Does Dietary Intake Impact Omentin Gene Expression and Plasma Concentration? A Systematic Review

Background: Omentin is an adipokine with anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects that can play a protective role against cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The aim was to systematically review and summarize the existing evidence on the association between overall dietary intake and oment...

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Veröffentlicht in:Lifestyle genomics 2021-04, Vol.14 (2), p.49-61
Hauptverfasser: Nosrati-Oskouie, Mohammad, Asghari, Golaleh, Yuzbashian, Emad, Aghili-Moghaddam, Nazanin Sadat, Zarkesh, Maryam, Safarian, Mohammad, Mirmiran, Parvin
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container_issue 2
container_start_page 49
container_title Lifestyle genomics
container_volume 14
creator Nosrati-Oskouie, Mohammad
Asghari, Golaleh
Yuzbashian, Emad
Aghili-Moghaddam, Nazanin Sadat
Zarkesh, Maryam
Safarian, Mohammad
Mirmiran, Parvin
description Background: Omentin is an adipokine with anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects that can play a protective role against cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The aim was to systematically review and summarize the existing evidence on the association between overall dietary intake and omentin gene expression and circulation. Summary: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to September 2019. Of the 1,940 retrieved articles, 20 relevant studies were included, 6 of which were observational, 11 were clinical trials in humans, and 3 were animal studies. Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) had a high risk of bias (RoB), 1 had “some concerns”, and 2 had a low RoB. Among the nonrandomized studies with comparators, 4 had a serious RoB and 2 had a moderate RoB. In the experimental animal studies with a moderate RoB, conflicting results for omentin serum concentration were found for high-fat and low-fat diets. A high-fat diet (HFD) was shown to reduce omentin gene expression in one animal study. In the observational studies, omentin serum concentration was reduced by Ramadan fasting and saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake, and an increase in omentin gene expression was observed with monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake. There was no association of dietary inflammatory index (DII), macronutrient intake, or total calorie intake with omentin plasma concentrations. In the human interventional studies, omentin plasma concentration increased with a long-term low-calorie, low-fat diet (LFD), and no change was seen with a HFD or a short-term low-calorie diet (LCD). Key Messages: It seems that a long-term diet with a lower fat content and a balanced distribution of fatty acids, i.e., a higher MUFA and lower SFA intake, may effectively increase omentin plasma concentration, possibly via improved insulin resistance and reduced inflammation, but more research is needed to confirm or refute this.
doi_str_mv 10.1159/000513885
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subjects adipokines
adipose tissue
Bias
Body mass index
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control
Clinical trials
Cytokines - blood
Cytokines - genetics
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Diet
Dietary intake
dietary intakes
Fatty acids
Gene Expression
GPI-Linked Proteins - blood
GPI-Linked Proteins - genetics
High fat diet
Humans
Hypocaloric diet
Inflammation
Insulin resistance
Intervention
Kinases
Laboratory animals
Lectins - blood
Lectins - genetics
Low fat diet
Nutrient deficiency
Nutrition research
omentin gene expression
Plasma
Review
Systematic review
title Does Dietary Intake Impact Omentin Gene Expression and Plasma Concentration? A Systematic Review
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