touche directement la vie, voire l’existence de dizaines de millions de personnes dans le monde. Cette histoire commence au 19e siècle par la découverte que le diabète est une hyperglycémie provoquée par l’absence d’une hormone pancréatique, qui entraîne rapidement la mort des personnes de la catégorie du « diabète maigre » et qui est liée aux atteintes sérieuses des organes terminaux et aux autres conséquences sur la santé des personnes de la catégorie du « diabète gras ». L’histoire se poursuit par la découverte des extraits pancréatiques qui peuvent permettre de traiter ce problème chez les chiens pancréatectomisés, et atteint son point culminant grâce à l’entêtement d’un jeune médecin canadien nouvellement agréé, Frede |
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ISSN: | 1499-2671 2352-3840 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.jcjd.2021.03.002 |