The impact of globalization on the ecological footprint: do convergence clubs matter?
In this paper, we examine the impact of globalization on ecological footprint within the framework of the environmental convergence hypothesis for 130 countries over 1980–2016. To do so, we follow a two-stage empirical procedure. First, we test the overall convergence in ecological footprint across...
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description | In this paper, we examine the impact of globalization on ecological footprint within the framework of the environmental convergence hypothesis for 130 countries over 1980–2016. To do so, we follow a two-stage empirical procedure. First, we test the overall convergence in ecological footprint across countries and identify possible convergence clubs using the nonlinear time-varying factor model developed by Phillips and Sul (
2007
). Then, we perform panel unit-root and panel cointegration tests used under the presence of cross-sectional dependence to analyze the impact of globalization and economic growth on the ecological footprint both for the full panel sample and convergence clubs. Finally, we estimate long-run coefficients using the Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCE-MG) and Augmented Mean Group (AMG) techniques. The club clustering algorithm identifies five convergence clubs, each converging to a different ecological footprint level. The results show cointegration between variables for the full panel sample and two of the five convergence clubs. Furthermore, there is no significant relationship between ecological footprint and globalization, whereas economic growth is significantly and positively related to the ecological footprint for full panel sample and one of the five convergence clubs. In other words, the impact of globalization and economic growth on ecological footprint differs across full panel sample and convergence clubs. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-021-14300-y |
format | Article |
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2007
). Then, we perform panel unit-root and panel cointegration tests used under the presence of cross-sectional dependence to analyze the impact of globalization and economic growth on the ecological footprint both for the full panel sample and convergence clubs. Finally, we estimate long-run coefficients using the Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCE-MG) and Augmented Mean Group (AMG) techniques. The club clustering algorithm identifies five convergence clubs, each converging to a different ecological footprint level. The results show cointegration between variables for the full panel sample and two of the five convergence clubs. Furthermore, there is no significant relationship between ecological footprint and globalization, whereas economic growth is significantly and positively related to the ecological footprint for full panel sample and one of the five convergence clubs. In other words, the impact of globalization and economic growth on ecological footprint differs across full panel sample and convergence clubs.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0944-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14300-y</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Algorithms ; Aquatic Pollution ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Clustering ; Convergence ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecological effects ; Ecological footprint ; Economic analysis ; Economic development ; Economic growth ; Economics ; Ecotoxicology ; Empirical analysis ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Environmental science ; Footprint analysis ; Globalization ; Impact analysis ; Research Article ; Waste Water Technology ; Water Management ; Water Pollution Control</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2021-10, Vol.28 (38), p.53379-53393</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-ea4131e21b1da1e4b8f179818336a1d848c9656cd24c87e7435696accc77b8b23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-ea4131e21b1da1e4b8f179818336a1d848c9656cd24c87e7435696accc77b8b23</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1918-1457 ; 0000-0002-1853-5156 ; 0000-0003-4640-8135</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-021-14300-y$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-021-14300-y$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Apaydin, Şükrü</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ursavaş, Uğur</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koç, Ümit</creatorcontrib><title>The impact of globalization on the ecological footprint: do convergence clubs matter?</title><title>Environmental science and pollution research international</title><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</addtitle><description>In this paper, we examine the impact of globalization on ecological footprint within the framework of the environmental convergence hypothesis for 130 countries over 1980–2016. To do so, we follow a two-stage empirical procedure. First, we test the overall convergence in ecological footprint across countries and identify possible convergence clubs using the nonlinear time-varying factor model developed by Phillips and Sul (
2007
). Then, we perform panel unit-root and panel cointegration tests used under the presence of cross-sectional dependence to analyze the impact of globalization and economic growth on the ecological footprint both for the full panel sample and convergence clubs. Finally, we estimate long-run coefficients using the Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCE-MG) and Augmented Mean Group (AMG) techniques. The club clustering algorithm identifies five convergence clubs, each converging to a different ecological footprint level. The results show cointegration between variables for the full panel sample and two of the five convergence clubs. Furthermore, there is no significant relationship between ecological footprint and globalization, whereas economic growth is significantly and positively related to the ecological footprint for full panel sample and one of the five convergence clubs. In other words, the impact of globalization and economic growth on ecological footprint differs across full panel sample and convergence clubs.</description><subject>Algorithms</subject><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Clustering</subject><subject>Convergence</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecological effects</subject><subject>Ecological footprint</subject><subject>Economic analysis</subject><subject>Economic development</subject><subject>Economic growth</subject><subject>Economics</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Empirical analysis</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Environmental science</subject><subject>Footprint analysis</subject><subject>Globalization</subject><subject>Impact analysis</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>Waste Water 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Ümit</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The impact of globalization on the ecological footprint: do convergence clubs matter?</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle><stitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</stitle><date>2021-10-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>28</volume><issue>38</issue><spage>53379</spage><epage>53393</epage><pages>53379-53393</pages><issn>0944-1344</issn><eissn>1614-7499</eissn><abstract>In this paper, we examine the impact of globalization on ecological footprint within the framework of the environmental convergence hypothesis for 130 countries over 1980–2016. To do so, we follow a two-stage empirical procedure. First, we test the overall convergence in ecological footprint across countries and identify possible convergence clubs using the nonlinear time-varying factor model developed by Phillips and Sul (
2007
). Then, we perform panel unit-root and panel cointegration tests used under the presence of cross-sectional dependence to analyze the impact of globalization and economic growth on the ecological footprint both for the full panel sample and convergence clubs. Finally, we estimate long-run coefficients using the Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCE-MG) and Augmented Mean Group (AMG) techniques. The club clustering algorithm identifies five convergence clubs, each converging to a different ecological footprint level. The results show cointegration between variables for the full panel sample and two of the five convergence clubs. Furthermore, there is no significant relationship between ecological footprint and globalization, whereas economic growth is significantly and positively related to the ecological footprint for full panel sample and one of the five convergence clubs. In other words, the impact of globalization and economic growth on ecological footprint differs across full panel sample and convergence clubs.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s11356-021-14300-y</doi><tpages>15</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1918-1457</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1853-5156</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4640-8135</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Algorithms Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Clustering Convergence Earth and Environmental Science Ecological effects Ecological footprint Economic analysis Economic development Economic growth Economics Ecotoxicology Empirical analysis Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental science Footprint analysis Globalization Impact analysis Research Article Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control |
title | The impact of globalization on the ecological footprint: do convergence clubs matter? |
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