Low‐level red plus near infrared lights combination induces expressions of collagen and elastin in human skin in vitro

Objective Light therapy has attracted medical interests as a safe, alternative treatment for photo‐ageing and photo‐damaged skin. Recent research suggested the therapeutic activity of red and infrared (IR) lights may be effective at much lower energy levels than those used clinically. This study was...

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Veröffentlicht in:International journal of cosmetic science 2021-06, Vol.43 (3), p.311-320
Hauptverfasser: Li, Wen‐Hwa, Seo, InSeok, Kim, Brian, Fassih, Ali, Southall, Michael D., Parsa, Ramine
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container_issue 3
container_start_page 311
container_title International journal of cosmetic science
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creator Li, Wen‐Hwa
Seo, InSeok
Kim, Brian
Fassih, Ali
Southall, Michael D.
Parsa, Ramine
description Objective Light therapy has attracted medical interests as a safe, alternative treatment for photo‐ageing and photo‐damaged skin. Recent research suggested the therapeutic activity of red and infrared (IR) lights may be effective at much lower energy levels than those used clinically. This study was to evaluate the efficacy of low‐level red plus near IR light emitting diode (LED) combination on collagen and elastin and ATP production. Methods Human dermal fibroblasts or skin tissues were irradiated daily by red (640 nm) plus near IR (830 nm) LED lights combination at 0.5 mW/cm2 for 10 minutes (0.3 J/cm2). qPCR, ELISAs or histology were used to determine the gene and protein expressions. Fluorescent measurement was used to assess crosslinks of collagen and elastic fibres. ATP production was evaluated by ATP assay. Results Treatment of human fibroblast cell cultures with low‐level red plus near IR lights combination was found to significantly increase LOXL1, ELN and COL1A1 and COL3A1 gene expressions as well as the synthesis of the procollagen type I and elastin proteins. Treating human skin explants with low‐level red plus near IR lights combination similarly induced significant increases in the same gene expressions, type III collagen and elastic fibre formation and crosslinks. ATP production was increased in human dermal fibroblasts after red plus near IR lights combination treatment. Conclusion Low‐level red plus near IR lights combination stimulated the production of collagen and elastin production associated with anti‐ageing benefits. These findings suggest that low‐level red plus near IR LED light combination may provide an effective treatment opportunity for people with photo‐aged skin. Résumé Objectif La luminothérapie a suscité des intérêts médicaux en tant que traitement alternatif sûr pour la photo‐vieillissement et la peau endommagée. Des recherches récentes ont suggéré que L'activité thérapeutique des feux rouges et infrarouges (IR) pourrait être efficace à des niveaux d'énergie beaucoup plus faibles que ceux utilisés en clinique. Cette étude avait pour but d'évaluer l'efficacité de la combinaison de diodes électroluminescentes (DEL) rouges de faible intensité et de diodes électroluminescentes (IR) sur la production de collagène, d'élastine et d'ATP. Méthodes Les fibroblastes dermiques humains ou les tissus cutanés ont été irradiés quotidiennement par une combinaison de feux rouges (640nm) et de feux à DEL proches de l'IR (830nm) à 0,5mW/cm2 pe
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Recent research suggested the therapeutic activity of red and infrared (IR) lights may be effective at much lower energy levels than those used clinically. This study was to evaluate the efficacy of low‐level red plus near IR light emitting diode (LED) combination on collagen and elastin and ATP production. Methods Human dermal fibroblasts or skin tissues were irradiated daily by red (640 nm) plus near IR (830 nm) LED lights combination at 0.5 mW/cm2 for 10 minutes (0.3 J/cm2). qPCR, ELISAs or histology were used to determine the gene and protein expressions. Fluorescent measurement was used to assess crosslinks of collagen and elastic fibres. ATP production was evaluated by ATP assay. Results Treatment of human fibroblast cell cultures with low‐level red plus near IR lights combination was found to significantly increase LOXL1, ELN and COL1A1 and COL3A1 gene expressions as well as the synthesis of the procollagen type I and elastin proteins. Treating human skin explants with low‐level red plus near IR lights combination similarly induced significant increases in the same gene expressions, type III collagen and elastic fibre formation and crosslinks. ATP production was increased in human dermal fibroblasts after red plus near IR lights combination treatment. Conclusion Low‐level red plus near IR lights combination stimulated the production of collagen and elastin production associated with anti‐ageing benefits. These findings suggest that low‐level red plus near IR LED light combination may provide an effective treatment opportunity for people with photo‐aged skin. Résumé Objectif La luminothérapie a suscité des intérêts médicaux en tant que traitement alternatif sûr pour la photo‐vieillissement et la peau endommagée. Des recherches récentes ont suggéré que L'activité thérapeutique des feux rouges et infrarouges (IR) pourrait être efficace à des niveaux d'énergie beaucoup plus faibles que ceux utilisés en clinique. Cette étude avait pour but d'évaluer l'efficacité de la combinaison de diodes électroluminescentes (DEL) rouges de faible intensité et de diodes électroluminescentes (IR) sur la production de collagène, d'élastine et d'ATP. Méthodes Les fibroblastes dermiques humains ou les tissus cutanés ont été irradiés quotidiennement par une combinaison de feux rouges (640nm) et de feux à DEL proches de l'IR (830nm) à 0,5mW/cm2 pendant 10minutes (0,3J/cm2). qPCR, ELISA ou histologie ont été utilisés pour déterminer les expressions géniques et protéiques. Des mesures fluorescentes ont été utilisées pour évaluer les liens croisés du collagène et des fibres élastiques. La production d'ATP a été évaluée au moyen d'un essai ATP. Résultats Le traitement de cultures de cellules de fibroblastes humaines avec une combinaison rouge de faible intensité et proche des lumières IR a permis d'augmenter significativement les expressions des gènes LOXL1, ELN et COL1A1 et COL3A1, ainsi que la synthèse des protéines de procollagène de type I et d'élastine. Le traitement des explants de peau humaine avec une combinaison rouge de bas niveau et proche des lumières IR a également induit des augmentations significatives dans les mêmes expressions géniques, la formation de collagène de type III et de fibres élastiques et les liaisons croisées. La production d'ATP a augmenté dans les fibroblastes dermiques humains après le traitement combiné rouge et proche des feux IR. Conclusion L'association du rouge de bas niveau et des lumières infrarouges a stimulé la production de collagène et d'élastine associée aux bienfaits de l'antivieillissement. Ces résultats suggèrent que la combinaison de faible intensité de rouge plus proche de la lumière IR LED peut fournir une opportunité de traitement efficace pour les personnes ayant la peau photo‐âgée. The combination of red and near IR LED lights may significantly induce COL1A1, ELN, collagen and elastin protein formation in both human adult dermal fibroblasts and in human skin explants. Furthermore, it is shown for the first time that red plus near IR lights combination may also induce LOXL1 gene expression and enhance elastic fiber crosslinks, which are necessary for functional elastic fibers to contribute to skin structural support as skin firmness decreased with photo‐aging. The mechanism of action (MOA) of red plus near IR lights combination treatment may be through inducing ATP production.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0142-5463</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1468-2494</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/ics.12698</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33594706</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aging ; ATP ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen ; Collagen (type I) ; Collagen (type III) ; Collagen - metabolism ; Cross-linking ; Crosslinking ; Elastin ; Elastin - metabolism ; Energy levels ; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; Evaluation ; Explants ; Fibers ; Fibroblasts ; Fluorescence ; genomic/proteomic/ELISA/cell culture ; Histology ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Infrared radiation ; Infrared Rays ; Light emitting diodes ; Light therapy ; photo‐biomodulation ; Procollagen ; Production methods ; Proteins ; Skin ; Skin - metabolism ; Skin - radiation effects ; skin physiology/structure</subject><ispartof>International journal of cosmetic science, 2021-06, Vol.43 (3), p.311-320</ispartof><rights>2021 Society of Cosmetic Scientists and the Société Française de Cosmétologie</rights><rights>2021 Society of Cosmetic Scientists and the Société Française de Cosmétologie.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Society of Cosmetic Scientists and the Société Française de Cosmétologie</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3538-eee37068d01f3a98446872a0725260a6d48f18d9716750ddcc3527a22e06a6253</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3538-eee37068d01f3a98446872a0725260a6d48f18d9716750ddcc3527a22e06a6253</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2569-6863</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fics.12698$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fics.12698$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33594706$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Li, Wen‐Hwa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seo, InSeok</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Brian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fassih, Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Southall, Michael D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parsa, Ramine</creatorcontrib><title>Low‐level red plus near infrared lights combination induces expressions of collagen and elastin in human skin in vitro</title><title>International journal of cosmetic science</title><addtitle>Int J Cosmet Sci</addtitle><description>Objective Light therapy has attracted medical interests as a safe, alternative treatment for photo‐ageing and photo‐damaged skin. Recent research suggested the therapeutic activity of red and infrared (IR) lights may be effective at much lower energy levels than those used clinically. This study was to evaluate the efficacy of low‐level red plus near IR light emitting diode (LED) combination on collagen and elastin and ATP production. Methods Human dermal fibroblasts or skin tissues were irradiated daily by red (640 nm) plus near IR (830 nm) LED lights combination at 0.5 mW/cm2 for 10 minutes (0.3 J/cm2). qPCR, ELISAs or histology were used to determine the gene and protein expressions. Fluorescent measurement was used to assess crosslinks of collagen and elastic fibres. ATP production was evaluated by ATP assay. Results Treatment of human fibroblast cell cultures with low‐level red plus near IR lights combination was found to significantly increase LOXL1, ELN and COL1A1 and COL3A1 gene expressions as well as the synthesis of the procollagen type I and elastin proteins. Treating human skin explants with low‐level red plus near IR lights combination similarly induced significant increases in the same gene expressions, type III collagen and elastic fibre formation and crosslinks. ATP production was increased in human dermal fibroblasts after red plus near IR lights combination treatment. Conclusion Low‐level red plus near IR lights combination stimulated the production of collagen and elastin production associated with anti‐ageing benefits. These findings suggest that low‐level red plus near IR LED light combination may provide an effective treatment opportunity for people with photo‐aged skin. Résumé Objectif La luminothérapie a suscité des intérêts médicaux en tant que traitement alternatif sûr pour la photo‐vieillissement et la peau endommagée. Des recherches récentes ont suggéré que L'activité thérapeutique des feux rouges et infrarouges (IR) pourrait être efficace à des niveaux d'énergie beaucoup plus faibles que ceux utilisés en clinique. Cette étude avait pour but d'évaluer l'efficacité de la combinaison de diodes électroluminescentes (DEL) rouges de faible intensité et de diodes électroluminescentes (IR) sur la production de collagène, d'élastine et d'ATP. Méthodes Les fibroblastes dermiques humains ou les tissus cutanés ont été irradiés quotidiennement par une combinaison de feux rouges (640nm) et de feux à DEL proches de l'IR (830nm) à 0,5mW/cm2 pendant 10minutes (0,3J/cm2). qPCR, ELISA ou histologie ont été utilisés pour déterminer les expressions géniques et protéiques. Des mesures fluorescentes ont été utilisées pour évaluer les liens croisés du collagène et des fibres élastiques. La production d'ATP a été évaluée au moyen d'un essai ATP. Résultats Le traitement de cultures de cellules de fibroblastes humaines avec une combinaison rouge de faible intensité et proche des lumières IR a permis d'augmenter significativement les expressions des gènes LOXL1, ELN et COL1A1 et COL3A1, ainsi que la synthèse des protéines de procollagène de type I et d'élastine. Le traitement des explants de peau humaine avec une combinaison rouge de bas niveau et proche des lumières IR a également induit des augmentations significatives dans les mêmes expressions géniques, la formation de collagène de type III et de fibres élastiques et les liaisons croisées. La production d'ATP a augmenté dans les fibroblastes dermiques humains après le traitement combiné rouge et proche des feux IR. Conclusion L'association du rouge de bas niveau et des lumières infrarouges a stimulé la production de collagène et d'élastine associée aux bienfaits de l'antivieillissement. Ces résultats suggèrent que la combinaison de faible intensité de rouge plus proche de la lumière IR LED peut fournir une opportunité de traitement efficace pour les personnes ayant la peau photo‐âgée. The combination of red and near IR LED lights may significantly induce COL1A1, ELN, collagen and elastin protein formation in both human adult dermal fibroblasts and in human skin explants. Furthermore, it is shown for the first time that red plus near IR lights combination may also induce LOXL1 gene expression and enhance elastic fiber crosslinks, which are necessary for functional elastic fibers to contribute to skin structural support as skin firmness decreased with photo‐aging. The mechanism of action (MOA) of red plus near IR lights combination treatment may be through inducing ATP production.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aging</subject><subject>ATP</subject><subject>Cells, Cultured</subject><subject>Collagen</subject><subject>Collagen (type I)</subject><subject>Collagen (type III)</subject><subject>Collagen - metabolism</subject><subject>Cross-linking</subject><subject>Crosslinking</subject><subject>Elastin</subject><subject>Elastin - metabolism</subject><subject>Energy levels</subject><subject>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Explants</subject><subject>Fibers</subject><subject>Fibroblasts</subject><subject>Fluorescence</subject><subject>genomic/proteomic/ELISA/cell culture</subject><subject>Histology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>In Vitro Techniques</subject><subject>Infrared radiation</subject><subject>Infrared Rays</subject><subject>Light emitting diodes</subject><subject>Light therapy</subject><subject>photo‐biomodulation</subject><subject>Procollagen</subject><subject>Production methods</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Skin</subject><subject>Skin - metabolism</subject><subject>Skin - radiation effects</subject><subject>skin physiology/structure</subject><issn>0142-5463</issn><issn>1468-2494</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kctuFDEQRS0EIkNgwQ8gS2xg0Ynfdi_RiEekkVgAa8tpVycObnuwu_PY8Ql8I1-Chw4skPDGctXx1a26CD2n5IS2cxqGekKZ6s0DtKFCmY6JXjxEG0IF66RQ_Ag9qfWKECJ6wx-jI85lLzRRG3S7yzc_v_-IcA0RF_B4H5eKE7iCQxqLO5RiuLicKx7ydB6Sm0NOreeXASqG232BWlup4jw2JEZ3AQm75DFEV-dwYPHlMrmE69f1dR3mkp-iR6OLFZ7d38foy7u3n7cfut3H92fbN7tu4JKbDgB4M2o8oSN3vRFtPM0c0UwyRZzywozU-F5TpSXxfmjfmHaMAVFOMcmP0atVd1_ytwXqbKdQB2g-E-Sl2rYqoog0gjf05T_oVV5Kau4sk4IQLbXWjXq9UkPJtRYY7b6EyZU7S4k9xGFbHPZ3HI19ca-4nE_g_5J_9t-A0xW4CRHu_q9kz7afVslfuMaUzw</recordid><startdate>202106</startdate><enddate>202106</enddate><creator>Li, Wen‐Hwa</creator><creator>Seo, InSeok</creator><creator>Kim, Brian</creator><creator>Fassih, Ali</creator><creator>Southall, Michael D.</creator><creator>Parsa, Ramine</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2569-6863</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202106</creationdate><title>Low‐level red plus near infrared lights combination induces expressions of collagen and elastin in human skin in vitro</title><author>Li, Wen‐Hwa ; Seo, InSeok ; Kim, Brian ; Fassih, Ali ; Southall, Michael D. ; Parsa, Ramine</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3538-eee37068d01f3a98446872a0725260a6d48f18d9716750ddcc3527a22e06a6253</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aging</topic><topic>ATP</topic><topic>Cells, Cultured</topic><topic>Collagen</topic><topic>Collagen (type I)</topic><topic>Collagen (type III)</topic><topic>Collagen - metabolism</topic><topic>Cross-linking</topic><topic>Crosslinking</topic><topic>Elastin</topic><topic>Elastin - metabolism</topic><topic>Energy levels</topic><topic>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</topic><topic>Evaluation</topic><topic>Explants</topic><topic>Fibers</topic><topic>Fibroblasts</topic><topic>Fluorescence</topic><topic>genomic/proteomic/ELISA/cell culture</topic><topic>Histology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>In Vitro Techniques</topic><topic>Infrared radiation</topic><topic>Infrared Rays</topic><topic>Light emitting diodes</topic><topic>Light therapy</topic><topic>photo‐biomodulation</topic><topic>Procollagen</topic><topic>Production methods</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Skin</topic><topic>Skin - metabolism</topic><topic>Skin - radiation effects</topic><topic>skin physiology/structure</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Li, Wen‐Hwa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seo, InSeok</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Brian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fassih, Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Southall, Michael D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parsa, Ramine</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>International journal of cosmetic science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Li, Wen‐Hwa</au><au>Seo, InSeok</au><au>Kim, Brian</au><au>Fassih, Ali</au><au>Southall, Michael D.</au><au>Parsa, Ramine</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Low‐level red plus near infrared lights combination induces expressions of collagen and elastin in human skin in vitro</atitle><jtitle>International journal of cosmetic science</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Cosmet Sci</addtitle><date>2021-06</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>43</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>311</spage><epage>320</epage><pages>311-320</pages><issn>0142-5463</issn><eissn>1468-2494</eissn><abstract>Objective Light therapy has attracted medical interests as a safe, alternative treatment for photo‐ageing and photo‐damaged skin. Recent research suggested the therapeutic activity of red and infrared (IR) lights may be effective at much lower energy levels than those used clinically. This study was to evaluate the efficacy of low‐level red plus near IR light emitting diode (LED) combination on collagen and elastin and ATP production. Methods Human dermal fibroblasts or skin tissues were irradiated daily by red (640 nm) plus near IR (830 nm) LED lights combination at 0.5 mW/cm2 for 10 minutes (0.3 J/cm2). qPCR, ELISAs or histology were used to determine the gene and protein expressions. Fluorescent measurement was used to assess crosslinks of collagen and elastic fibres. ATP production was evaluated by ATP assay. Results Treatment of human fibroblast cell cultures with low‐level red plus near IR lights combination was found to significantly increase LOXL1, ELN and COL1A1 and COL3A1 gene expressions as well as the synthesis of the procollagen type I and elastin proteins. Treating human skin explants with low‐level red plus near IR lights combination similarly induced significant increases in the same gene expressions, type III collagen and elastic fibre formation and crosslinks. ATP production was increased in human dermal fibroblasts after red plus near IR lights combination treatment. Conclusion Low‐level red plus near IR lights combination stimulated the production of collagen and elastin production associated with anti‐ageing benefits. These findings suggest that low‐level red plus near IR LED light combination may provide an effective treatment opportunity for people with photo‐aged skin. Résumé Objectif La luminothérapie a suscité des intérêts médicaux en tant que traitement alternatif sûr pour la photo‐vieillissement et la peau endommagée. Des recherches récentes ont suggéré que L'activité thérapeutique des feux rouges et infrarouges (IR) pourrait être efficace à des niveaux d'énergie beaucoup plus faibles que ceux utilisés en clinique. Cette étude avait pour but d'évaluer l'efficacité de la combinaison de diodes électroluminescentes (DEL) rouges de faible intensité et de diodes électroluminescentes (IR) sur la production de collagène, d'élastine et d'ATP. Méthodes Les fibroblastes dermiques humains ou les tissus cutanés ont été irradiés quotidiennement par une combinaison de feux rouges (640nm) et de feux à DEL proches de l'IR (830nm) à 0,5mW/cm2 pendant 10minutes (0,3J/cm2). qPCR, ELISA ou histologie ont été utilisés pour déterminer les expressions géniques et protéiques. Des mesures fluorescentes ont été utilisées pour évaluer les liens croisés du collagène et des fibres élastiques. La production d'ATP a été évaluée au moyen d'un essai ATP. Résultats Le traitement de cultures de cellules de fibroblastes humaines avec une combinaison rouge de faible intensité et proche des lumières IR a permis d'augmenter significativement les expressions des gènes LOXL1, ELN et COL1A1 et COL3A1, ainsi que la synthèse des protéines de procollagène de type I et d'élastine. Le traitement des explants de peau humaine avec une combinaison rouge de bas niveau et proche des lumières IR a également induit des augmentations significatives dans les mêmes expressions géniques, la formation de collagène de type III et de fibres élastiques et les liaisons croisées. La production d'ATP a augmenté dans les fibroblastes dermiques humains après le traitement combiné rouge et proche des feux IR. Conclusion L'association du rouge de bas niveau et des lumières infrarouges a stimulé la production de collagène et d'élastine associée aux bienfaits de l'antivieillissement. Ces résultats suggèrent que la combinaison de faible intensité de rouge plus proche de la lumière IR LED peut fournir une opportunité de traitement efficace pour les personnes ayant la peau photo‐âgée. The combination of red and near IR LED lights may significantly induce COL1A1, ELN, collagen and elastin protein formation in both human adult dermal fibroblasts and in human skin explants. Furthermore, it is shown for the first time that red plus near IR lights combination may also induce LOXL1 gene expression and enhance elastic fiber crosslinks, which are necessary for functional elastic fibers to contribute to skin structural support as skin firmness decreased with photo‐aging. The mechanism of action (MOA) of red plus near IR lights combination treatment may be through inducing ATP production.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>33594706</pmid><doi>10.1111/ics.12698</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2569-6863</orcidid></addata></record>
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identifier ISSN: 0142-5463
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1468-2494
language eng
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source MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library All Journals
subjects Adult
Aging
ATP
Cells, Cultured
Collagen
Collagen (type I)
Collagen (type III)
Collagen - metabolism
Cross-linking
Crosslinking
Elastin
Elastin - metabolism
Energy levels
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Evaluation
Explants
Fibers
Fibroblasts
Fluorescence
genomic/proteomic/ELISA/cell culture
Histology
Humans
In Vitro Techniques
Infrared radiation
Infrared Rays
Light emitting diodes
Light therapy
photo‐biomodulation
Procollagen
Production methods
Proteins
Skin
Skin - metabolism
Skin - radiation effects
skin physiology/structure
title Low‐level red plus near infrared lights combination induces expressions of collagen and elastin in human skin in vitro
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