Serum core‐type fucosylated prostate‐specific antigen index for the detection of high‐risk prostate cancer

It is known that core‐type fucosylation is higher in prostate cancer cells than in other cancer cell types and is associated with high‐risk prostate cancer. Here, we developed an automated microcapillary electrophoresis‐based immunoassay system for measuring serum core‐type fucosylated prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and evaluated whether the serum fucosylated PSA index (FPI) can detect high‐risk prostate cancer. Core‐type fucosylated‐free PSA was measured by our automated microcapillary electrophoresis‐based immunoassay system with Pholiota squarrosa lectin. The FPI was calculated from total PSA and the percentage of fucosylated‐free PSA. The optimum model to predict Gleason grade (GG) ≥2 was constructed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Discrimination was assessed by determining the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC). The study included 252 men who underwent prostate needle biopsy due to elevated serum PSA levels (4‐20 ng/mL), including 138 with GG ≥2. A higher FPI was significantly associated with GG (P