The desert green algae Chlorella ohadii thrives at excessively high light intensities by exceptionally enhancing the mechanisms that protect photosynthesis from photoinhibition
SUMMARY Although light is the driving force of photosynthesis, excessive light can be harmful. One of the main processes that limits photosynthesis is photoinhibition, the process of light‐induced photodamage. When the absorbed light exceeds the amount that is dissipated by photosynthetic electron f...
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creator | Levin, Guy Kulikovsky, Sharon Liveanu, Varda Eichenbaum, Benjamin Meir, Ayala Isaacson, Tal Tadmor, Yaakov Adir, Noam Schuster, Gadi |
description | SUMMARY
Although light is the driving force of photosynthesis, excessive light can be harmful. One of the main processes that limits photosynthesis is photoinhibition, the process of light‐induced photodamage. When the absorbed light exceeds the amount that is dissipated by photosynthetic electron flow and other processes, damaging radicals are formed that mostly inactivate photosystem II (PSII). Damaged PSII must be replaced by a newly repaired complex in order to preserve full photosynthetic activity. Chlorella ohadii is a green microalga, isolated from biological desert soil crusts, that thrives under extreme high light and is highly resistant to photoinhibition. Therefore, C. ohadii is an ideal model for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying protection against photoinhibition. Comparison of the thylakoids of C. ohadii cells that were grown under low light versus extreme high light intensities found that the alga employs all three known photoinhibition protection mechanisms: (i) massive reduction of the PSII antenna size; (ii) accumulation of protective carotenoids; and (iii) very rapid repair of photodamaged reaction center proteins. This work elucidated the molecular mechanisms of photoinhibition resistance in one of the most light‐tolerant photosynthetic organisms, and shows how photoinhibition protection mechanisms evolved to marginal conditions, enabling photosynthesis‐dependent life in severe habitats.
Significance Statement
Analysis of the photosynthetic properties of a desert algae that thrive at extreme high light intensities revealed protection from photoinhibition driven by the remarkable enhancement of three protection mechanisms. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1111/tpj.15232 |
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Although light is the driving force of photosynthesis, excessive light can be harmful. One of the main processes that limits photosynthesis is photoinhibition, the process of light‐induced photodamage. When the absorbed light exceeds the amount that is dissipated by photosynthetic electron flow and other processes, damaging radicals are formed that mostly inactivate photosystem II (PSII). Damaged PSII must be replaced by a newly repaired complex in order to preserve full photosynthetic activity. Chlorella ohadii is a green microalga, isolated from biological desert soil crusts, that thrives under extreme high light and is highly resistant to photoinhibition. Therefore, C. ohadii is an ideal model for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying protection against photoinhibition. Comparison of the thylakoids of C. ohadii cells that were grown under low light versus extreme high light intensities found that the alga employs all three known photoinhibition protection mechanisms: (i) massive reduction of the PSII antenna size; (ii) accumulation of protective carotenoids; and (iii) very rapid repair of photodamaged reaction center proteins. This work elucidated the molecular mechanisms of photoinhibition resistance in one of the most light‐tolerant photosynthetic organisms, and shows how photoinhibition protection mechanisms evolved to marginal conditions, enabling photosynthesis‐dependent life in severe habitats.
Significance Statement
Analysis of the photosynthetic properties of a desert algae that thrive at extreme high light intensities revealed protection from photoinhibition driven by the remarkable enhancement of three protection mechanisms.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0960-7412</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-313X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15232</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33725388</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Algae ; Aquatic plants ; Carotenoids ; Carotenoids - metabolism ; Chlorella ; Chlorella - physiology ; Chlorella - radiation effects ; Crusts ; D1 turnover ; Desert soils ; Deserts ; green algae ; Light ; Luminous intensity ; Molecular modelling ; Photoinhibition ; photoprotection ; Photosynthesis ; Photosynthesis - radiation effects ; photosynthetic antenna size ; Photosystem II ; Photosystem II Protein Complex - radiation effects ; Sandy soils ; Thylakoids ; Thylakoids - metabolism ; xanthophyll cycle ; Xanthophylls - metabolism</subject><ispartof>The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology, 2021-06, Vol.106 (5), p.1260-1277</ispartof><rights>2021 Society for Experimental Biology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd</rights><rights>2021 Society for Experimental Biology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd and the Society for Experimental Biology</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3882-f85ddb54530c8607aecfa01d1e8da08c03893e6d99f3d31213608a0a1704f56f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3882-f85ddb54530c8607aecfa01d1e8da08c03893e6d99f3d31213608a0a1704f56f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2766-8409 ; 0000-0001-7999-6354 ; 0000-0002-0539-872X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Ftpj.15232$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Ftpj.15232$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,1433,27924,27925,45574,45575,46409,46833</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33725388$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Levin, Guy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kulikovsky, Sharon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liveanu, Varda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eichenbaum, Benjamin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meir, Ayala</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Isaacson, Tal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tadmor, Yaakov</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adir, Noam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schuster, Gadi</creatorcontrib><title>The desert green algae Chlorella ohadii thrives at excessively high light intensities by exceptionally enhancing the mechanisms that protect photosynthesis from photoinhibition</title><title>The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology</title><addtitle>Plant J</addtitle><description>SUMMARY
Although light is the driving force of photosynthesis, excessive light can be harmful. One of the main processes that limits photosynthesis is photoinhibition, the process of light‐induced photodamage. When the absorbed light exceeds the amount that is dissipated by photosynthetic electron flow and other processes, damaging radicals are formed that mostly inactivate photosystem II (PSII). Damaged PSII must be replaced by a newly repaired complex in order to preserve full photosynthetic activity. Chlorella ohadii is a green microalga, isolated from biological desert soil crusts, that thrives under extreme high light and is highly resistant to photoinhibition. Therefore, C. ohadii is an ideal model for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying protection against photoinhibition. Comparison of the thylakoids of C. ohadii cells that were grown under low light versus extreme high light intensities found that the alga employs all three known photoinhibition protection mechanisms: (i) massive reduction of the PSII antenna size; (ii) accumulation of protective carotenoids; and (iii) very rapid repair of photodamaged reaction center proteins. This work elucidated the molecular mechanisms of photoinhibition resistance in one of the most light‐tolerant photosynthetic organisms, and shows how photoinhibition protection mechanisms evolved to marginal conditions, enabling photosynthesis‐dependent life in severe habitats.
Significance Statement
Analysis of the photosynthetic properties of a desert algae that thrive at extreme high light intensities revealed protection from photoinhibition driven by the remarkable enhancement of three protection mechanisms.</description><subject>Algae</subject><subject>Aquatic plants</subject><subject>Carotenoids</subject><subject>Carotenoids - metabolism</subject><subject>Chlorella</subject><subject>Chlorella - physiology</subject><subject>Chlorella - radiation effects</subject><subject>Crusts</subject><subject>D1 turnover</subject><subject>Desert soils</subject><subject>Deserts</subject><subject>green algae</subject><subject>Light</subject><subject>Luminous intensity</subject><subject>Molecular modelling</subject><subject>Photoinhibition</subject><subject>photoprotection</subject><subject>Photosynthesis</subject><subject>Photosynthesis - radiation effects</subject><subject>photosynthetic antenna size</subject><subject>Photosystem II</subject><subject>Photosystem II Protein Complex - radiation effects</subject><subject>Sandy soils</subject><subject>Thylakoids</subject><subject>Thylakoids - metabolism</subject><subject>xanthophyll cycle</subject><subject>Xanthophylls - metabolism</subject><issn>0960-7412</issn><issn>1365-313X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kcuKFDEUhoMoTju68AUk4EYXNZNLXdJLabwyoIsW3BXp5FRXmlTSJunReisf0dNTowvBLHI44eMj5_yEPOfsiuO5LsfDFW-EFA_Iisu2qSSX3x6SFVu3rOpqLi7Ik5wPjPFOtvVjciFlJxqp1Ir82o5ALWRIhe4TQKDa7zXQzehjAu81jaO2ztEyJncLmepC4aeBnLHzMx3dfqQer0JdKBCyKw6p3XxHHYuLQXvkIIw6GBf2KAI6gcHW5Slji8ZjigUM1jGWmOeATHaZDilOy5sLo9u5s-0peTRon-HZfb0kX9-93W4-VDef33_cvLmpDM4lqkE11u6aupHMqJZ1GsygGbcclNVMGSbVWkJr1-tBWskFro0pzTTvWD007SAvyavFi3_7foJc-sllc95IgHjKvWiYEJwp1SL68h_0EE8J50aqxUXXXVvXSL1eKJNizgmG_pjcpNPcc9afY-wxxv4uRmRf3BtPuwnsX_JPbghcL8AP52H-v6nffvm0KH8DIIqrlg</recordid><startdate>202106</startdate><enddate>202106</enddate><creator>Levin, Guy</creator><creator>Kulikovsky, Sharon</creator><creator>Liveanu, Varda</creator><creator>Eichenbaum, Benjamin</creator><creator>Meir, Ayala</creator><creator>Isaacson, Tal</creator><creator>Tadmor, Yaakov</creator><creator>Adir, Noam</creator><creator>Schuster, Gadi</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2766-8409</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7999-6354</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0539-872X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202106</creationdate><title>The desert green algae Chlorella ohadii thrives at excessively high light intensities by exceptionally enhancing the mechanisms that protect photosynthesis from photoinhibition</title><author>Levin, Guy ; Kulikovsky, Sharon ; Liveanu, Varda ; Eichenbaum, Benjamin ; Meir, Ayala ; Isaacson, Tal ; Tadmor, Yaakov ; Adir, Noam ; Schuster, Gadi</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3882-f85ddb54530c8607aecfa01d1e8da08c03893e6d99f3d31213608a0a1704f56f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Algae</topic><topic>Aquatic plants</topic><topic>Carotenoids</topic><topic>Carotenoids - metabolism</topic><topic>Chlorella</topic><topic>Chlorella - physiology</topic><topic>Chlorella - radiation effects</topic><topic>Crusts</topic><topic>D1 turnover</topic><topic>Desert soils</topic><topic>Deserts</topic><topic>green algae</topic><topic>Light</topic><topic>Luminous intensity</topic><topic>Molecular modelling</topic><topic>Photoinhibition</topic><topic>photoprotection</topic><topic>Photosynthesis</topic><topic>Photosynthesis - radiation effects</topic><topic>photosynthetic antenna size</topic><topic>Photosystem II</topic><topic>Photosystem II Protein Complex - radiation effects</topic><topic>Sandy soils</topic><topic>Thylakoids</topic><topic>Thylakoids - metabolism</topic><topic>xanthophyll cycle</topic><topic>Xanthophylls - metabolism</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Levin, Guy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kulikovsky, Sharon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liveanu, Varda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eichenbaum, Benjamin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meir, Ayala</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Isaacson, Tal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tadmor, Yaakov</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adir, Noam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schuster, Gadi</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Levin, Guy</au><au>Kulikovsky, Sharon</au><au>Liveanu, Varda</au><au>Eichenbaum, Benjamin</au><au>Meir, Ayala</au><au>Isaacson, Tal</au><au>Tadmor, Yaakov</au><au>Adir, Noam</au><au>Schuster, Gadi</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The desert green algae Chlorella ohadii thrives at excessively high light intensities by exceptionally enhancing the mechanisms that protect photosynthesis from photoinhibition</atitle><jtitle>The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology</jtitle><addtitle>Plant J</addtitle><date>2021-06</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>106</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1260</spage><epage>1277</epage><pages>1260-1277</pages><issn>0960-7412</issn><eissn>1365-313X</eissn><abstract>SUMMARY
Although light is the driving force of photosynthesis, excessive light can be harmful. One of the main processes that limits photosynthesis is photoinhibition, the process of light‐induced photodamage. When the absorbed light exceeds the amount that is dissipated by photosynthetic electron flow and other processes, damaging radicals are formed that mostly inactivate photosystem II (PSII). Damaged PSII must be replaced by a newly repaired complex in order to preserve full photosynthetic activity. Chlorella ohadii is a green microalga, isolated from biological desert soil crusts, that thrives under extreme high light and is highly resistant to photoinhibition. Therefore, C. ohadii is an ideal model for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying protection against photoinhibition. Comparison of the thylakoids of C. ohadii cells that were grown under low light versus extreme high light intensities found that the alga employs all three known photoinhibition protection mechanisms: (i) massive reduction of the PSII antenna size; (ii) accumulation of protective carotenoids; and (iii) very rapid repair of photodamaged reaction center proteins. This work elucidated the molecular mechanisms of photoinhibition resistance in one of the most light‐tolerant photosynthetic organisms, and shows how photoinhibition protection mechanisms evolved to marginal conditions, enabling photosynthesis‐dependent life in severe habitats.
Significance Statement
Analysis of the photosynthetic properties of a desert algae that thrive at extreme high light intensities revealed protection from photoinhibition driven by the remarkable enhancement of three protection mechanisms.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>33725388</pmid><doi>10.1111/tpj.15232</doi><tpages>18</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2766-8409</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7999-6354</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0539-872X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Algae Aquatic plants Carotenoids Carotenoids - metabolism Chlorella Chlorella - physiology Chlorella - radiation effects Crusts D1 turnover Desert soils Deserts green algae Light Luminous intensity Molecular modelling Photoinhibition photoprotection Photosynthesis Photosynthesis - radiation effects photosynthetic antenna size Photosystem II Photosystem II Protein Complex - radiation effects Sandy soils Thylakoids Thylakoids - metabolism xanthophyll cycle Xanthophylls - metabolism |
title | The desert green algae Chlorella ohadii thrives at excessively high light intensities by exceptionally enhancing the mechanisms that protect photosynthesis from photoinhibition |
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