A two-level system as a model for a photovoltaic solar cell
The operation of a photovoltaic solar cell is discussed with a quantum two-level system as a model. A detailed-balance calculation is carried out, from which the parameters of the converter, illuminated by radiation from a black body, are exactly obtained in different geometries, taking into account...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | J. Appl. Phys.; (United States) 1985-02, Vol.57 (4), p.1347-1355 |
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| container_title | J. Appl. Phys.; (United States) |
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| creator | BARUCH, P |
| description | The operation of a photovoltaic solar cell is discussed with a quantum two-level system as a model. A detailed-balance calculation is carried out, from which the parameters of the converter, illuminated by radiation from a black body, are exactly obtained in different geometries, taking into account radiative recombination processes. It is shown that in a 4π geometry (source fully surrounding the converter) with total radiative recombination, the thermodynamic efficiency is equal to the Carnot efficiency at zero current (open circuit): the converter behaves as an ideal thermal engine, fully reversible when delivering no power (the practical efficiency is evidently zero). The reversibility is ensured by the complete exchange of photons between the source and the converter. The current-voltage relation is obtained in all cases, and it is shown that the two-level system follows the ideal diode equation. The calculation of the thermodynamic efficiency is generalized to an energy band system (real semiconductor) with radiative recombination and is shown to be maximum at open circuit, but lower than the Carnot efficiency because of irreversibilities induced by the thermalization of carriers. The effective source temperature concept is discussed. It is shown to be valid for a two-level system, but has less physical meaning for a two-band system. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1063/1.334486 |
| format | Article |
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P. 166, 38042 Grenoble Cedex, France, and</creatorcontrib><description>The operation of a photovoltaic solar cell is discussed with a quantum two-level system as a model. A detailed-balance calculation is carried out, from which the parameters of the converter, illuminated by radiation from a black body, are exactly obtained in different geometries, taking into account radiative recombination processes. It is shown that in a 4π geometry (source fully surrounding the converter) with total radiative recombination, the thermodynamic efficiency is equal to the Carnot efficiency at zero current (open circuit): the converter behaves as an ideal thermal engine, fully reversible when delivering no power (the practical efficiency is evidently zero). The reversibility is ensured by the complete exchange of photons between the source and the converter. The current-voltage relation is obtained in all cases, and it is shown that the two-level system follows the ideal diode equation. The calculation of the thermodynamic efficiency is generalized to an energy band system (real semiconductor) with radiative recombination and is shown to be maximum at open circuit, but lower than the Carnot efficiency because of irreversibilities induced by the thermalization of carriers. The effective source temperature concept is discussed. It is shown to be valid for a two-level system, but has less physical meaning for a two-band system.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-8979</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1089-7550</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1063/1.334486</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JAPIAU</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Woodbury, NY: American Institute of Physics</publisher><subject>140501 - Solar Energy Conversion- Photovoltaic Conversion ; Applied sciences ; BLACKBODY RADIATION ; CHARGED-PARTICLE TRANSPORT ; DATA ; DIRECT ENERGY CONVERTERS ; EFFICIENCY ; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY ; ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES ; ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION ; Energy ; Exact sciences and technology ; INFORMATION ; MATHEMATICAL MODELS ; Natural energy ; NUMERICAL DATA ; OPERATION ; PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY ; PHOTOELECTRIC CELLS ; PHOTOELECTROMAGNETIC EFFECTS ; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS ; PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT ; PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ; RADIATION TRANSPORT ; RADIATIONS ; RECOMBINATION ; SOLAR CELLS ; SOLAR ENERGY ; SOLAR EQUIPMENT ; THEORETICAL DATA ; THERMAL EFFICIENCY ; VALENCE</subject><ispartof>J. 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The current-voltage relation is obtained in all cases, and it is shown that the two-level system follows the ideal diode equation. The calculation of the thermodynamic efficiency is generalized to an energy band system (real semiconductor) with radiative recombination and is shown to be maximum at open circuit, but lower than the Carnot efficiency because of irreversibilities induced by the thermalization of carriers. The effective source temperature concept is discussed. It is shown to be valid for a two-level system, but has less physical meaning for a two-band system.</description><subject>140501 - Solar Energy Conversion- Photovoltaic Conversion</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>BLACKBODY RADIATION</subject><subject>CHARGED-PARTICLE TRANSPORT</subject><subject>DATA</subject><subject>DIRECT ENERGY CONVERTERS</subject><subject>EFFICIENCY</subject><subject>ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY</subject><subject>ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES</subject><subject>ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION</subject><subject>Energy</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>INFORMATION</subject><subject>MATHEMATICAL MODELS</subject><subject>Natural energy</subject><subject>NUMERICAL DATA</subject><subject>OPERATION</subject><subject>PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY</subject><subject>PHOTOELECTRIC CELLS</subject><subject>PHOTOELECTROMAGNETIC EFFECTS</subject><subject>PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS</subject><subject>PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT</subject><subject>PHYSICAL PROPERTIES</subject><subject>RADIATION TRANSPORT</subject><subject>RADIATIONS</subject><subject>RECOMBINATION</subject><subject>SOLAR CELLS</subject><subject>SOLAR ENERGY</subject><subject>SOLAR EQUIPMENT</subject><subject>THEORETICAL DATA</subject><subject>THERMAL EFFICIENCY</subject><subject>VALENCE</subject><issn>0021-8979</issn><issn>1089-7550</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1985</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNo90E1LAzEQBuAgCtYq-BMWEfGyNV-bTfBUil9Q8KLnMM0mdCW7qUla6b936xZPMwwPL8OL0DXBM4IFeyAzxjiX4gRNCJaqrKsKn6IJxpSUUtXqHF2k9IUxIZKpCXqcF_knlN7urC_SPmXbFZAKKLrQDBcX4rBv1iGHXfAZWlOk4CEWxnp_ic4c-GSvjnOKPp-fPhav5fL95W0xX5aG0jqXApRtrGWrxrGKUmUZVdyJxlkgYHBdcW4YVE5UhCgAbqhQgsuVMwYk4TWbopsxN6Tc6mTabM3ahL63JmtBqeB_6G5Emxi-tzZl3bXp8CX0NmyTplzWQz8HeD9CE0NK0Tq9iW0Hca8J1ocKNdFjhQO9PWZCMuBdhN606d9LLgijjP0CrGhuLQ</recordid><startdate>19850215</startdate><enddate>19850215</enddate><creator>BARUCH, P</creator><general>American Institute of Physics</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19850215</creationdate><title>A two-level system as a model for a photovoltaic solar cell</title><author>BARUCH, P</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c227t-6a9edee3bdf35229e3294f6dfea1ac07544c3a5f65119aa4c269648bfcca81473</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1985</creationdate><topic>140501 - Solar Energy Conversion- Photovoltaic Conversion</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>BLACKBODY RADIATION</topic><topic>CHARGED-PARTICLE TRANSPORT</topic><topic>DATA</topic><topic>DIRECT ENERGY CONVERTERS</topic><topic>EFFICIENCY</topic><topic>ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY</topic><topic>ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES</topic><topic>ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION</topic><topic>Energy</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>INFORMATION</topic><topic>MATHEMATICAL MODELS</topic><topic>Natural energy</topic><topic>NUMERICAL DATA</topic><topic>OPERATION</topic><topic>PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY</topic><topic>PHOTOELECTRIC CELLS</topic><topic>PHOTOELECTROMAGNETIC EFFECTS</topic><topic>PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS</topic><topic>PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT</topic><topic>PHYSICAL PROPERTIES</topic><topic>RADIATION TRANSPORT</topic><topic>RADIATIONS</topic><topic>RECOMBINATION</topic><topic>SOLAR CELLS</topic><topic>SOLAR ENERGY</topic><topic>SOLAR EQUIPMENT</topic><topic>THEORETICAL DATA</topic><topic>THERMAL EFFICIENCY</topic><topic>VALENCE</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>BARUCH, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Laboratoire d'Etudes des Proprietes Electroniques des Solides, CNRS, B. P. 166, 38042 Grenoble Cedex, France, and</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>J. Appl. Phys.; (United States)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>BARUCH, P</au><aucorp>Laboratoire d'Etudes des Proprietes Electroniques des Solides, CNRS, B. P. 166, 38042 Grenoble Cedex, France, and</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A two-level system as a model for a photovoltaic solar cell</atitle><jtitle>J. Appl. Phys.; (United States)</jtitle><date>1985-02-15</date><risdate>1985</risdate><volume>57</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1347</spage><epage>1355</epage><pages>1347-1355</pages><issn>0021-8979</issn><eissn>1089-7550</eissn><coden>JAPIAU</coden><abstract>The operation of a photovoltaic solar cell is discussed with a quantum two-level system as a model. A detailed-balance calculation is carried out, from which the parameters of the converter, illuminated by radiation from a black body, are exactly obtained in different geometries, taking into account radiative recombination processes. It is shown that in a 4π geometry (source fully surrounding the converter) with total radiative recombination, the thermodynamic efficiency is equal to the Carnot efficiency at zero current (open circuit): the converter behaves as an ideal thermal engine, fully reversible when delivering no power (the practical efficiency is evidently zero). The reversibility is ensured by the complete exchange of photons between the source and the converter. The current-voltage relation is obtained in all cases, and it is shown that the two-level system follows the ideal diode equation. The calculation of the thermodynamic efficiency is generalized to an energy band system (real semiconductor) with radiative recombination and is shown to be maximum at open circuit, but lower than the Carnot efficiency because of irreversibilities induced by the thermalization of carriers. The effective source temperature concept is discussed. It is shown to be valid for a two-level system, but has less physical meaning for a two-band system.</abstract><cop>Woodbury, NY</cop><pub>American Institute of Physics</pub><doi>10.1063/1.334486</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0021-8979 |
| ispartof | J. Appl. Phys.; (United States), 1985-02, Vol.57 (4), p.1347-1355 |
| issn | 0021-8979 1089-7550 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_24870637 |
| source | AIP Digital Archive |
| subjects | 140501 - Solar Energy Conversion- Photovoltaic Conversion Applied sciences BLACKBODY RADIATION CHARGED-PARTICLE TRANSPORT DATA DIRECT ENERGY CONVERTERS EFFICIENCY ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION Energy Exact sciences and technology INFORMATION MATHEMATICAL MODELS Natural energy NUMERICAL DATA OPERATION PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY PHOTOELECTRIC CELLS PHOTOELECTROMAGNETIC EFFECTS PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT PHYSICAL PROPERTIES RADIATION TRANSPORT RADIATIONS RECOMBINATION SOLAR CELLS SOLAR ENERGY SOLAR EQUIPMENT THEORETICAL DATA THERMAL EFFICIENCY VALENCE |
| title | A two-level system as a model for a photovoltaic solar cell |
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