Investigating T Cell Immunity in Cancer: Achievements and Prospects

T cells play a key role in tumour surveillance, both identifying and eliminating transformed cells. However, as tumours become established they form their own suppressive microenvironments capable of shutting down T cell function, and allowing tumours to persist and grow. To further understand the t...

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Veröffentlicht in:International journal of molecular sciences 2021-03, Vol.22 (6), p.2907
Hauptverfasser: Zeng, Zhen, Chew, Hui Yi, Cruz, Jazmina G, Leggatt, Graham R, Wells, James W
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container_issue 6
container_start_page 2907
container_title International journal of molecular sciences
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creator Zeng, Zhen
Chew, Hui Yi
Cruz, Jazmina G
Leggatt, Graham R
Wells, James W
description T cells play a key role in tumour surveillance, both identifying and eliminating transformed cells. However, as tumours become established they form their own suppressive microenvironments capable of shutting down T cell function, and allowing tumours to persist and grow. To further understand the tumour microenvironment, including the interplay between different immune cells and their role in anti-tumour immune responses, a number of studies from mouse models to clinical trials have been performed. In this review, we examine mechanisms utilized by tumour cells to reduce their visibility to CD8 Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), as well as therapeutic strategies trialled to overcome these tumour-evasion mechanisms. Next, we summarize recent advances in approaches to enhance CAR T cell activity and persistence over the past 10 years, including bispecific CAR T cell design and early evidence of efficacy. Lastly, we examine mechanisms of T cell infiltration and tumour regression, and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of different strategies to investigate T cell function in murine tumour models.
doi_str_mv 10.3390/ijms22062907
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subjects Animal models
Animals
Antigens
Cancer therapies
CD8 antigen
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology
Clinical trials
Cytokines
Cytotoxicity
Dendritic cells
Endoplasmic reticulum
Enzymes
Epigenetics
Gene expression
Growth factors
Humans
Immune system
Immunity
Immunotherapy
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
Metastases
Mice
Microenvironments
Neoplasms - genetics
Neoplasms - immunology
Neoplasms - therapy
Peptides
Review
Shutdowns
T cell receptors
T-Lymphocytes - immunology
T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic - immunology
Transformed cells
Tumor microenvironment
Tumor Microenvironment - immunology
Tumors
Vaccines
Visibility
title Investigating T Cell Immunity in Cancer: Achievements and Prospects
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