The complex relationship between infertility and psychological distress (Review)
Infertility is defined as the inability to procreate, or carry or deliver a baby naturally. The majority of specialists describe infertility as being unable to get pregnant after having tried for at least one year. The relationship between infertility and psychological stress is complex. On the one...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Experimental and therapeutic medicine 2021-04, Vol.21 (4), p.306, Article 306 |
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| creator | Simionescu, Gabriela Doroftei, Bogdan Maftei, Radu Obreja, Bianca-Elena Anton, Emil Grab, Delia Ilea, Ciprian Anton, Carmen |
| description | Infertility is defined as the inability to procreate, or carry or deliver a baby naturally. The majority of specialists describe infertility as being unable to get pregnant after having tried for at least one year. The relationship between infertility and psychological stress is complex. On the one hand, infertile couples are subject to greater stress and have a greater risk of developing psychological disorders compared with normal, healthy couples. On the other hand, high levels of psychological distress have been indicated to increase infertility. Therefore, in the present review, the main factors that may lead to increased stress in couples who try to conceive, psychological stress as the reason for infertility, and the therapies that can help decrease psychological distress and increase chances of pregnancy are underlined. In addition to the psychological side effects that may occur from infertility itself, a range of other side effects can be caused by hormones and drugs used to treat infertility. Additionally, problem during erection and ejaculation can cause of psychological distress, which can lead to infertility among men. Psychotherapy is the main intervention recommended for couples who suffer from any form of infertility. Ideally, counselling should begin before patients start any medical intervention to help with their infertility. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3892/etm.2021.9737 |
| format | Article |
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The majority of specialists describe infertility as being unable to get pregnant after having tried for at least one year. The relationship between infertility and psychological stress is complex. On the one hand, infertile couples are subject to greater stress and have a greater risk of developing psychological disorders compared with normal, healthy couples. On the other hand, high levels of psychological distress have been indicated to increase infertility. Therefore, in the present review, the main factors that may lead to increased stress in couples who try to conceive, psychological stress as the reason for infertility, and the therapies that can help decrease psychological distress and increase chances of pregnancy are underlined. In addition to the psychological side effects that may occur from infertility itself, a range of other side effects can be caused by hormones and drugs used to treat infertility. 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Ideally, counselling should begin before patients start any medical intervention to help with their infertility.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1792-0981</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1792-1015</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9737</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33717249</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>ATHENS: Spandidos Publ Ltd</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Anxiety ; Care and treatment ; Couples ; Erectile dysfunction ; Families & family life ; Fear & phobias ; Fertility ; Infertility ; Insurance coverage ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine ; Medicine, Research & Experimental ; Mental depression ; Mental disorders ; Miscarriage ; Ovulation ; Pregnancy ; Psychological aspects ; Research & Experimental Medicine ; Review ; Risk factors ; Science & Technology ; Self esteem ; Social aspects ; Sperm ; Stress ; Stress (Psychology) ; Women]]></subject><ispartof>Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 2021-04, Vol.21 (4), p.306, Article 306</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2020, Spandidos Publications.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Spandidos Publications</rights><rights>Copyright Spandidos Publications UK Ltd. 2021</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020, Spandidos Publications 2020</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>53</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000618941400001</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c412t-e60a6fc0d3d9297bdd63472f73cfdbeb9ddeb106471277da9c9666c8f4a5740a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c412t-e60a6fc0d3d9297bdd63472f73cfdbeb9ddeb106471277da9c9666c8f4a5740a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6618-141X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7885086/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7885086/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,729,782,786,887,27931,27932,39264,39265,53798,53800</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33717249$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Simionescu, Gabriela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doroftei, Bogdan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maftei, Radu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Obreja, Bianca-Elena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anton, Emil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grab, Delia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ilea, Ciprian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anton, Carmen</creatorcontrib><title>The complex relationship between infertility and psychological distress (Review)</title><title>Experimental and therapeutic medicine</title><addtitle>EXP THER MED</addtitle><addtitle>Exp Ther Med</addtitle><description>Infertility is defined as the inability to procreate, or carry or deliver a baby naturally. The majority of specialists describe infertility as being unable to get pregnant after having tried for at least one year. The relationship between infertility and psychological stress is complex. On the one hand, infertile couples are subject to greater stress and have a greater risk of developing psychological disorders compared with normal, healthy couples. On the other hand, high levels of psychological distress have been indicated to increase infertility. Therefore, in the present review, the main factors that may lead to increased stress in couples who try to conceive, psychological stress as the reason for infertility, and the therapies that can help decrease psychological distress and increase chances of pregnancy are underlined. In addition to the psychological side effects that may occur from infertility itself, a range of other side effects can be caused by hormones and drugs used to treat infertility. Additionally, problem during erection and ejaculation can cause of psychological distress, which can lead to infertility among men. Psychotherapy is the main intervention recommended for couples who suffer from any form of infertility. Ideally, counselling should begin before patients start any medical intervention to help with their infertility.</description><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Couples</subject><subject>Erectile dysfunction</subject><subject>Families & family life</subject><subject>Fear & phobias</subject><subject>Fertility</subject><subject>Infertility</subject><subject>Insurance coverage</subject><subject>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</subject><subject>Medicine, Research & Experimental</subject><subject>Mental depression</subject><subject>Mental disorders</subject><subject>Miscarriage</subject><subject>Ovulation</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Psychological aspects</subject><subject>Research & Experimental Medicine</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Self esteem</subject><subject>Social aspects</subject><subject>Sperm</subject><subject>Stress</subject><subject>Stress (Psychology)</subject><subject>Women</subject><issn>1792-0981</issn><issn>1792-1015</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>GIZIO</sourceid><sourceid>HGBXW</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkkFvFCEYhidGY5vao1cziZc2ZlZgBhguJs1GW5MmGlPPhIFvdmlmYAWm6_57GXddrfEgHCDw8BI-nqJ4idGibgV5C2lcEETwQvCaPylOMRekwgjTp4c5Ei0-Kc5jvEe5UYbblj4vTuqaY04acVp8vltDqf24GeB7GWBQyXoX13ZTdpC2AK60roeQ7GDTrlTOlJu402s_-JXVaiiNjSlAjOXFF3iwsL18UTzr1RDh_DCeFV8_vL9b3lS3n64_Lq9uK91gkipgSLFeI1MbQQTvjGF1w0nPa92bDjphDHQYsYZjwrlRQgvGmG77RlHeIFWfFe_2uZupG8FocCmoQW6CHVXYSa-sfLzj7Fqu_IPkuQSoZTng4hAQ_LcJYpKjjRqGQTnwU5SEItzwlqAZff0Xeu-n4PLzZgoRyhkVv6mVGkDmsvl8r55D5RWjtCUtpXPW4h9U7gZGq72D3ub1Rweq_QEdfIwB-uMbMZKzBTJbIGcL5GxB5l_9WZgj_evPM_BmD2yh833UFpyGI5Y1yZaIBjezMTjT7f_TS5t-CrT0k0v1D3aRzjU</recordid><startdate>20210401</startdate><enddate>20210401</enddate><creator>Simionescu, Gabriela</creator><creator>Doroftei, Bogdan</creator><creator>Maftei, Radu</creator><creator>Obreja, Bianca-Elena</creator><creator>Anton, Emil</creator><creator>Grab, Delia</creator><creator>Ilea, Ciprian</creator><creator>Anton, Carmen</creator><general>Spandidos Publ Ltd</general><general>Spandidos Publications</general><general>Spandidos Publications UK Ltd</general><general>D.A. 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The majority of specialists describe infertility as being unable to get pregnant after having tried for at least one year. The relationship between infertility and psychological stress is complex. On the one hand, infertile couples are subject to greater stress and have a greater risk of developing psychological disorders compared with normal, healthy couples. On the other hand, high levels of psychological distress have been indicated to increase infertility. Therefore, in the present review, the main factors that may lead to increased stress in couples who try to conceive, psychological stress as the reason for infertility, and the therapies that can help decrease psychological distress and increase chances of pregnancy are underlined. In addition to the psychological side effects that may occur from infertility itself, a range of other side effects can be caused by hormones and drugs used to treat infertility. Additionally, problem during erection and ejaculation can cause of psychological distress, which can lead to infertility among men. Psychotherapy is the main intervention recommended for couples who suffer from any form of infertility. Ideally, counselling should begin before patients start any medical intervention to help with their infertility.</abstract><cop>ATHENS</cop><pub>Spandidos Publ Ltd</pub><pmid>33717249</pmid><doi>10.3892/etm.2021.9737</doi><tpages>6</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6618-141X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Anxiety Care and treatment Couples Erectile dysfunction Families & family life Fear & phobias Fertility Infertility Insurance coverage Life Sciences & Biomedicine Medicine, Research & Experimental Mental depression Mental disorders Miscarriage Ovulation Pregnancy Psychological aspects Research & Experimental Medicine Review Risk factors Science & Technology Self esteem Social aspects Sperm Stress Stress (Psychology) Women |
| title | The complex relationship between infertility and psychological distress (Review) |
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