Norwegian Strategies in the Treatment of Municipal Wastewater towards the Reduction of Nutrient Discharges to the North Sea
The paper deals with a research programme that the Norwegian environmental control authorities have established in order to be able to recommend how the municipal discharges of nutrients to the North Sea may be reduced by 50 % by 1995. The strategy is to ensure phosphorus removal by chemical treatme...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Water science and technology 1991, Vol.24 (10), p.179-186 |
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| container_title | Water science and technology |
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| creator | Odegaard, H Paulsrud, B Bilstad, T Pettersen, JE |
| description | The paper deals with a research programme that the Norwegian environmental control authorities have established in order to be able to recommend how the municipal discharges of nutrients to the North Sea may be reduced by 50 % by 1995. The strategy is to ensure phosphorus removal by chemical treatment for all plants > 5000 pe, and nitrogen removal as well for all plants > 10 000 pe that discharge to the area of influence. One is aiming at compact plants. Pretreatment based on chemical coagulation and biological treatment based on high biomass reactors are investigated experimentally. An economic analysis of using physical/chemical treatment also for the N-removing step is presented. It shows that the physical/chemical methods for N-removal cannot compete economically with the biological methods. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2166/wst.1991.0290 |
| format | Article |
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The strategy is to ensure phosphorus removal by chemical treatment for all plants > 5000 pe, and nitrogen removal as well for all plants > 10 000 pe that discharge to the area of influence. One is aiming at compact plants. Pretreatment based on chemical coagulation and biological treatment based on high biomass reactors are investigated experimentally. An economic analysis of using physical/chemical treatment also for the N-removing step is presented. 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| ispartof | Water science and technology, 1991, Vol.24 (10), p.179-186 |
| issn | 0273-1223 1996-9732 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_25337860 |
| source | Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | Alkalinity Biological treatment Biomass Carbon Chemical coagulation Chemical precipitation Chemical treatment Coagulation Compacts Discharge Economic analysis Economics Effluents Environmental control Industrial research Methods Mineral nutrients Municipal wastewater Nitrogen Nitrogen removal Nutrients Phosphorus Phosphorus removal Plants (botany) Polyethylenes Pretreatment R&D Reactions (chemical) Reactors Removal Research & development Wastewater Wastewater treatment |
| title | Norwegian Strategies in the Treatment of Municipal Wastewater towards the Reduction of Nutrient Discharges to the North Sea |
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