Associations between salivary cytokines and periodontal and microbiological parameters in orthodontic patients
Orthodontic treatment can lead to microbial-induced gingival inflammation and aseptic periodontal inflammations. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between salivary pro-inflammatory cytokines levels with gingival health status and oral microbe loads among patients undergoing o...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Medicine (Baltimore) 2021-03, Vol.100 (10), p.e24924-e24924 |
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| creator | Chen, Yong Wong, Wing Kit Seneviratne, Jayampath C. Huang, Shuying McGrath, Colman Hagg, Urban |
| description | Orthodontic treatment can lead to microbial-induced gingival inflammation and aseptic periodontal inflammations. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between salivary pro-inflammatory cytokines levels with gingival health status and oral microbe loads among patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.The present investigation was a cross-sectional study among a sample of 111 consecutive orthodontic patients (mean age 18.4 ± 4.4 years). Clinical examinations were conducted to assess the gingival health status employing the Modified Gingival Index, Gingival Bleeding Index, and Plaque Index. Salivary microbiological assessments of total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria count, streptococci count, and lactobacilli count were undertaken. Saliva immunological assessments included Interleukin-1Beta (IL-1β) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) ELISA assays.The mean ± standard deviation of salivary IL-1β was 83.52 ± 85.62 pg/ml and MIF was 4.12 ± 0.96 ng/ml. Moderate positive correlations were found between salivary IL-1β levels and total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria count, streptococci count, and lactobacilli count (r = 0.380-0.446, P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1097/MD.0000000000024924 |
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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between salivary pro-inflammatory cytokines levels with gingival health status and oral microbe loads among patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.The present investigation was a cross-sectional study among a sample of 111 consecutive orthodontic patients (mean age 18.4 ± 4.4 years). Clinical examinations were conducted to assess the gingival health status employing the Modified Gingival Index, Gingival Bleeding Index, and Plaque Index. Salivary microbiological assessments of total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria count, streptococci count, and lactobacilli count were undertaken. Saliva immunological assessments included Interleukin-1Beta (IL-1β) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) ELISA assays.The mean ± standard deviation of salivary IL-1β was 83.52 ± 85.62 pg/ml and MIF was 4.12 ± 0.96 ng/ml. Moderate positive correlations were found between salivary IL-1β levels and total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria count, streptococci count, and lactobacilli count (r = 0.380-0.446, P < .001), and weak positive correlations between salivary MIF levels and total salivary aerobic and anaerobic bacteria counts (r = 0.249-0.306, P < .01) were observed. A positive correlation was found between salivary IL-1β levels and Bleeding Index (r = 0.216, P < .05).The level of salivary IL-1β positively correlates with oral bacterial load among orthodontic patients; the relationship between inflammatory cytokines and oral microflora deserved further study.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0025-7974</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1536-5964</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000024924</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33725852</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Bacterial Load ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Gingiva - immunology ; Gingiva - microbiology ; Gingivitis - diagnosis ; Gingivitis - immunology ; Gingivitis - microbiology ; Gingivitis - prevention & control ; Humans ; Interleukin-1beta - analysis ; Interleukin-1beta - immunology ; Intramolecular Oxidoreductases - analysis ; Intramolecular Oxidoreductases - immunology ; Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors - analysis ; Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors - immunology ; Male ; Microbiota - immunology ; Mouthwashes - administration & dosage ; Observational Study ; Orthodontic Appliances - adverse effects ; Saliva - chemistry ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Medicine (Baltimore), 2021-03, Vol.100 (10), p.e24924-e24924</ispartof><rights>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5166-136a14a83cce806b4494bd1c473866157ad42f087fb3827a3d2f06043cb7e44f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5166-136a14a83cce806b4494bd1c473866157ad42f087fb3827a3d2f06043cb7e44f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8337-4873</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7969212/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7969212/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,865,886,27926,27927,53793,53795</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33725852$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chen, Yong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Wing Kit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seneviratne, Jayampath C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Shuying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McGrath, Colman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hagg, Urban</creatorcontrib><title>Associations between salivary cytokines and periodontal and microbiological parameters in orthodontic patients</title><title>Medicine (Baltimore)</title><addtitle>Medicine (Baltimore)</addtitle><description>Orthodontic treatment can lead to microbial-induced gingival inflammation and aseptic periodontal inflammations. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between salivary pro-inflammatory cytokines levels with gingival health status and oral microbe loads among patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.The present investigation was a cross-sectional study among a sample of 111 consecutive orthodontic patients (mean age 18.4 ± 4.4 years). Clinical examinations were conducted to assess the gingival health status employing the Modified Gingival Index, Gingival Bleeding Index, and Plaque Index. Salivary microbiological assessments of total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria count, streptococci count, and lactobacilli count were undertaken. Saliva immunological assessments included Interleukin-1Beta (IL-1β) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) ELISA assays.The mean ± standard deviation of salivary IL-1β was 83.52 ± 85.62 pg/ml and MIF was 4.12 ± 0.96 ng/ml. Moderate positive correlations were found between salivary IL-1β levels and total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria count, streptococci count, and lactobacilli count (r = 0.380-0.446, P < .001), and weak positive correlations between salivary MIF levels and total salivary aerobic and anaerobic bacteria counts (r = 0.249-0.306, P < .01) were observed. A positive correlation was found between salivary IL-1β levels and Bleeding Index (r = 0.216, P < .05).The level of salivary IL-1β positively correlates with oral bacterial load among orthodontic patients; the relationship between inflammatory cytokines and oral microflora deserved further study.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Bacterial Load</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gingiva - immunology</subject><subject>Gingiva - microbiology</subject><subject>Gingivitis - diagnosis</subject><subject>Gingivitis - immunology</subject><subject>Gingivitis - microbiology</subject><subject>Gingivitis - prevention & control</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Interleukin-1beta - analysis</subject><subject>Interleukin-1beta - immunology</subject><subject>Intramolecular Oxidoreductases - analysis</subject><subject>Intramolecular Oxidoreductases - immunology</subject><subject>Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors - analysis</subject><subject>Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors - immunology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Microbiota - immunology</subject><subject>Mouthwashes - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Observational Study</subject><subject>Orthodontic Appliances - adverse effects</subject><subject>Saliva - chemistry</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0025-7974</issn><issn>1536-5964</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdUctOHDEQtCKisIF8ARKaI5chfnvmEglBXhIol3C2PJ4e1uCxN7aXFX8f7y6BJL60urq6qt2N0AnB5wT36uPN1Tl-fZT3lL9BCyKYbEUv-QFaVFS0qlf8EL3P-R5jwhTl79Ahq1F0gi5QuMg5WmeKiyE3A5QNQGiy8e7RpKfGPpX44ALkxoSxWUFycYyhGL_LZ2dTHFz08c7Ziq1MMjMUSLlxoYmpLHdsZ2ulOAglH6O3k_EZPjzHI3T75fPPy2_t9Y-v3y8vrlsriJQtYdIQbjpmLXRYDpz3fBiJ5Yp1UhKhzMjphDs1DayjyrCxZhJzZgcFnE_sCH3a667Wwwyjrd7JeL1Kbq7f0tE4_W8luKW-i49a9bKnhFaBs2eBFH-tIRc9u2zBexMgrrOmAlO6teSVyvbUuoycE0wvNgTr7aX0zZX-_1K16_TvCV96_pymEviesIl-u9IHv95A0kswvix3ekL1tKWYEswIxW1FuGS_AT1noVw</recordid><startdate>20210312</startdate><enddate>20210312</enddate><creator>Chen, Yong</creator><creator>Wong, Wing Kit</creator><creator>Seneviratne, Jayampath C.</creator><creator>Huang, Shuying</creator><creator>McGrath, Colman</creator><creator>Hagg, Urban</creator><general>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8337-4873</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210312</creationdate><title>Associations between salivary cytokines and periodontal and microbiological parameters in orthodontic patients</title><author>Chen, Yong ; Wong, Wing Kit ; Seneviratne, Jayampath C. ; Huang, Shuying ; McGrath, Colman ; Hagg, Urban</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5166-136a14a83cce806b4494bd1c473866157ad42f087fb3827a3d2f06043cb7e44f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Bacterial Load</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gingiva - immunology</topic><topic>Gingiva - microbiology</topic><topic>Gingivitis - diagnosis</topic><topic>Gingivitis - immunology</topic><topic>Gingivitis - microbiology</topic><topic>Gingivitis - prevention & control</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Interleukin-1beta - analysis</topic><topic>Interleukin-1beta - immunology</topic><topic>Intramolecular Oxidoreductases - analysis</topic><topic>Intramolecular Oxidoreductases - immunology</topic><topic>Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors - analysis</topic><topic>Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors - immunology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Microbiota - immunology</topic><topic>Mouthwashes - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Observational Study</topic><topic>Orthodontic Appliances - adverse effects</topic><topic>Saliva - chemistry</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chen, Yong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Wing Kit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seneviratne, Jayampath C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Shuying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McGrath, Colman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hagg, Urban</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Medicine (Baltimore)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chen, Yong</au><au>Wong, Wing Kit</au><au>Seneviratne, Jayampath C.</au><au>Huang, Shuying</au><au>McGrath, Colman</au><au>Hagg, Urban</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Associations between salivary cytokines and periodontal and microbiological parameters in orthodontic patients</atitle><jtitle>Medicine (Baltimore)</jtitle><addtitle>Medicine (Baltimore)</addtitle><date>2021-03-12</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>100</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>e24924</spage><epage>e24924</epage><pages>e24924-e24924</pages><issn>0025-7974</issn><eissn>1536-5964</eissn><abstract>Orthodontic treatment can lead to microbial-induced gingival inflammation and aseptic periodontal inflammations. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between salivary pro-inflammatory cytokines levels with gingival health status and oral microbe loads among patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.The present investigation was a cross-sectional study among a sample of 111 consecutive orthodontic patients (mean age 18.4 ± 4.4 years). Clinical examinations were conducted to assess the gingival health status employing the Modified Gingival Index, Gingival Bleeding Index, and Plaque Index. Salivary microbiological assessments of total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria count, streptococci count, and lactobacilli count were undertaken. Saliva immunological assessments included Interleukin-1Beta (IL-1β) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) ELISA assays.The mean ± standard deviation of salivary IL-1β was 83.52 ± 85.62 pg/ml and MIF was 4.12 ± 0.96 ng/ml. Moderate positive correlations were found between salivary IL-1β levels and total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria count, streptococci count, and lactobacilli count (r = 0.380-0.446, P < .001), and weak positive correlations between salivary MIF levels and total salivary aerobic and anaerobic bacteria counts (r = 0.249-0.306, P < .01) were observed. A positive correlation was found between salivary IL-1β levels and Bleeding Index (r = 0.216, P < .05).The level of salivary IL-1β positively correlates with oral bacterial load among orthodontic patients; the relationship between inflammatory cytokines and oral microflora deserved further study.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</pub><pmid>33725852</pmid><doi>10.1097/MD.0000000000024924</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8337-4873</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Wolters Kluwer Open Health; IngentaConnect Free/Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Adolescent Bacterial Load Cross-Sectional Studies Female Gingiva - immunology Gingiva - microbiology Gingivitis - diagnosis Gingivitis - immunology Gingivitis - microbiology Gingivitis - prevention & control Humans Interleukin-1beta - analysis Interleukin-1beta - immunology Intramolecular Oxidoreductases - analysis Intramolecular Oxidoreductases - immunology Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors - analysis Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors - immunology Male Microbiota - immunology Mouthwashes - administration & dosage Observational Study Orthodontic Appliances - adverse effects Saliva - chemistry Young Adult |
| title | Associations between salivary cytokines and periodontal and microbiological parameters in orthodontic patients |
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