Reverse culture shock, distress symptoms and psychological well‐being of fresh foreign degree holders in Pakistan
This study explored to what extent does reverse culture shock predict the level of anxiety, depression, and psychological well‐being among fresh foreign degree holders in Pakistan, in addition to finding out the relationship between the study variables. Participants consisted of 124 fresh foreign de...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of community psychology 2022-01, Vol.50 (1), p.191-203 |
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| creator | Akhtar, Mubeen Kamal, Anila Imtiaz, Sara Hayee, Aliya A. |
| description | This study explored to what extent does reverse culture shock predict the level of anxiety, depression, and psychological well‐being among fresh foreign degree holders in Pakistan, in addition to finding out the relationship between the study variables. Participants consisted of 124 fresh foreign degree holders (109 men and 15 women) who were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Reverse Culture Shock Scale, Major Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and WHO‐5 Well‐being Index were used to measure study variables. Results show that reverse culture shock is a strong predictor of psychological well‐being explaining 23% variance in well‐being scores of fresh foreign degree holders. As hypothesized, it has positive associations with distress symptoms including anxiety and depression, whereas, a negative correlation was found with psychological well‐being and the age of fresh foreign degree holders. However, contrary to the hypothesis, reverse culture shock has no association with time passed since arrival back home and duration of stay abroad. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/jcop.22520 |
| format | Article |
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Participants consisted of 124 fresh foreign degree holders (109 men and 15 women) who were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Reverse Culture Shock Scale, Major Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and WHO‐5 Well‐being Index were used to measure study variables. Results show that reverse culture shock is a strong predictor of psychological well‐being explaining 23% variance in well‐being scores of fresh foreign degree holders. As hypothesized, it has positive associations with distress symptoms including anxiety and depression, whereas, a negative correlation was found with psychological well‐being and the age of fresh foreign degree holders. 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Participants consisted of 124 fresh foreign degree holders (109 men and 15 women) who were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Reverse Culture Shock Scale, Major Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and WHO‐5 Well‐being Index were used to measure study variables. Results show that reverse culture shock is a strong predictor of psychological well‐being explaining 23% variance in well‐being scores of fresh foreign degree holders. As hypothesized, it has positive associations with distress symptoms including anxiety and depression, whereas, a negative correlation was found with psychological well‐being and the age of fresh foreign degree holders. However, contrary to the hypothesis, reverse culture shock has no association with time passed since arrival back home and duration of stay abroad.</description><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>Cultural conflict</subject><subject>Culture</subject><subject>Culture shock</subject><subject>Depression</subject><subject>distress symptoms</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>fresh foreign degree holders</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Measures</subject><subject>Mental depression</subject><subject>Pakistan</subject><subject>Psychological distress</subject><subject>psychological well‐being</subject><subject>reverse culture shock</subject><subject>Snowball sampling</subject><subject>Sociocultural factors</subject><subject>Well being</subject><issn>0090-4392</issn><issn>1520-6629</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc1OGzEQx62qqATaSx8AWeqlQiz1x37ERxQBBSGBqvZsee1xsmF3vXiyjXLjEXhGnqSGUA4cOM1Y-vnn8fwJ-crZMWdM_FjaMBwLUQj2gUx4KllZCvWRTBhTLMulErtkD3HJ0lnJ6hPZlbKYsooXE4K_4C9EBGrHdjVGoLgI9vaIugZXERApbrphFTqkpnd0wI1dhDbMG2tauoa2fbx_qKHp5zR46tOFBfUhQjPvqYN5BKAJd-kB2vT0xtwmq-k_kx1vWoQvL3Wf_Dk7_T37mV1dn1_MTq4yK4uKZQK48aL0IMpKKlXUuSrlNH3BM-FdalVegVFV7XKTeuec5d5xm9dGgasLuU--b71DDHcj4Ep3Ddo0tOkhjKhFPlVpa7lkCf32Bl2GMfZpOi1KXuSqqCqZqMMtZWNAjOD1EJvOxI3mTD9FoZ-i0M9RJPjgRTnWHbhX9P_uE8C3wLppYfOOSl_Orm-20n9thJYp</recordid><startdate>202201</startdate><enddate>202201</enddate><creator>Akhtar, Mubeen</creator><creator>Kamal, Anila</creator><creator>Imtiaz, Sara</creator><creator>Hayee, Aliya A.</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U4</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>DWI</scope><scope>WZK</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9868-0176</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202201</creationdate><title>Reverse culture shock, distress symptoms and psychological well‐being of fresh foreign degree holders in Pakistan</title><author>Akhtar, Mubeen ; Kamal, Anila ; Imtiaz, Sara ; Hayee, Aliya A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3570-2e1af26fe2673995b49638099f02fd638947ea97bd4a894dddc1fd1c4ba9edb53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Anxiety</topic><topic>Cultural conflict</topic><topic>Culture</topic><topic>Culture shock</topic><topic>Depression</topic><topic>distress symptoms</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>fresh foreign degree holders</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Measures</topic><topic>Mental depression</topic><topic>Pakistan</topic><topic>Psychological distress</topic><topic>psychological well‐being</topic><topic>reverse culture shock</topic><topic>Snowball sampling</topic><topic>Sociocultural factors</topic><topic>Well being</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Akhtar, Mubeen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kamal, Anila</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Imtiaz, Sara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hayee, Aliya A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (pre-2017)</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of community psychology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Akhtar, Mubeen</au><au>Kamal, Anila</au><au>Imtiaz, Sara</au><au>Hayee, Aliya A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Reverse culture shock, distress symptoms and psychological well‐being of fresh foreign degree holders in Pakistan</atitle><jtitle>Journal of community psychology</jtitle><addtitle>J Community Psychol</addtitle><date>2022-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>50</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>191</spage><epage>203</epage><pages>191-203</pages><issn>0090-4392</issn><eissn>1520-6629</eissn><abstract>This study explored to what extent does reverse culture shock predict the level of anxiety, depression, and psychological well‐being among fresh foreign degree holders in Pakistan, in addition to finding out the relationship between the study variables. 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| ispartof | Journal of community psychology, 2022-01, Vol.50 (1), p.191-203 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete; Sociological Abstracts |
| subjects | Anxiety Cultural conflict Culture Culture shock Depression distress symptoms Female fresh foreign degree holders Humans Male Measures Mental depression Pakistan Psychological distress psychological well‐being reverse culture shock Snowball sampling Sociocultural factors Well being |
| title | Reverse culture shock, distress symptoms and psychological well‐being of fresh foreign degree holders in Pakistan |
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