Derivation of Pheromone-Based Larval Thresholds in Spruce Budworm Accounting for Distance to Defoliated Forest Stands

Spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clem. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is the most severe defoliator of Pinaceae in Nearctic boreal forests. Three tools widely used to guide large-scale management decisions (year-to-year defoliation maps; density of overwintering second instars [L2]; number of m...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Journal of economic entomology 2021-04, Vol.114 (2), p.769-775
Hauptverfasser:	Rhainds, Marc, DeMerchant, Ian, Therrien, Pierre
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	boreal forest disturbance Boreal forests Butterflies & moths Defoliation Entomology eruptive population dynamics FOREST ENTOMOLOGY Forests Instars large-scale forest pest management program monitoring of forest defoliator Overwintering Pheromone traps Pheromones sink-hole population dynamics
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