Thyroid nodules in childhood‐onset Hashimoto's thyroiditis: Frequency, risk factors, follow‐up course and genetic alterations of thyroid cancer
Objective We evaluated the frequency, risk factors and the follow‐up outcomes of thyroid nodules, and genetic alterations in thyroid cancer, in youth with childhood‐onset Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) residing in an iodine‐sufficient country. Design A retrospective cohort study. Patients and measuremen...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Clinical endocrinology (Oxford) 2021-10, Vol.95 (4), p.638-648 |
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| creator | Lee, Yun Jeong Cho, Yeon Jin Heo, You Joung Chung, Eun‐Jae Choi, Young Hun Kim, Jong‐Il Park, Young Joo Shin, Choong Ho Lee, Young Ah |
| description | Objective
We evaluated the frequency, risk factors and the follow‐up outcomes of thyroid nodules, and genetic alterations in thyroid cancer, in youth with childhood‐onset Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) residing in an iodine‐sufficient country.
Design
A retrospective cohort study.
Patients and measurements
A total of 213 patients (194 females, mean age 10.6 years at the time of HT diagnosis) were ultrasonographically evaluated. Thyroid nodules were categorized using the Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (K‐TIRADS) and the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR‐TI‐RADS).
Results
Thyroid nodules were detected in 40 (18.8%) patients over a median follow‐up period of 3.4 years, usually after the onset of puberty. A family history of thyroid disease (hazard ratio 2.1, p = .031) was predictive of thyroid nodule detection. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was diagnosed in 9 (4.2% of all and 22.5% of nodule‐positive patients). The malignant nodules had a higher K‐TIRADS or ACR‐TI‐RADS risk level compared with benign nodules (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/cen.14490 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2518226733</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2518226733</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3530-9102e6c8906163f269d6eab5e6147450eaed464ba98869a7b258629e59ddb9493</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kb9uFDEQhy0EIpdAwQsgSxQEKZvY6z9rp0OnhCBF0IR65bVnOQeffdi7iq7jEZB4Q54EwyYUSEwzzTefZuaH0AtKTmmtMwvxlHKuySO0okyKpm2leIxWhBHSECn5ATos5ZYQIhTpnqIDxpTmRKoV-nGz2efkHY7JzQEK9hHbjQ9uk5L7-e17igUmfGXKxm_TlF4XPC0DfvLlHF9m-DpDtPsTnH35gkdjp5TLCR5TCOmuCuYdtmnOBbCJDn-GCJO32IQJspl81eM0PjixNdFCfoaejCYUeH7fj9Cny4ub9VVz_fHd-_Xb68YywUijKWlBWqWJpJKNrdROghkESMo7LggYcFzywWilpDbd0AolWw1COzdortkROl68u5zqFWXqt75YCMFESHPpW0FV_WTHWEVf_YPe1qNi3a5SneC6Zaqr1JuFsjmVkmHsd9lvTd73lPS_k-prUv2fpCr78t44D1twf8mHaCpwtgB3PsD-_6Z-ffFhUf4C4Y2ggQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2575492387</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Thyroid nodules in childhood‐onset Hashimoto's thyroiditis: Frequency, risk factors, follow‐up course and genetic alterations of thyroid cancer</title><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><creator>Lee, Yun Jeong ; Cho, Yeon Jin ; Heo, You Joung ; Chung, Eun‐Jae ; Choi, Young Hun ; Kim, Jong‐Il ; Park, Young Joo ; Shin, Choong Ho ; Lee, Young Ah</creator><creatorcontrib>Lee, Yun Jeong ; Cho, Yeon Jin ; Heo, You Joung ; Chung, Eun‐Jae ; Choi, Young Hun ; Kim, Jong‐Il ; Park, Young Joo ; Shin, Choong Ho ; Lee, Young Ah</creatorcontrib><description>Objective
We evaluated the frequency, risk factors and the follow‐up outcomes of thyroid nodules, and genetic alterations in thyroid cancer, in youth with childhood‐onset Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) residing in an iodine‐sufficient country.
Design
A retrospective cohort study.
Patients and measurements
A total of 213 patients (194 females, mean age 10.6 years at the time of HT diagnosis) were ultrasonographically evaluated. Thyroid nodules were categorized using the Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (K‐TIRADS) and the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR‐TI‐RADS).
Results
Thyroid nodules were detected in 40 (18.8%) patients over a median follow‐up period of 3.4 years, usually after the onset of puberty. A family history of thyroid disease (hazard ratio 2.1, p = .031) was predictive of thyroid nodule detection. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was diagnosed in 9 (4.2% of all and 22.5% of nodule‐positive patients). The malignant nodules had a higher K‐TIRADS or ACR‐TI‐RADS risk level compared with benign nodules (p < .01 for both). Genetic alterations were revealed in 7 (BRAFV600E in 6 and RET‐ERC1 fusion in 1) of the eight available tumour tissue samples. None showed evidence of disease over a median follow‐up period of 3.4 years.
Conclusions
The nodule detection rate was 18.8%, with a 22.5% risk of malignancy among the detected nodules in childhood‐onset HT patients, showing increased risk in those with a family history. Additional large‐scale studies are required to evaluate the usefulness of K‐TIRADS or ACR‐TI‐RADS risk level for the differentiation of paediatric thyroid nodules.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0300-0664</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2265</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/cen.14490</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33894068</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>child ; Childhood ; Children ; Family medical history ; Hashimoto's thyroiditis ; Iodine ; Malignancy ; Nodules ; Papillary thyroid carcinoma ; Puberty ; Risk factors ; Thyroid cancer ; Thyroid diseases ; thyroid nodule ; Thyroiditis ; Tumors ; ultrasonography</subject><ispartof>Clinical endocrinology (Oxford), 2021-10, Vol.95 (4), p.638-648</ispartof><rights>2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd</rights><rights>This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3530-9102e6c8906163f269d6eab5e6147450eaed464ba98869a7b258629e59ddb9493</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3530-9102e6c8906163f269d6eab5e6147450eaed464ba98869a7b258629e59ddb9493</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-9179-1247 ; 0000-0002-3671-6364 ; 0000-0002-8791-0909</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fcen.14490$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fcen.14490$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33894068$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lee, Yun Jeong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cho, Yeon Jin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heo, You Joung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chung, Eun‐Jae</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Young Hun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Jong‐Il</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Young Joo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shin, Choong Ho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Young Ah</creatorcontrib><title>Thyroid nodules in childhood‐onset Hashimoto's thyroiditis: Frequency, risk factors, follow‐up course and genetic alterations of thyroid cancer</title><title>Clinical endocrinology (Oxford)</title><addtitle>Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)</addtitle><description>Objective
We evaluated the frequency, risk factors and the follow‐up outcomes of thyroid nodules, and genetic alterations in thyroid cancer, in youth with childhood‐onset Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) residing in an iodine‐sufficient country.
Design
A retrospective cohort study.
Patients and measurements
A total of 213 patients (194 females, mean age 10.6 years at the time of HT diagnosis) were ultrasonographically evaluated. Thyroid nodules were categorized using the Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (K‐TIRADS) and the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR‐TI‐RADS).
Results
Thyroid nodules were detected in 40 (18.8%) patients over a median follow‐up period of 3.4 years, usually after the onset of puberty. A family history of thyroid disease (hazard ratio 2.1, p = .031) was predictive of thyroid nodule detection. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was diagnosed in 9 (4.2% of all and 22.5% of nodule‐positive patients). The malignant nodules had a higher K‐TIRADS or ACR‐TI‐RADS risk level compared with benign nodules (p < .01 for both). Genetic alterations were revealed in 7 (BRAFV600E in 6 and RET‐ERC1 fusion in 1) of the eight available tumour tissue samples. None showed evidence of disease over a median follow‐up period of 3.4 years.
Conclusions
The nodule detection rate was 18.8%, with a 22.5% risk of malignancy among the detected nodules in childhood‐onset HT patients, showing increased risk in those with a family history. Additional large‐scale studies are required to evaluate the usefulness of K‐TIRADS or ACR‐TI‐RADS risk level for the differentiation of paediatric thyroid nodules.</description><subject>child</subject><subject>Childhood</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Family medical history</subject><subject>Hashimoto's thyroiditis</subject><subject>Iodine</subject><subject>Malignancy</subject><subject>Nodules</subject><subject>Papillary thyroid carcinoma</subject><subject>Puberty</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Thyroid cancer</subject><subject>Thyroid diseases</subject><subject>thyroid nodule</subject><subject>Thyroiditis</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><subject>ultrasonography</subject><issn>0300-0664</issn><issn>1365-2265</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kb9uFDEQhy0EIpdAwQsgSxQEKZvY6z9rp0OnhCBF0IR65bVnOQeffdi7iq7jEZB4Q54EwyYUSEwzzTefZuaH0AtKTmmtMwvxlHKuySO0okyKpm2leIxWhBHSECn5ATos5ZYQIhTpnqIDxpTmRKoV-nGz2efkHY7JzQEK9hHbjQ9uk5L7-e17igUmfGXKxm_TlF4XPC0DfvLlHF9m-DpDtPsTnH35gkdjp5TLCR5TCOmuCuYdtmnOBbCJDn-GCJO32IQJspl81eM0PjixNdFCfoaejCYUeH7fj9Cny4ub9VVz_fHd-_Xb68YywUijKWlBWqWJpJKNrdROghkESMo7LggYcFzywWilpDbd0AolWw1COzdortkROl68u5zqFWXqt75YCMFESHPpW0FV_WTHWEVf_YPe1qNi3a5SneC6Zaqr1JuFsjmVkmHsd9lvTd73lPS_k-prUv2fpCr78t44D1twf8mHaCpwtgB3PsD-_6Z-ffFhUf4C4Y2ggQ</recordid><startdate>202110</startdate><enddate>202110</enddate><creator>Lee, Yun Jeong</creator><creator>Cho, Yeon Jin</creator><creator>Heo, You Joung</creator><creator>Chung, Eun‐Jae</creator><creator>Choi, Young Hun</creator><creator>Kim, Jong‐Il</creator><creator>Park, Young Joo</creator><creator>Shin, Choong Ho</creator><creator>Lee, Young Ah</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-1247</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3671-6364</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8791-0909</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202110</creationdate><title>Thyroid nodules in childhood‐onset Hashimoto's thyroiditis: Frequency, risk factors, follow‐up course and genetic alterations of thyroid cancer</title><author>Lee, Yun Jeong ; Cho, Yeon Jin ; Heo, You Joung ; Chung, Eun‐Jae ; Choi, Young Hun ; Kim, Jong‐Il ; Park, Young Joo ; Shin, Choong Ho ; Lee, Young Ah</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3530-9102e6c8906163f269d6eab5e6147450eaed464ba98869a7b258629e59ddb9493</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>child</topic><topic>Childhood</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Family medical history</topic><topic>Hashimoto's thyroiditis</topic><topic>Iodine</topic><topic>Malignancy</topic><topic>Nodules</topic><topic>Papillary thyroid carcinoma</topic><topic>Puberty</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Thyroid cancer</topic><topic>Thyroid diseases</topic><topic>thyroid nodule</topic><topic>Thyroiditis</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><topic>ultrasonography</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lee, Yun Jeong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cho, Yeon Jin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heo, You Joung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chung, Eun‐Jae</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Young Hun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Jong‐Il</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Young Joo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shin, Choong Ho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Young Ah</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Clinical endocrinology (Oxford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lee, Yun Jeong</au><au>Cho, Yeon Jin</au><au>Heo, You Joung</au><au>Chung, Eun‐Jae</au><au>Choi, Young Hun</au><au>Kim, Jong‐Il</au><au>Park, Young Joo</au><au>Shin, Choong Ho</au><au>Lee, Young Ah</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Thyroid nodules in childhood‐onset Hashimoto's thyroiditis: Frequency, risk factors, follow‐up course and genetic alterations of thyroid cancer</atitle><jtitle>Clinical endocrinology (Oxford)</jtitle><addtitle>Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)</addtitle><date>2021-10</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>95</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>638</spage><epage>648</epage><pages>638-648</pages><issn>0300-0664</issn><eissn>1365-2265</eissn><abstract>Objective
We evaluated the frequency, risk factors and the follow‐up outcomes of thyroid nodules, and genetic alterations in thyroid cancer, in youth with childhood‐onset Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) residing in an iodine‐sufficient country.
Design
A retrospective cohort study.
Patients and measurements
A total of 213 patients (194 females, mean age 10.6 years at the time of HT diagnosis) were ultrasonographically evaluated. Thyroid nodules were categorized using the Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (K‐TIRADS) and the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR‐TI‐RADS).
Results
Thyroid nodules were detected in 40 (18.8%) patients over a median follow‐up period of 3.4 years, usually after the onset of puberty. A family history of thyroid disease (hazard ratio 2.1, p = .031) was predictive of thyroid nodule detection. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was diagnosed in 9 (4.2% of all and 22.5% of nodule‐positive patients). The malignant nodules had a higher K‐TIRADS or ACR‐TI‐RADS risk level compared with benign nodules (p < .01 for both). Genetic alterations were revealed in 7 (BRAFV600E in 6 and RET‐ERC1 fusion in 1) of the eight available tumour tissue samples. None showed evidence of disease over a median follow‐up period of 3.4 years.
Conclusions
The nodule detection rate was 18.8%, with a 22.5% risk of malignancy among the detected nodules in childhood‐onset HT patients, showing increased risk in those with a family history. Additional large‐scale studies are required to evaluate the usefulness of K‐TIRADS or ACR‐TI‐RADS risk level for the differentiation of paediatric thyroid nodules.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>33894068</pmid><doi>10.1111/cen.14490</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-1247</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3671-6364</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8791-0909</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| source | Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | child Childhood Children Family medical history Hashimoto's thyroiditis Iodine Malignancy Nodules Papillary thyroid carcinoma Puberty Risk factors Thyroid cancer Thyroid diseases thyroid nodule Thyroiditis Tumors ultrasonography |
| title | Thyroid nodules in childhood‐onset Hashimoto's thyroiditis: Frequency, risk factors, follow‐up course and genetic alterations of thyroid cancer |
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