A novel personalized dosimetry method for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) procedures

Objective To estimate radiation doses for the primarily irradiated organs/tissues of patients subjected to standard endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) procedures using a novel personalized dosimetry method. Methods Dosimetric and anthropometric data were collected prospectively for eight patients w...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:European radiology 2021-09, Vol.31 (9), p.6547-6554
Hauptverfasser: Tzanis, Eleftherios, Perisinakis, Kostas, Ioannou, Christos V., Tsetis, Dimitrios, Damilakis, John
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 6554
container_issue 9
container_start_page 6547
container_title European radiology
container_volume 31
creator Tzanis, Eleftherios
Perisinakis, Kostas
Ioannou, Christos V.
Tsetis, Dimitrios
Damilakis, John
description Objective To estimate radiation doses for the primarily irradiated organs/tissues of patients subjected to standard endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) procedures using a novel personalized dosimetry method. Methods Dosimetric and anthropometric data were collected prospectively for eight patients who underwent standard EVAR procedures. Patient-specific Monte Carlo simulations were performed to estimate organ/tissue doses from each of the fluoroscopic and digital subtraction angiography acquisitions involved in EVAR. Individual-specific cumulative absorbed doses were estimated for the skin, spinal bone marrow, heart, kidneys, liver, colon, bladder, pancreas, stomach, and spleen and compared to corresponding values estimated through a commercially available dosimetric software package that employs standardized phantoms. Results The highest organ/tissue radiation doses from EVAR were found for the skin, spinal bone marrow, kidneys, and spleen as 192.4 mGy, 96.7 mGy, 72.9 mGy, and 33.6 mGy respectively, while the doses to the heart, liver, colon, bladder, pancreas, and stomach were 6.3 mGy, 14.4 mGy, 18.4 mGy, 14.8 mGy, 21.6 mGy, and 11.2 mGy respectively. Corresponding dose values using standardized phantoms were found to differ up to 151%. Conclusion Considerable radiation doses may be received by primarily exposed organs/tissues during standard EVAR. The specific size/anatomy of the patient and the variation in exposure parameters/beam angulation between different projections commonly involved in EVAR procedures should be taken into account if reliable organ dose data are to be derived. Key Points • A novel patient-specific dosimetry method was utilized to estimate radiation doses to the primarily irradiated organs/tissues of patients subjected to standard endovascular aneurysm repair procedures. • The use of standardized mathematical anthropomorphic phantoms to derive organ dose from fluoroscopically guided procedures may result in considerable inaccuracies due to differences in the assumed organ position/volume/shape compared to patients.
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s00330-021-07789-x
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2498480315</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2498480315</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-7128c7a96a42c9f3a8723c83807292b6cac6985a1fa3fe7c940a67abf6d121343</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kE1P3DAQhq2qqCzQP9BDZYkLHELHHscfxxXiS0JCQrTqzfI6DgQl8WJvEMuvx2UplTj0Mj7MM--MH0K-MThiAOpHBkCECjirQCltqqdPZMYE8oqBFp_JDAzqShkjtslOzvcAYJhQX8g2olQ1ajkjv-d0jI-hp8uQchxd3z2HhjYxd0NYpTUt9S42tI2JhrGJjy77qXeJujFMaZ0HmsLSdYkenPyaXx_SZYo-NFMKeY9sta7P4evbu0t-np7cHJ9Xl1dnF8fzy8qjqleVYlx75Yx0gnvTotOKo9eoQXHDF9I7L42uHWsdtkF5I8BJ5RatbBhnKHCXHGxyy-qHKeSVHbrsQ9-XC-OULRdGCw3I6oLuf0Dv45TKnwtVSwTJBapC8Q3lU8w5hdYuUze4tLYM7B_vduPdFu_21bt9KkPf36KnxRCa95G_oguAGyCX1ngb0r_d_4l9AdJ2jdc</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2563062437</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>A novel personalized dosimetry method for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) procedures</title><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Tzanis, Eleftherios ; Perisinakis, Kostas ; Ioannou, Christos V. ; Tsetis, Dimitrios ; Damilakis, John</creator><creatorcontrib>Tzanis, Eleftherios ; Perisinakis, Kostas ; Ioannou, Christos V. ; Tsetis, Dimitrios ; Damilakis, John</creatorcontrib><description>Objective To estimate radiation doses for the primarily irradiated organs/tissues of patients subjected to standard endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) procedures using a novel personalized dosimetry method. Methods Dosimetric and anthropometric data were collected prospectively for eight patients who underwent standard EVAR procedures. Patient-specific Monte Carlo simulations were performed to estimate organ/tissue doses from each of the fluoroscopic and digital subtraction angiography acquisitions involved in EVAR. Individual-specific cumulative absorbed doses were estimated for the skin, spinal bone marrow, heart, kidneys, liver, colon, bladder, pancreas, stomach, and spleen and compared to corresponding values estimated through a commercially available dosimetric software package that employs standardized phantoms. Results The highest organ/tissue radiation doses from EVAR were found for the skin, spinal bone marrow, kidneys, and spleen as 192.4 mGy, 96.7 mGy, 72.9 mGy, and 33.6 mGy respectively, while the doses to the heart, liver, colon, bladder, pancreas, and stomach were 6.3 mGy, 14.4 mGy, 18.4 mGy, 14.8 mGy, 21.6 mGy, and 11.2 mGy respectively. Corresponding dose values using standardized phantoms were found to differ up to 151%. Conclusion Considerable radiation doses may be received by primarily exposed organs/tissues during standard EVAR. The specific size/anatomy of the patient and the variation in exposure parameters/beam angulation between different projections commonly involved in EVAR procedures should be taken into account if reliable organ dose data are to be derived. Key Points • A novel patient-specific dosimetry method was utilized to estimate radiation doses to the primarily irradiated organs/tissues of patients subjected to standard endovascular aneurysm repair procedures. • The use of standardized mathematical anthropomorphic phantoms to derive organ dose from fluoroscopically guided procedures may result in considerable inaccuracies due to differences in the assumed organ position/volume/shape compared to patients.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0938-7994</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1084</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-07789-x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33675386</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Aneurysm ; Aneurysms ; Angiography ; Bladder ; Bone marrow ; Cardiovascular system ; Colon ; Customization ; Diagnostic Radiology ; Dosimeters ; Dosimetry ; Fluoroscopy ; Imaging ; Internal Medicine ; Interventional ; Interventional Radiology ; Kidneys ; Liver ; Mathematical analysis ; Medicine ; Medicine &amp; Public Health ; Neuroradiology ; Organs ; Pancreas ; Patients ; Radiation ; Radiation dosage ; Radiology ; Skin ; Spleen ; Stomach ; Tissues ; Ultrasound</subject><ispartof>European radiology, 2021-09, Vol.31 (9), p.6547-6554</ispartof><rights>European Society of Radiology 2021</rights><rights>European Society of Radiology 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-7128c7a96a42c9f3a8723c83807292b6cac6985a1fa3fe7c940a67abf6d121343</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-7128c7a96a42c9f3a8723c83807292b6cac6985a1fa3fe7c940a67abf6d121343</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00330-021-07789-x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00330-021-07789-x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27923,27924,41487,42556,51318</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33675386$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tzanis, Eleftherios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perisinakis, Kostas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ioannou, Christos V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsetis, Dimitrios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Damilakis, John</creatorcontrib><title>A novel personalized dosimetry method for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) procedures</title><title>European radiology</title><addtitle>Eur Radiol</addtitle><addtitle>Eur Radiol</addtitle><description>Objective To estimate radiation doses for the primarily irradiated organs/tissues of patients subjected to standard endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) procedures using a novel personalized dosimetry method. Methods Dosimetric and anthropometric data were collected prospectively for eight patients who underwent standard EVAR procedures. Patient-specific Monte Carlo simulations were performed to estimate organ/tissue doses from each of the fluoroscopic and digital subtraction angiography acquisitions involved in EVAR. Individual-specific cumulative absorbed doses were estimated for the skin, spinal bone marrow, heart, kidneys, liver, colon, bladder, pancreas, stomach, and spleen and compared to corresponding values estimated through a commercially available dosimetric software package that employs standardized phantoms. Results The highest organ/tissue radiation doses from EVAR were found for the skin, spinal bone marrow, kidneys, and spleen as 192.4 mGy, 96.7 mGy, 72.9 mGy, and 33.6 mGy respectively, while the doses to the heart, liver, colon, bladder, pancreas, and stomach were 6.3 mGy, 14.4 mGy, 18.4 mGy, 14.8 mGy, 21.6 mGy, and 11.2 mGy respectively. Corresponding dose values using standardized phantoms were found to differ up to 151%. Conclusion Considerable radiation doses may be received by primarily exposed organs/tissues during standard EVAR. The specific size/anatomy of the patient and the variation in exposure parameters/beam angulation between different projections commonly involved in EVAR procedures should be taken into account if reliable organ dose data are to be derived. Key Points • A novel patient-specific dosimetry method was utilized to estimate radiation doses to the primarily irradiated organs/tissues of patients subjected to standard endovascular aneurysm repair procedures. • The use of standardized mathematical anthropomorphic phantoms to derive organ dose from fluoroscopically guided procedures may result in considerable inaccuracies due to differences in the assumed organ position/volume/shape compared to patients.</description><subject>Aneurysm</subject><subject>Aneurysms</subject><subject>Angiography</subject><subject>Bladder</subject><subject>Bone marrow</subject><subject>Cardiovascular system</subject><subject>Colon</subject><subject>Customization</subject><subject>Diagnostic Radiology</subject><subject>Dosimeters</subject><subject>Dosimetry</subject><subject>Fluoroscopy</subject><subject>Imaging</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Interventional</subject><subject>Interventional Radiology</subject><subject>Kidneys</subject><subject>Liver</subject><subject>Mathematical analysis</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine &amp; Public Health</subject><subject>Neuroradiology</subject><subject>Organs</subject><subject>Pancreas</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Radiation</subject><subject>Radiation dosage</subject><subject>Radiology</subject><subject>Skin</subject><subject>Spleen</subject><subject>Stomach</subject><subject>Tissues</subject><subject>Ultrasound</subject><issn>0938-7994</issn><issn>1432-1084</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1P3DAQhq2qqCzQP9BDZYkLHELHHscfxxXiS0JCQrTqzfI6DgQl8WJvEMuvx2UplTj0Mj7MM--MH0K-MThiAOpHBkCECjirQCltqqdPZMYE8oqBFp_JDAzqShkjtslOzvcAYJhQX8g2olQ1ajkjv-d0jI-hp8uQchxd3z2HhjYxd0NYpTUt9S42tI2JhrGJjy77qXeJujFMaZ0HmsLSdYkenPyaXx_SZYo-NFMKeY9sta7P4evbu0t-np7cHJ9Xl1dnF8fzy8qjqleVYlx75Yx0gnvTotOKo9eoQXHDF9I7L42uHWsdtkF5I8BJ5RatbBhnKHCXHGxyy-qHKeSVHbrsQ9-XC-OULRdGCw3I6oLuf0Dv45TKnwtVSwTJBapC8Q3lU8w5hdYuUze4tLYM7B_vduPdFu_21bt9KkPf36KnxRCa95G_oguAGyCX1ngb0r_d_4l9AdJ2jdc</recordid><startdate>20210901</startdate><enddate>20210901</enddate><creator>Tzanis, Eleftherios</creator><creator>Perisinakis, Kostas</creator><creator>Ioannou, Christos V.</creator><creator>Tsetis, Dimitrios</creator><creator>Damilakis, John</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210901</creationdate><title>A novel personalized dosimetry method for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) procedures</title><author>Tzanis, Eleftherios ; Perisinakis, Kostas ; Ioannou, Christos V. ; Tsetis, Dimitrios ; Damilakis, John</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-7128c7a96a42c9f3a8723c83807292b6cac6985a1fa3fe7c940a67abf6d121343</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Aneurysm</topic><topic>Aneurysms</topic><topic>Angiography</topic><topic>Bladder</topic><topic>Bone marrow</topic><topic>Cardiovascular system</topic><topic>Colon</topic><topic>Customization</topic><topic>Diagnostic Radiology</topic><topic>Dosimeters</topic><topic>Dosimetry</topic><topic>Fluoroscopy</topic><topic>Imaging</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Interventional</topic><topic>Interventional Radiology</topic><topic>Kidneys</topic><topic>Liver</topic><topic>Mathematical analysis</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine &amp; Public Health</topic><topic>Neuroradiology</topic><topic>Organs</topic><topic>Pancreas</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Radiation</topic><topic>Radiation dosage</topic><topic>Radiology</topic><topic>Skin</topic><topic>Spleen</topic><topic>Stomach</topic><topic>Tissues</topic><topic>Ultrasound</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tzanis, Eleftherios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perisinakis, Kostas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ioannou, Christos V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsetis, Dimitrios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Damilakis, John</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>European radiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tzanis, Eleftherios</au><au>Perisinakis, Kostas</au><au>Ioannou, Christos V.</au><au>Tsetis, Dimitrios</au><au>Damilakis, John</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A novel personalized dosimetry method for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) procedures</atitle><jtitle>European radiology</jtitle><stitle>Eur Radiol</stitle><addtitle>Eur Radiol</addtitle><date>2021-09-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>31</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>6547</spage><epage>6554</epage><pages>6547-6554</pages><issn>0938-7994</issn><eissn>1432-1084</eissn><abstract>Objective To estimate radiation doses for the primarily irradiated organs/tissues of patients subjected to standard endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) procedures using a novel personalized dosimetry method. Methods Dosimetric and anthropometric data were collected prospectively for eight patients who underwent standard EVAR procedures. Patient-specific Monte Carlo simulations were performed to estimate organ/tissue doses from each of the fluoroscopic and digital subtraction angiography acquisitions involved in EVAR. Individual-specific cumulative absorbed doses were estimated for the skin, spinal bone marrow, heart, kidneys, liver, colon, bladder, pancreas, stomach, and spleen and compared to corresponding values estimated through a commercially available dosimetric software package that employs standardized phantoms. Results The highest organ/tissue radiation doses from EVAR were found for the skin, spinal bone marrow, kidneys, and spleen as 192.4 mGy, 96.7 mGy, 72.9 mGy, and 33.6 mGy respectively, while the doses to the heart, liver, colon, bladder, pancreas, and stomach were 6.3 mGy, 14.4 mGy, 18.4 mGy, 14.8 mGy, 21.6 mGy, and 11.2 mGy respectively. Corresponding dose values using standardized phantoms were found to differ up to 151%. Conclusion Considerable radiation doses may be received by primarily exposed organs/tissues during standard EVAR. The specific size/anatomy of the patient and the variation in exposure parameters/beam angulation between different projections commonly involved in EVAR procedures should be taken into account if reliable organ dose data are to be derived. Key Points • A novel patient-specific dosimetry method was utilized to estimate radiation doses to the primarily irradiated organs/tissues of patients subjected to standard endovascular aneurysm repair procedures. • The use of standardized mathematical anthropomorphic phantoms to derive organ dose from fluoroscopically guided procedures may result in considerable inaccuracies due to differences in the assumed organ position/volume/shape compared to patients.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>33675386</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00330-021-07789-x</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0938-7994
ispartof European radiology, 2021-09, Vol.31 (9), p.6547-6554
issn 0938-7994
1432-1084
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2498480315
source SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings
subjects Aneurysm
Aneurysms
Angiography
Bladder
Bone marrow
Cardiovascular system
Colon
Customization
Diagnostic Radiology
Dosimeters
Dosimetry
Fluoroscopy
Imaging
Internal Medicine
Interventional
Interventional Radiology
Kidneys
Liver
Mathematical analysis
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Neuroradiology
Organs
Pancreas
Patients
Radiation
Radiation dosage
Radiology
Skin
Spleen
Stomach
Tissues
Ultrasound
title A novel personalized dosimetry method for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) procedures
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-12T10%3A40%3A31IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A%20novel%20personalized%20dosimetry%20method%20for%20endovascular%20aneurysm%20repair%20(EVAR)%20procedures&rft.jtitle=European%20radiology&rft.au=Tzanis,%20Eleftherios&rft.date=2021-09-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=6547&rft.epage=6554&rft.pages=6547-6554&rft.issn=0938-7994&rft.eissn=1432-1084&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s00330-021-07789-x&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2498480315%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2563062437&rft_id=info:pmid/33675386&rfr_iscdi=true