Serum fatty acids and risk of developing islet autoimmunity: A nested case–control study within the TRIGR birth cohort
Background Circulating fatty acids have been linked to development of type 1 diabetes. Objectives To study the prospective associations of serum fatty acids with the risk of islet autoimmunity in high‐risk children. Methods A nested case–control selection was carried out within the TRIGR cohort, whi...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Pediatric diabetes 2021-06, Vol.22 (4), p.577-585 |
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| creator | Hakola, Leena Erlund, Iris Cuthbertson, David Miettinen, Maija E. Autio, Reija Nucci, Anita M. Härkönen, Taina Honkanen, Jarno Vaarala, Outi Hyöty, Heikki Knip, Mikael Krischer, Jeffrey P. Niinistö, Sari Virtanen, Suvi M. |
| description | Background
Circulating fatty acids have been linked to development of type 1 diabetes.
Objectives
To study the prospective associations of serum fatty acids with the risk of islet autoimmunity in high‐risk children.
Methods
A nested case–control selection was carried out within the TRIGR cohort, which included infants with HLA (DQB1 or DQA1)–conferred disease susceptibility and a first‐degree relative with type 1 diabetes, born between 2002 and 2007 in 15 countries and followed‐up until 2017. The present study included 244 case children positive for at least two islet autoantibodies (ICA, IAA, GADA, and IA‐2A) and two control children were matched for country and age. Proportions of 26 serum fatty acids at cord blood and at 6, 12, and 18 months of age were assessed using gas‐chromatography.
Results
The average proportions of the following fatty acids were associated with an increased risk of islet autoimmunity, adjusted for sex, HLA risk, and maternal type 1 diabetes: pentadecanoic acid (15:0) (OR 3.41: 95% CI 1.70, 6.85), heptadecanoic acid (iso 17:0) (2.64: 1.62, 4.28) and (anteiso 17:0) (2.27: 1.39, 3.70), stearic acid (18:0) (23.8: 2.32, 244.6), and conjugated linoleic acid (18:2n‐7) (2.60: 1.47, 4.59). Breastfeeding and not having maternal type 1 diabetes were positively associated with levels of the above‐mentioned fatty acids. N‐3 fatty acids were not consistently associated with islet autoimmunity.
Conclusions
We found direct associations of pentadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, and conjugated linoleic acid with the risk of islet autoimmunity. Further studies are needed to understand the complex role of fatty acids in the development of type 1 diabetes. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/pedi.13189 |
| format | Article |
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Circulating fatty acids have been linked to development of type 1 diabetes.
Objectives
To study the prospective associations of serum fatty acids with the risk of islet autoimmunity in high‐risk children.
Methods
A nested case–control selection was carried out within the TRIGR cohort, which included infants with HLA (DQB1 or DQA1)–conferred disease susceptibility and a first‐degree relative with type 1 diabetes, born between 2002 and 2007 in 15 countries and followed‐up until 2017. The present study included 244 case children positive for at least two islet autoantibodies (ICA, IAA, GADA, and IA‐2A) and two control children were matched for country and age. Proportions of 26 serum fatty acids at cord blood and at 6, 12, and 18 months of age were assessed using gas‐chromatography.
Results
The average proportions of the following fatty acids were associated with an increased risk of islet autoimmunity, adjusted for sex, HLA risk, and maternal type 1 diabetes: pentadecanoic acid (15:0) (OR 3.41: 95% CI 1.70, 6.85), heptadecanoic acid (iso 17:0) (2.64: 1.62, 4.28) and (anteiso 17:0) (2.27: 1.39, 3.70), stearic acid (18:0) (23.8: 2.32, 244.6), and conjugated linoleic acid (18:2n‐7) (2.60: 1.47, 4.59). Breastfeeding and not having maternal type 1 diabetes were positively associated with levels of the above‐mentioned fatty acids. N‐3 fatty acids were not consistently associated with islet autoimmunity.
Conclusions
We found direct associations of pentadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, and conjugated linoleic acid with the risk of islet autoimmunity. Further studies are needed to understand the complex role of fatty acids in the development of type 1 diabetes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1399-543X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1399-5448</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13189</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33543815</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Former Munksgaard: John Wiley & Sons A/S</publisher><subject>Age Factors ; Autoantibodies ; Autoantibodies - blood ; autoimmune disease ; Autoimmunity ; Autoimmunity - physiology ; Birth Cohort ; Breast feeding ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Children ; Cord blood ; Diabetes ; Diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent) ; diabetes mellitus, type 1 ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - immunology ; DQA1 protein ; Fatty acids ; Fatty Acids - blood ; Female ; HLA ; Humans ; Infant ; Infants ; islet autoimmunity ; Islets of Langerhans - immunology ; Linoleic acid ; Male ; Stearic acid</subject><ispartof>Pediatric diabetes, 2021-06, Vol.22 (4), p.577-585</ispartof><rights>2021 The Authors. Pediatric Diabetes published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>2021. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3579-a0db1105865403f6158dbc062df0e62a8e576c8224a91b32004eb093e08f4dcf3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3579-a0db1105865403f6158dbc062df0e62a8e576c8224a91b32004eb093e08f4dcf3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0370-4145 ; 0000-0003-0474-0033 ; 0000-0002-6519-2715 ; 0000-0001-8823-7384 ; 0000-0002-5587-7227 ; 0000-0001-7115-6035 ; 0000-0001-8928-0878</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fpedi.13189$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fpedi.13189$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33543815$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hakola, Leena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Erlund, Iris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cuthbertson, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miettinen, Maija E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Autio, Reija</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nucci, Anita M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Härkönen, Taina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Honkanen, Jarno</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vaarala, Outi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hyöty, Heikki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Knip, Mikael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krischer, Jeffrey P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niinistö, Sari</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Virtanen, Suvi M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>TRIGR Investigators</creatorcontrib><title>Serum fatty acids and risk of developing islet autoimmunity: A nested case–control study within the TRIGR birth cohort</title><title>Pediatric diabetes</title><addtitle>Pediatr Diabetes</addtitle><description>Background
Circulating fatty acids have been linked to development of type 1 diabetes.
Objectives
To study the prospective associations of serum fatty acids with the risk of islet autoimmunity in high‐risk children.
Methods
A nested case–control selection was carried out within the TRIGR cohort, which included infants with HLA (DQB1 or DQA1)–conferred disease susceptibility and a first‐degree relative with type 1 diabetes, born between 2002 and 2007 in 15 countries and followed‐up until 2017. The present study included 244 case children positive for at least two islet autoantibodies (ICA, IAA, GADA, and IA‐2A) and two control children were matched for country and age. Proportions of 26 serum fatty acids at cord blood and at 6, 12, and 18 months of age were assessed using gas‐chromatography.
Results
The average proportions of the following fatty acids were associated with an increased risk of islet autoimmunity, adjusted for sex, HLA risk, and maternal type 1 diabetes: pentadecanoic acid (15:0) (OR 3.41: 95% CI 1.70, 6.85), heptadecanoic acid (iso 17:0) (2.64: 1.62, 4.28) and (anteiso 17:0) (2.27: 1.39, 3.70), stearic acid (18:0) (23.8: 2.32, 244.6), and conjugated linoleic acid (18:2n‐7) (2.60: 1.47, 4.59). Breastfeeding and not having maternal type 1 diabetes were positively associated with levels of the above‐mentioned fatty acids. N‐3 fatty acids were not consistently associated with islet autoimmunity.
Conclusions
We found direct associations of pentadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, and conjugated linoleic acid with the risk of islet autoimmunity. Further studies are needed to understand the complex role of fatty acids in the development of type 1 diabetes.</description><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Autoantibodies</subject><subject>Autoantibodies - blood</subject><subject>autoimmune disease</subject><subject>Autoimmunity</subject><subject>Autoimmunity - physiology</subject><subject>Birth Cohort</subject><subject>Breast feeding</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Cord blood</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent)</subject><subject>diabetes mellitus, type 1</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - blood</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - immunology</subject><subject>DQA1 protein</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Fatty Acids - blood</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>HLA</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infants</subject><subject>islet autoimmunity</subject><subject>Islets of Langerhans - immunology</subject><subject>Linoleic acid</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Stearic acid</subject><issn>1399-543X</issn><issn>1399-5448</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU1LHTEUhoO0qLVu_AHlQDelcDUfk7mZ7sSvXhAUa6G7kEnO9MbOTG6TjDq7_of-w_6Sjl7rogvP5hwODy8vPITsMbrPpjlYofP7TDBVbZBtJqpqJotCvXq-xbct8ialG0rZvBLFJtkSYvoqJrfJ_ReMQweNyXkEY71LYHoH0acfEBpweIttWPn-O_jUYgYz5OC7buh9Hj_BIfSYMjqwJuGfX79t6HMMLaQ8uBHufF76HvIS4fpqcXYFtY95CTYsQ8xvyevGtAl3n_YO-Xp6cn30eXZ-cbY4OjyfWSHn1cxQVzNGpSplQUVTMqlcbWnJXUOx5EahnJdWcV6YitWCU1pgTSuBVDWFs43YIR_WuasYfg5TW935ZLFtTY9hSJoXas4kZaqc0Pf_oTdhiP3UTnPJGX-sMFEf15SNIaWIjV5F35k4akb1gw_94EM_-pjgd0-RQ92he0b_CZgAtgbufIvjC1H68uR4sQ79C_z4llo</recordid><startdate>202106</startdate><enddate>202106</enddate><creator>Hakola, Leena</creator><creator>Erlund, Iris</creator><creator>Cuthbertson, David</creator><creator>Miettinen, Maija E.</creator><creator>Autio, Reija</creator><creator>Nucci, Anita M.</creator><creator>Härkönen, Taina</creator><creator>Honkanen, Jarno</creator><creator>Vaarala, Outi</creator><creator>Hyöty, Heikki</creator><creator>Knip, Mikael</creator><creator>Krischer, Jeffrey P.</creator><creator>Niinistö, Sari</creator><creator>Virtanen, Suvi M.</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons A/S</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0370-4145</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0474-0033</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6519-2715</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8823-7384</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5587-7227</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7115-6035</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8928-0878</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202106</creationdate><title>Serum fatty acids and risk of developing islet autoimmunity: A nested case–control study within the TRIGR birth cohort</title><author>Hakola, Leena ; Erlund, Iris ; Cuthbertson, David ; Miettinen, Maija E. ; Autio, Reija ; Nucci, Anita M. ; Härkönen, Taina ; Honkanen, Jarno ; Vaarala, Outi ; Hyöty, Heikki ; Knip, Mikael ; Krischer, Jeffrey P. ; Niinistö, Sari ; Virtanen, Suvi M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3579-a0db1105865403f6158dbc062df0e62a8e576c8224a91b32004eb093e08f4dcf3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Age Factors</topic><topic>Autoantibodies</topic><topic>Autoantibodies - blood</topic><topic>autoimmune disease</topic><topic>Autoimmunity</topic><topic>Autoimmunity - physiology</topic><topic>Birth Cohort</topic><topic>Breast feeding</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Cord blood</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent)</topic><topic>diabetes mellitus, type 1</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - blood</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - immunology</topic><topic>DQA1 protein</topic><topic>Fatty acids</topic><topic>Fatty Acids - blood</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>HLA</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infants</topic><topic>islet autoimmunity</topic><topic>Islets of Langerhans - immunology</topic><topic>Linoleic acid</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Stearic acid</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hakola, Leena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Erlund, Iris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cuthbertson, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miettinen, Maija E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Autio, Reija</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nucci, Anita M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Härkönen, Taina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Honkanen, Jarno</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vaarala, Outi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hyöty, Heikki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Knip, Mikael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krischer, Jeffrey P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niinistö, Sari</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Virtanen, Suvi M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>TRIGR Investigators</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley Online Library Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Pediatric diabetes</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hakola, Leena</au><au>Erlund, Iris</au><au>Cuthbertson, David</au><au>Miettinen, Maija E.</au><au>Autio, Reija</au><au>Nucci, Anita M.</au><au>Härkönen, Taina</au><au>Honkanen, Jarno</au><au>Vaarala, Outi</au><au>Hyöty, Heikki</au><au>Knip, Mikael</au><au>Krischer, Jeffrey P.</au><au>Niinistö, Sari</au><au>Virtanen, Suvi M.</au><aucorp>TRIGR Investigators</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Serum fatty acids and risk of developing islet autoimmunity: A nested case–control study within the TRIGR birth cohort</atitle><jtitle>Pediatric diabetes</jtitle><addtitle>Pediatr Diabetes</addtitle><date>2021-06</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>577</spage><epage>585</epage><pages>577-585</pages><issn>1399-543X</issn><eissn>1399-5448</eissn><abstract>Background
Circulating fatty acids have been linked to development of type 1 diabetes.
Objectives
To study the prospective associations of serum fatty acids with the risk of islet autoimmunity in high‐risk children.
Methods
A nested case–control selection was carried out within the TRIGR cohort, which included infants with HLA (DQB1 or DQA1)–conferred disease susceptibility and a first‐degree relative with type 1 diabetes, born between 2002 and 2007 in 15 countries and followed‐up until 2017. The present study included 244 case children positive for at least two islet autoantibodies (ICA, IAA, GADA, and IA‐2A) and two control children were matched for country and age. Proportions of 26 serum fatty acids at cord blood and at 6, 12, and 18 months of age were assessed using gas‐chromatography.
Results
The average proportions of the following fatty acids were associated with an increased risk of islet autoimmunity, adjusted for sex, HLA risk, and maternal type 1 diabetes: pentadecanoic acid (15:0) (OR 3.41: 95% CI 1.70, 6.85), heptadecanoic acid (iso 17:0) (2.64: 1.62, 4.28) and (anteiso 17:0) (2.27: 1.39, 3.70), stearic acid (18:0) (23.8: 2.32, 244.6), and conjugated linoleic acid (18:2n‐7) (2.60: 1.47, 4.59). Breastfeeding and not having maternal type 1 diabetes were positively associated with levels of the above‐mentioned fatty acids. N‐3 fatty acids were not consistently associated with islet autoimmunity.
Conclusions
We found direct associations of pentadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, and conjugated linoleic acid with the risk of islet autoimmunity. Further studies are needed to understand the complex role of fatty acids in the development of type 1 diabetes.</abstract><cop>Former Munksgaard</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons A/S</pub><pmid>33543815</pmid><doi>10.1111/pedi.13189</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0370-4145</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0474-0033</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6519-2715</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8823-7384</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5587-7227</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7115-6035</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8928-0878</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Pediatric diabetes, 2021-06, Vol.22 (4), p.577-585 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Age Factors Autoantibodies Autoantibodies - blood autoimmune disease Autoimmunity Autoimmunity - physiology Birth Cohort Breast feeding Case-Control Studies Child Child, Preschool Children Cord blood Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus, type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - blood Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - immunology DQA1 protein Fatty acids Fatty Acids - blood Female HLA Humans Infant Infants islet autoimmunity Islets of Langerhans - immunology Linoleic acid Male Stearic acid |
| title | Serum fatty acids and risk of developing islet autoimmunity: A nested case–control study within the TRIGR birth cohort |
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