Mothers’ voices and white noise on premature infants’ physiological reactions in a neonatal intensive care unit: A multi-arm randomized controlled trial
A few positive effects of mothers’ voice on physiological outcomes have been studied and limited studies have focused on the level of cortisol. In addition, white noise has recently been found to be beneficial for human sleep, but studies in premature infants were limited and no study has compared t...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of nursing studies 2021-07, Vol.119, p.103934-103934, Article 103934 |
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| container_title | International journal of nursing studies |
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| creator | Liao, Jinhua LIU, Guihua Xie, Namei Wang, Shuo Wu, Taohong Lin, Ying Hu, Rongfang He, Hong-Gu |
| description | A few positive effects of mothers’ voice on physiological outcomes have been studied and limited studies have focused on the level of cortisol. In addition, white noise has recently been found to be beneficial for human sleep, but studies in premature infants were limited and no study has compared the effects of mothers’ voice and white noise on premature infants.
To examine the effects of mothers’ voice and white noise on sleep-wake patterns, salivary cortisol levels, weight gain, heart rate, and oxygen saturation of premature infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
This was a three-group randomized controlled trial. A total of 103 medically stable premature infants in incubators were recruited from the NICU of a women's and children's hospital in China between March and December 2017 and were randomized into three groups: the mothers’ voice group (n = 34), the white noise group (n = 34), and the routine care group (n = 35). Mothers’ voice, white noise, and no voice were provided to the three groups for 20 min at a time, three times a day for four consecutive days. The sound levels of the mothers’ voice and white noise were controlled between 50 and 55 dB. Sleep-wake patterns, salivary cortisol level, and weight were measured at pre-test and post-test whereas heart rate and oxygen saturation were measured every five-minute at 11am, 2pm, 5pm for four-consecutive days.
A group difference was found only in weight gain (p = 0.003), with weight gain in the white noise group being significantly higher than the mothers’ voice group (Z=-3.447, p = 0.001). Significant declines in total sleep time and sleep efficiency and increases in wake time after sleep onset and average awakening time were only found in the routine-care group between the pre-test and post-test (p0.05). A significant increase in oxygen saturation during the 20-min intervention was found in white noise group. Non-significant decreases in the heart rate during the 20-min intervention and salivary cortisol levels at post test were noted in all the three groups.
White noise is more useful for encouraging weight gain in preterm infants compared with mothers’ voices. White noise might be introduced for use in the care of premature infants in NICUs, and more high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.
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| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103934 |
| format | Article |
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To examine the effects of mothers’ voice and white noise on sleep-wake patterns, salivary cortisol levels, weight gain, heart rate, and oxygen saturation of premature infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
This was a three-group randomized controlled trial. A total of 103 medically stable premature infants in incubators were recruited from the NICU of a women's and children's hospital in China between March and December 2017 and were randomized into three groups: the mothers’ voice group (n = 34), the white noise group (n = 34), and the routine care group (n = 35). Mothers’ voice, white noise, and no voice were provided to the three groups for 20 min at a time, three times a day for four consecutive days. The sound levels of the mothers’ voice and white noise were controlled between 50 and 55 dB. Sleep-wake patterns, salivary cortisol level, and weight were measured at pre-test and post-test whereas heart rate and oxygen saturation were measured every five-minute at 11am, 2pm, 5pm for four-consecutive days.
A group difference was found only in weight gain (p = 0.003), with weight gain in the white noise group being significantly higher than the mothers’ voice group (Z=-3.447, p = 0.001). Significant declines in total sleep time and sleep efficiency and increases in wake time after sleep onset and average awakening time were only found in the routine-care group between the pre-test and post-test (p<0.05). No significant differences were found in the salivary cortisol levels, heart rates, and oxygen saturation levels among the three groups (p>0.05). A significant increase in oxygen saturation during the 20-min intervention was found in white noise group. Non-significant decreases in the heart rate during the 20-min intervention and salivary cortisol levels at post test were noted in all the three groups.
White noise is more useful for encouraging weight gain in preterm infants compared with mothers’ voices. White noise might be introduced for use in the care of premature infants in NICUs, and more high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Trial Registration No: ChiCTR-INR-17012755.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0020-7489</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-491X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103934</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33975075</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Awakening ; Circadian rhythm ; Clinical trials ; Heart rate ; Hormones ; Infants ; Intensive care ; Intervention ; Mothers ; Mothers’ voice ; Neonatal care ; Neonatal units ; Newborn babies ; Noise ; Nursing ; Oxygen ; Oxygen saturation ; Physiology ; Premature babies ; Premature birth ; Premature infant ; Salivary cortisol ; Saturation ; Sleep ; Weight ; Weight gain ; White noise ; Women</subject><ispartof>International journal of nursing studies, 2021-07, Vol.119, p.103934-103934, Article 103934</ispartof><rights>2021 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Limited Jul 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c396t-7ee102b03b9a7861c1cdb651c968dee60b3d86c87197d12ac4d6fe8dbd18aba83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c396t-7ee102b03b9a7861c1cdb651c968dee60b3d86c87197d12ac4d6fe8dbd18aba83</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8545-1123</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020748921000754$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,30976,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33975075$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liao, Jinhua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>LIU, Guihua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xie, Namei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Shuo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Taohong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Rongfang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Hong-Gu</creatorcontrib><title>Mothers’ voices and white noise on premature infants’ physiological reactions in a neonatal intensive care unit: A multi-arm randomized controlled trial</title><title>International journal of nursing studies</title><addtitle>Int J Nurs Stud</addtitle><description>A few positive effects of mothers’ voice on physiological outcomes have been studied and limited studies have focused on the level of cortisol. In addition, white noise has recently been found to be beneficial for human sleep, but studies in premature infants were limited and no study has compared the effects of mothers’ voice and white noise on premature infants.
To examine the effects of mothers’ voice and white noise on sleep-wake patterns, salivary cortisol levels, weight gain, heart rate, and oxygen saturation of premature infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
This was a three-group randomized controlled trial. A total of 103 medically stable premature infants in incubators were recruited from the NICU of a women's and children's hospital in China between March and December 2017 and were randomized into three groups: the mothers’ voice group (n = 34), the white noise group (n = 34), and the routine care group (n = 35). Mothers’ voice, white noise, and no voice were provided to the three groups for 20 min at a time, three times a day for four consecutive days. The sound levels of the mothers’ voice and white noise were controlled between 50 and 55 dB. Sleep-wake patterns, salivary cortisol level, and weight were measured at pre-test and post-test whereas heart rate and oxygen saturation were measured every five-minute at 11am, 2pm, 5pm for four-consecutive days.
A group difference was found only in weight gain (p = 0.003), with weight gain in the white noise group being significantly higher than the mothers’ voice group (Z=-3.447, p = 0.001). Significant declines in total sleep time and sleep efficiency and increases in wake time after sleep onset and average awakening time were only found in the routine-care group between the pre-test and post-test (p<0.05). No significant differences were found in the salivary cortisol levels, heart rates, and oxygen saturation levels among the three groups (p>0.05). A significant increase in oxygen saturation during the 20-min intervention was found in white noise group. Non-significant decreases in the heart rate during the 20-min intervention and salivary cortisol levels at post test were noted in all the three groups.
White noise is more useful for encouraging weight gain in preterm infants compared with mothers’ voices. White noise might be introduced for use in the care of premature infants in NICUs, and more high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Trial Registration No: ChiCTR-INR-17012755.</description><subject>Awakening</subject><subject>Circadian rhythm</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Heart rate</subject><subject>Hormones</subject><subject>Infants</subject><subject>Intensive care</subject><subject>Intervention</subject><subject>Mothers</subject><subject>Mothers’ voice</subject><subject>Neonatal care</subject><subject>Neonatal units</subject><subject>Newborn babies</subject><subject>Noise</subject><subject>Nursing</subject><subject>Oxygen</subject><subject>Oxygen saturation</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Premature babies</subject><subject>Premature birth</subject><subject>Premature infant</subject><subject>Salivary cortisol</subject><subject>Saturation</subject><subject>Sleep</subject><subject>Weight</subject><subject>Weight gain</subject><subject>White noise</subject><subject>Women</subject><issn>0020-7489</issn><issn>1873-491X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc-OFCEQh4nRuOPqK2xIvHjpEehuoD252fgvWeNFE2-EhhqnJt0wAj2b9eRrmPh0Pomss-vBiydI5ftVFXyEnHG25ozL57s17sKSclnWgglei-3QdvfIimvVNt3AP98nK8YEa1SnhxPyKOcdY4xrph-Sk7YdVM9UvyI_38eyhZR_ff9BDxEdZGqDp1dbLEBDxAw0BrpPMNuyJKAYNjaUP_h-e50xTvELOjvRBNYVjCFXhFoaIAZbah1DgZDxANTZml8Clhf0nM7LVLCxaaapzoszfgNPXQwlxWmq15LQTo_Jg42dMjy5PU_Jp9evPl68bS4_vHl3cX7ZuHaQpVEAnImRteNglZbccedH2XM3SO0BJBtbr6XTig_Kc2Fd5-UGtB8913a0uj0lz4599yl-XSAXM2N2ME22PmPJRvRC8p7Ljlf06T_oLi4p1O0qpYRQnRJDpeSRcinmnGBj9glnm64NZ-bGn9mZO3_mxp85-qvBs9v2yziD_xu7E1aBl0cA6n8cEJLJDiE48JjAFeMj_m_GbxUvtXY</recordid><startdate>20210701</startdate><enddate>20210701</enddate><creator>Liao, Jinhua</creator><creator>LIU, Guihua</creator><creator>Xie, Namei</creator><creator>Wang, Shuo</creator><creator>Wu, Taohong</creator><creator>Lin, Ying</creator><creator>Hu, Rongfang</creator><creator>He, Hong-Gu</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>ASE</scope><scope>FPQ</scope><scope>K6X</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8545-1123</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210701</creationdate><title>Mothers’ voices and white noise on premature infants’ physiological reactions in a neonatal intensive care unit: A multi-arm randomized controlled trial</title><author>Liao, Jinhua ; LIU, Guihua ; Xie, Namei ; Wang, Shuo ; Wu, Taohong ; Lin, Ying ; Hu, Rongfang ; He, Hong-Gu</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c396t-7ee102b03b9a7861c1cdb651c968dee60b3d86c87197d12ac4d6fe8dbd18aba83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Awakening</topic><topic>Circadian rhythm</topic><topic>Clinical trials</topic><topic>Heart rate</topic><topic>Hormones</topic><topic>Infants</topic><topic>Intensive care</topic><topic>Intervention</topic><topic>Mothers</topic><topic>Mothers’ voice</topic><topic>Neonatal care</topic><topic>Neonatal units</topic><topic>Newborn babies</topic><topic>Noise</topic><topic>Nursing</topic><topic>Oxygen</topic><topic>Oxygen saturation</topic><topic>Physiology</topic><topic>Premature babies</topic><topic>Premature birth</topic><topic>Premature infant</topic><topic>Salivary cortisol</topic><topic>Saturation</topic><topic>Sleep</topic><topic>Weight</topic><topic>Weight gain</topic><topic>White noise</topic><topic>Women</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Liao, Jinhua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>LIU, Guihua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xie, Namei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Shuo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Taohong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Rongfang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Hong-Gu</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>British Nursing Index (BNI) (1985 to Present)</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>International journal of nursing studies</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Liao, Jinhua</au><au>LIU, Guihua</au><au>Xie, Namei</au><au>Wang, Shuo</au><au>Wu, Taohong</au><au>Lin, Ying</au><au>Hu, Rongfang</au><au>He, Hong-Gu</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mothers’ voices and white noise on premature infants’ physiological reactions in a neonatal intensive care unit: A multi-arm randomized controlled trial</atitle><jtitle>International journal of nursing studies</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Nurs Stud</addtitle><date>2021-07-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>119</volume><spage>103934</spage><epage>103934</epage><pages>103934-103934</pages><artnum>103934</artnum><issn>0020-7489</issn><eissn>1873-491X</eissn><abstract>A few positive effects of mothers’ voice on physiological outcomes have been studied and limited studies have focused on the level of cortisol. In addition, white noise has recently been found to be beneficial for human sleep, but studies in premature infants were limited and no study has compared the effects of mothers’ voice and white noise on premature infants.
To examine the effects of mothers’ voice and white noise on sleep-wake patterns, salivary cortisol levels, weight gain, heart rate, and oxygen saturation of premature infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
This was a three-group randomized controlled trial. A total of 103 medically stable premature infants in incubators were recruited from the NICU of a women's and children's hospital in China between March and December 2017 and were randomized into three groups: the mothers’ voice group (n = 34), the white noise group (n = 34), and the routine care group (n = 35). Mothers’ voice, white noise, and no voice were provided to the three groups for 20 min at a time, three times a day for four consecutive days. The sound levels of the mothers’ voice and white noise were controlled between 50 and 55 dB. Sleep-wake patterns, salivary cortisol level, and weight were measured at pre-test and post-test whereas heart rate and oxygen saturation were measured every five-minute at 11am, 2pm, 5pm for four-consecutive days.
A group difference was found only in weight gain (p = 0.003), with weight gain in the white noise group being significantly higher than the mothers’ voice group (Z=-3.447, p = 0.001). Significant declines in total sleep time and sleep efficiency and increases in wake time after sleep onset and average awakening time were only found in the routine-care group between the pre-test and post-test (p<0.05). No significant differences were found in the salivary cortisol levels, heart rates, and oxygen saturation levels among the three groups (p>0.05). A significant increase in oxygen saturation during the 20-min intervention was found in white noise group. Non-significant decreases in the heart rate during the 20-min intervention and salivary cortisol levels at post test were noted in all the three groups.
White noise is more useful for encouraging weight gain in preterm infants compared with mothers’ voices. White noise might be introduced for use in the care of premature infants in NICUs, and more high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Trial Registration No: ChiCTR-INR-17012755.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>33975075</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103934</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8545-1123</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | International journal of nursing studies, 2021-07, Vol.119, p.103934-103934, Article 103934 |
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| source | Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Awakening Circadian rhythm Clinical trials Heart rate Hormones Infants Intensive care Intervention Mothers Mothers’ voice Neonatal care Neonatal units Newborn babies Noise Nursing Oxygen Oxygen saturation Physiology Premature babies Premature birth Premature infant Salivary cortisol Saturation Sleep Weight Weight gain White noise Women |
| title | Mothers’ voices and white noise on premature infants’ physiological reactions in a neonatal intensive care unit: A multi-arm randomized controlled trial |
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