Sex Education in the Spotlight: What Is Working? Systematic Review
Adolescence, a period of physical, social, cognitive and emotional development, represents a target population for sexual health promotion and education when it comes to achieving the 2030 Agenda goals for sustainable and equitable societies. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of what i...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of environmental research and public health 2021-03, Vol.18 (5), p.2555, Article 2555 |
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| creator | Lameiras-Fernandez, Maria Martinez-Roman, Rosana Carrera-Fernandez, Maria Victoria Rodriguez-Castro, Yolanda |
| description | Adolescence, a period of physical, social, cognitive and emotional development, represents a target population for sexual health promotion and education when it comes to achieving the 2030 Agenda goals for sustainable and equitable societies. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of what is known about the dissemination and effectiveness of sex education programs and thereby to inform better public policy making in this area. Methodology: We carried out a systematic review based on international scientific literature, in which only peer-reviewed papers were included. To identify reviews, we carried out an electronic search of the Cochrane Database Reviews, ERIC, Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, Scopus and PsycINFO. This paper provides a narrative review of reviews of the literature from 2015 to 2020. Results: 20 reviews met the inclusion criteria (10 in school settings, 9 using digital platforms and 1 blended learning program): they focused mainly on reducing risk behaviors (e.g., VIH/STIs and unwanted pregnancies), whilst obviating themes such as desire and pleasure, which were not included in outcome evaluations. The reviews with the lowest risk of bias are those carried out in school settings and are the ones that most question the effectiveness of sex education programs. Whilst the reviews of digital platforms and blended learning show greater effectiveness in terms of promoting sexual and reproductive health in adolescents (ASRH), they nevertheless also include greater risks of bias. Conclusion: A more rigorous assessment of the effectiveness of sexual education programs is necessary, especially regarding the opportunities offered by new technologies, which may lead to more cost-effective interventions than with in-person programs. Moreover, blended learning programs offer a promising way forward, as they combine the best of face-to-face and digital interventions, and may provide an excellent tool in the new context of the COVID-19 pandemic. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph18052555 |
| format | Article |
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Systematic Review</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</source><source>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2021<img src="https://exlibris-pub.s3.amazonaws.com/fromwos-v2.jpg" /></source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Web of Science - Social Sciences Citation Index – 2021<img src="https://exlibris-pub.s3.amazonaws.com/fromwos-v2.jpg" /></source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Lameiras-Fernandez, Maria ; Martinez-Roman, Rosana ; Carrera-Fernandez, Maria Victoria ; Rodriguez-Castro, Yolanda</creator><creatorcontrib>Lameiras-Fernandez, Maria ; Martinez-Roman, Rosana ; Carrera-Fernandez, Maria Victoria ; Rodriguez-Castro, Yolanda</creatorcontrib><description>Adolescence, a period of physical, social, cognitive and emotional development, represents a target population for sexual health promotion and education when it comes to achieving the 2030 Agenda goals for sustainable and equitable societies. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of what is known about the dissemination and effectiveness of sex education programs and thereby to inform better public policy making in this area. Methodology: We carried out a systematic review based on international scientific literature, in which only peer-reviewed papers were included. To identify reviews, we carried out an electronic search of the Cochrane Database Reviews, ERIC, Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, Scopus and PsycINFO. This paper provides a narrative review of reviews of the literature from 2015 to 2020. Results: 20 reviews met the inclusion criteria (10 in school settings, 9 using digital platforms and 1 blended learning program): they focused mainly on reducing risk behaviors (e.g., VIH/STIs and unwanted pregnancies), whilst obviating themes such as desire and pleasure, which were not included in outcome evaluations. The reviews with the lowest risk of bias are those carried out in school settings and are the ones that most question the effectiveness of sex education programs. Whilst the reviews of digital platforms and blended learning show greater effectiveness in terms of promoting sexual and reproductive health in adolescents (ASRH), they nevertheless also include greater risks of bias. Conclusion: A more rigorous assessment of the effectiveness of sexual education programs is necessary, especially regarding the opportunities offered by new technologies, which may lead to more cost-effective interventions than with in-person programs. Moreover, blended learning programs offer a promising way forward, as they combine the best of face-to-face and digital interventions, and may provide an excellent tool in the new context of the COVID-19 pandemic.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052555</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33806507</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>BASEL: Mdpi</publisher><subject>Access to information ; Adolescent ; Adolescents ; Bias ; Blended learning ; Child development ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; Disease transmission ; Education ; Environmental Sciences ; Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Female ; Health promotion ; High income ; Humans ; Internet access ; Learning ; Learning programs ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine ; Literature reviews ; Medical research ; New technology ; Pandemics ; Pregnancy ; Public policy ; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health ; Reproduction ; Reproductive health ; Review ; Reviews ; Risk management ; Risk reduction ; Risk taking ; SARS-CoV-2 ; School effectiveness ; Science & Technology ; Sex Education ; Sexual behavior ; Sexual health ; Sexuality ; Sexually transmitted diseases ; STD ; Systematic review ; Teenagers ; Young adults</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021-03, Vol.18 (5), p.2555, Article 2555</ispartof><rights>2021. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). 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Systematic Review</title><title>International journal of environmental research and public health</title><addtitle>INT J ENV RES PUB HE</addtitle><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><description>Adolescence, a period of physical, social, cognitive and emotional development, represents a target population for sexual health promotion and education when it comes to achieving the 2030 Agenda goals for sustainable and equitable societies. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of what is known about the dissemination and effectiveness of sex education programs and thereby to inform better public policy making in this area. Methodology: We carried out a systematic review based on international scientific literature, in which only peer-reviewed papers were included. To identify reviews, we carried out an electronic search of the Cochrane Database Reviews, ERIC, Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, Scopus and PsycINFO. This paper provides a narrative review of reviews of the literature from 2015 to 2020. Results: 20 reviews met the inclusion criteria (10 in school settings, 9 using digital platforms and 1 blended learning program): they focused mainly on reducing risk behaviors (e.g., VIH/STIs and unwanted pregnancies), whilst obviating themes such as desire and pleasure, which were not included in outcome evaluations. The reviews with the lowest risk of bias are those carried out in school settings and are the ones that most question the effectiveness of sex education programs. Whilst the reviews of digital platforms and blended learning show greater effectiveness in terms of promoting sexual and reproductive health in adolescents (ASRH), they nevertheless also include greater risks of bias. Conclusion: A more rigorous assessment of the effectiveness of sexual education programs is necessary, especially regarding the opportunities offered by new technologies, which may lead to more cost-effective interventions than with in-person programs. 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Systematic Review</atitle><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle><stitle>INT J ENV RES PUB HE</stitle><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><date>2021-03-04</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>18</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>2555</spage><pages>2555-</pages><artnum>2555</artnum><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><eissn>1660-4601</eissn><abstract>Adolescence, a period of physical, social, cognitive and emotional development, represents a target population for sexual health promotion and education when it comes to achieving the 2030 Agenda goals for sustainable and equitable societies. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of what is known about the dissemination and effectiveness of sex education programs and thereby to inform better public policy making in this area. Methodology: We carried out a systematic review based on international scientific literature, in which only peer-reviewed papers were included. To identify reviews, we carried out an electronic search of the Cochrane Database Reviews, ERIC, Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, Scopus and PsycINFO. This paper provides a narrative review of reviews of the literature from 2015 to 2020. Results: 20 reviews met the inclusion criteria (10 in school settings, 9 using digital platforms and 1 blended learning program): they focused mainly on reducing risk behaviors (e.g., VIH/STIs and unwanted pregnancies), whilst obviating themes such as desire and pleasure, which were not included in outcome evaluations. The reviews with the lowest risk of bias are those carried out in school settings and are the ones that most question the effectiveness of sex education programs. Whilst the reviews of digital platforms and blended learning show greater effectiveness in terms of promoting sexual and reproductive health in adolescents (ASRH), they nevertheless also include greater risks of bias. Conclusion: A more rigorous assessment of the effectiveness of sexual education programs is necessary, especially regarding the opportunities offered by new technologies, which may lead to more cost-effective interventions than with in-person programs. Moreover, blended learning programs offer a promising way forward, as they combine the best of face-to-face and digital interventions, and may provide an excellent tool in the new context of the COVID-19 pandemic.</abstract><cop>BASEL</cop><pub>Mdpi</pub><pmid>33806507</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijerph18052555</doi><tpages>31</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2158-3084</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9196-765X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1122-5585</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9965-2348</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Access to information Adolescent Adolescents Bias Blended learning Child development Coronaviruses COVID-19 Disease transmission Education Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology Female Health promotion High income Humans Internet access Learning Learning programs Life Sciences & Biomedicine Literature reviews Medical research New technology Pandemics Pregnancy Public policy Public, Environmental & Occupational Health Reproduction Reproductive health Review Reviews Risk management Risk reduction Risk taking SARS-CoV-2 School effectiveness Science & Technology Sex Education Sexual behavior Sexual health Sexuality Sexually transmitted diseases STD Systematic review Teenagers Young adults |
| title | Sex Education in the Spotlight: What Is Working? Systematic Review |
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