Seasonal variation and sources of carbonaceous species and elements in PM2.5 and PM10 over the eastern Himalaya
The study represents the seasonal characteristics (carbonaceous aerosols and elements) and the contribution of prominent sources of PM 2.5 and PM 10 in the high altitude of the eastern Himalaya (Darjeeling) during August 2018–July 2019. Carbonaceous aerosols [organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (E...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science and pollution research international 2021-10, Vol.28 (37), p.51642-51656 |
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| creator | Sharma, Sudhir Kumar Mukherjee, Sauryadeep Choudhary, Nikki Rai, Akansha Ghosh, Abhinandan Chatterjee, Abhijit Vijayan, Narayanswami Mandal, Tuhin Kumar |
| description | The study represents the seasonal characteristics (carbonaceous aerosols and elements) and the contribution of prominent sources of PM
2.5
and PM
10
in the high altitude of the eastern Himalaya (Darjeeling) during August 2018–July 2019. Carbonaceous aerosols [organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water soluble organic carbon (WSOC)] and elements (Al, Fe, Ti, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Ni, Mo, Cl, P, S, K, Zr, Pb, Na, Mg, Ca, and B) in PM
2.5
and PM
10
were analyzed to estimate their possible sources. The annual concentrations of PM
2.5
and PM
10
were computed as 37±12 μg m
−3
and 58±18 μg m
−3
, respectively. In the present case, total carbonaceous species in PM
2.5
and PM
10
were accounted for 20.6% of PM
2.5
and 18.6% of PM
10
, respectively, whereas trace elements in PM
2.5
and PM
10
were estimated to be 15% of PM
2.5
and 12% of PM
10
, respectively. Monthly and seasonal variations in mass concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols and elements in PM
2.5
and PM
10
were also observed during the observational period. In PM
2.5
, the annual concentrations of POC and SOC were 2.35 ± 1.06 μg m
−3
(66% of OC) and 1.19±0.57 μg m
−3
(34% of OC), respectively, whereas annual average POC and SOC concentrations in PM
10
were 3.18 ± 1.13 μg m
−3
(63% of OC) and 2.05±0.98 μg m
−3
(37% of OC), respectively. The seasonal contribution of POC and SOC were ranging from 55 to 77% and 33 to 45% of OC in PM
2.5
, respectively, whereas in PM
10
, the seasonal contributions of POC and SOC were ranging from 51 to 73% and 37 to 49% of OC, respectively. The positive relationship between OC & EC and OC & WSOC of PM
2.5
and PM
10
during all the seasons (except monsoon in case of PM
10
) indicates their common sources. The enrichment factors (EFs) and significant positive correlation of Al with othe crustal elements (Fe, Ca, Mg, and Ti) of fine and coarse mode aerosols indicate the influence of mineral dust at Darjeeling. Principal component analysis (PCA) resolved the four common sources (biomass burning + fossil fuel combustion (BB + FFC), crustal/soil dust, vehicular emissions (VE), and industrial emissions (IE)) of PM
2.5
and PM
10
in Darjeeling. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-021-14361-z |
| format | Article |
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2.5
and PM
10
in the high altitude of the eastern Himalaya (Darjeeling) during August 2018–July 2019. Carbonaceous aerosols [organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water soluble organic carbon (WSOC)] and elements (Al, Fe, Ti, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Ni, Mo, Cl, P, S, K, Zr, Pb, Na, Mg, Ca, and B) in PM
2.5
and PM
10
were analyzed to estimate their possible sources. The annual concentrations of PM
2.5
and PM
10
were computed as 37±12 μg m
−3
and 58±18 μg m
−3
, respectively. In the present case, total carbonaceous species in PM
2.5
and PM
10
were accounted for 20.6% of PM
2.5
and 18.6% of PM
10
, respectively, whereas trace elements in PM
2.5
and PM
10
were estimated to be 15% of PM
2.5
and 12% of PM
10
, respectively. Monthly and seasonal variations in mass concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols and elements in PM
2.5
and PM
10
were also observed during the observational period. In PM
2.5
, the annual concentrations of POC and SOC were 2.35 ± 1.06 μg m
−3
(66% of OC) and 1.19±0.57 μg m
−3
(34% of OC), respectively, whereas annual average POC and SOC concentrations in PM
10
were 3.18 ± 1.13 μg m
−3
(63% of OC) and 2.05±0.98 μg m
−3
(37% of OC), respectively. The seasonal contribution of POC and SOC were ranging from 55 to 77% and 33 to 45% of OC in PM
2.5
, respectively, whereas in PM
10
, the seasonal contributions of POC and SOC were ranging from 51 to 73% and 37 to 49% of OC, respectively. The positive relationship between OC & EC and OC & WSOC of PM
2.5
and PM
10
during all the seasons (except monsoon in case of PM
10
) indicates their common sources. The enrichment factors (EFs) and significant positive correlation of Al with othe crustal elements (Fe, Ca, Mg, and Ti) of fine and coarse mode aerosols indicate the influence of mineral dust at Darjeeling. Principal component analysis (PCA) resolved the four common sources (biomass burning + fossil fuel combustion (BB + FFC), crustal/soil dust, vehicular emissions (VE), and industrial emissions (IE)) of PM
2.5
and PM
10
in Darjeeling.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0944-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14361-z</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Aerosols ; Aluminum ; Aquatic Pollution ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Biomass burning ; Burning ; Calcium ; Carbon ; Chromium ; Copper ; Dust ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecotoxicology ; Emissions ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Environmental science ; Fossil fuels ; Fuel combustion ; High altitude ; Industrial emissions ; Iron ; Magnesium ; Manganese ; Molybdenum ; Monsoons ; Nickel ; Organic carbon ; Particulate matter ; Principal components analysis ; Research Article ; Seasonal variations ; Titanium ; Trace elements ; Vehicle emissions ; Waste Water Technology ; Water Management ; Water Pollution Control ; Zirconium</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2021-10, Vol.28 (37), p.51642-51656</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c352t-9b334d82bd5e362ede0b99ec64f2c01f1431e85e644b975046248df54c0b9bee3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c352t-9b334d82bd5e362ede0b99ec64f2c01f1431e85e644b975046248df54c0b9bee3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2268-3933</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-021-14361-z$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-021-14361-z$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27922,27923,41486,42555,51317</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sharma, Sudhir Kumar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mukherjee, Sauryadeep</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choudhary, Nikki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rai, Akansha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ghosh, Abhinandan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chatterjee, Abhijit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vijayan, Narayanswami</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mandal, Tuhin Kumar</creatorcontrib><title>Seasonal variation and sources of carbonaceous species and elements in PM2.5 and PM10 over the eastern Himalaya</title><title>Environmental science and pollution research international</title><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</addtitle><description>The study represents the seasonal characteristics (carbonaceous aerosols and elements) and the contribution of prominent sources of PM
2.5
and PM
10
in the high altitude of the eastern Himalaya (Darjeeling) during August 2018–July 2019. Carbonaceous aerosols [organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water soluble organic carbon (WSOC)] and elements (Al, Fe, Ti, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Ni, Mo, Cl, P, S, K, Zr, Pb, Na, Mg, Ca, and B) in PM
2.5
and PM
10
were analyzed to estimate their possible sources. The annual concentrations of PM
2.5
and PM
10
were computed as 37±12 μg m
−3
and 58±18 μg m
−3
, respectively. In the present case, total carbonaceous species in PM
2.5
and PM
10
were accounted for 20.6% of PM
2.5
and 18.6% of PM
10
, respectively, whereas trace elements in PM
2.5
and PM
10
were estimated to be 15% of PM
2.5
and 12% of PM
10
, respectively. Monthly and seasonal variations in mass concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols and elements in PM
2.5
and PM
10
were also observed during the observational period. In PM
2.5
, the annual concentrations of POC and SOC were 2.35 ± 1.06 μg m
−3
(66% of OC) and 1.19±0.57 μg m
−3
(34% of OC), respectively, whereas annual average POC and SOC concentrations in PM
10
were 3.18 ± 1.13 μg m
−3
(63% of OC) and 2.05±0.98 μg m
−3
(37% of OC), respectively. The seasonal contribution of POC and SOC were ranging from 55 to 77% and 33 to 45% of OC in PM
2.5
, respectively, whereas in PM
10
, the seasonal contributions of POC and SOC were ranging from 51 to 73% and 37 to 49% of OC, respectively. The positive relationship between OC & EC and OC & WSOC of PM
2.5
and PM
10
during all the seasons (except monsoon in case of PM
10
) indicates their common sources. The enrichment factors (EFs) and significant positive correlation of Al with othe crustal elements (Fe, Ca, Mg, and Ti) of fine and coarse mode aerosols indicate the influence of mineral dust at Darjeeling. Principal component analysis (PCA) resolved the four common sources (biomass burning + fossil fuel combustion (BB + FFC), crustal/soil dust, vehicular emissions (VE), and industrial emissions (IE)) of PM
2.5
and PM
10
in Darjeeling.</description><subject>Aerosols</subject><subject>Aluminum</subject><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Biomass burning</subject><subject>Burning</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Chromium</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Dust</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Environmental science</subject><subject>Fossil fuels</subject><subject>Fuel combustion</subject><subject>High altitude</subject><subject>Industrial emissions</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Magnesium</subject><subject>Manganese</subject><subject>Molybdenum</subject><subject>Monsoons</subject><subject>Nickel</subject><subject>Organic carbon</subject><subject>Particulate matter</subject><subject>Principal components analysis</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>Seasonal variations</subject><subject>Titanium</subject><subject>Trace elements</subject><subject>Vehicle emissions</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollution 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variation and sources of carbonaceous species and elements in PM2.5 and PM10 over the eastern Himalaya</title><author>Sharma, Sudhir Kumar ; Mukherjee, Sauryadeep ; Choudhary, Nikki ; Rai, Akansha ; Ghosh, Abhinandan ; Chatterjee, Abhijit ; Vijayan, Narayanswami ; Mandal, Tuhin Kumar</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c352t-9b334d82bd5e362ede0b99ec64f2c01f1431e85e644b975046248df54c0b9bee3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Aerosols</topic><topic>Aluminum</topic><topic>Aquatic Pollution</topic><topic>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</topic><topic>Biomass burning</topic><topic>Burning</topic><topic>Calcium</topic><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>Chromium</topic><topic>Copper</topic><topic>Dust</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology</topic><topic>Emissions</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental Chemistry</topic><topic>Environmental Health</topic><topic>Environmental science</topic><topic>Fossil fuels</topic><topic>Fuel combustion</topic><topic>High altitude</topic><topic>Industrial emissions</topic><topic>Iron</topic><topic>Magnesium</topic><topic>Manganese</topic><topic>Molybdenum</topic><topic>Monsoons</topic><topic>Nickel</topic><topic>Organic carbon</topic><topic>Particulate matter</topic><topic>Principal components analysis</topic><topic>Research Article</topic><topic>Seasonal variations</topic><topic>Titanium</topic><topic>Trace elements</topic><topic>Vehicle emissions</topic><topic>Waste Water Technology</topic><topic>Water Management</topic><topic>Water Pollution Control</topic><topic>Zirconium</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sharma, Sudhir Kumar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mukherjee, Sauryadeep</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choudhary, Nikki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rai, Akansha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ghosh, Abhinandan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chatterjee, Abhijit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vijayan, Narayanswami</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mandal, Tuhin Kumar</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (PDF only)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical 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Kumar</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Seasonal variation and sources of carbonaceous species and elements in PM2.5 and PM10 over the eastern Himalaya</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle><stitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</stitle><date>2021-10-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>28</volume><issue>37</issue><spage>51642</spage><epage>51656</epage><pages>51642-51656</pages><issn>0944-1344</issn><eissn>1614-7499</eissn><abstract>The study represents the seasonal characteristics (carbonaceous aerosols and elements) and the contribution of prominent sources of PM
2.5
and PM
10
in the high altitude of the eastern Himalaya (Darjeeling) during August 2018–July 2019. Carbonaceous aerosols [organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water soluble organic carbon (WSOC)] and elements (Al, Fe, Ti, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Ni, Mo, Cl, P, S, K, Zr, Pb, Na, Mg, Ca, and B) in PM
2.5
and PM
10
were analyzed to estimate their possible sources. The annual concentrations of PM
2.5
and PM
10
were computed as 37±12 μg m
−3
and 58±18 μg m
−3
, respectively. In the present case, total carbonaceous species in PM
2.5
and PM
10
were accounted for 20.6% of PM
2.5
and 18.6% of PM
10
, respectively, whereas trace elements in PM
2.5
and PM
10
were estimated to be 15% of PM
2.5
and 12% of PM
10
, respectively. Monthly and seasonal variations in mass concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols and elements in PM
2.5
and PM
10
were also observed during the observational period. In PM
2.5
, the annual concentrations of POC and SOC were 2.35 ± 1.06 μg m
−3
(66% of OC) and 1.19±0.57 μg m
−3
(34% of OC), respectively, whereas annual average POC and SOC concentrations in PM
10
were 3.18 ± 1.13 μg m
−3
(63% of OC) and 2.05±0.98 μg m
−3
(37% of OC), respectively. The seasonal contribution of POC and SOC were ranging from 55 to 77% and 33 to 45% of OC in PM
2.5
, respectively, whereas in PM
10
, the seasonal contributions of POC and SOC were ranging from 51 to 73% and 37 to 49% of OC, respectively. The positive relationship between OC & EC and OC & WSOC of PM
2.5
and PM
10
during all the seasons (except monsoon in case of PM
10
) indicates their common sources. The enrichment factors (EFs) and significant positive correlation of Al with othe crustal elements (Fe, Ca, Mg, and Ti) of fine and coarse mode aerosols indicate the influence of mineral dust at Darjeeling. Principal component analysis (PCA) resolved the four common sources (biomass burning + fossil fuel combustion (BB + FFC), crustal/soil dust, vehicular emissions (VE), and industrial emissions (IE)) of PM
2.5
and PM
10
in Darjeeling.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s11356-021-14361-z</doi><tpages>15</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2268-3933</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0944-1344 |
| ispartof | Environmental science and pollution research international, 2021-10, Vol.28 (37), p.51642-51656 |
| issn | 0944-1344 1614-7499 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2528178246 |
| source | SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Aerosols Aluminum Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Biomass burning Burning Calcium Carbon Chromium Copper Dust Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Emissions Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental science Fossil fuels Fuel combustion High altitude Industrial emissions Iron Magnesium Manganese Molybdenum Monsoons Nickel Organic carbon Particulate matter Principal components analysis Research Article Seasonal variations Titanium Trace elements Vehicle emissions Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control Zirconium |
| title | Seasonal variation and sources of carbonaceous species and elements in PM2.5 and PM10 over the eastern Himalaya |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-13T21%3A03%3A38IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Seasonal%20variation%20and%20sources%20of%20carbonaceous%20species%20and%20elements%20in%20PM2.5%20and%20PM10%20over%20the%20eastern%20Himalaya&rft.jtitle=Environmental%20science%20and%20pollution%20research%20international&rft.au=Sharma,%20Sudhir%20Kumar&rft.date=2021-10-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=37&rft.spage=51642&rft.epage=51656&rft.pages=51642-51656&rft.issn=0944-1344&rft.eissn=1614-7499&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s11356-021-14361-z&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2575165267%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2575165267&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true |