Posterior-only surgical correction with heavy halo-femoral traction for the treatment of extremely severe and rigid adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (> 130°)

Introduction The treatment of extremely severe and rigid spinal deformities was a great surgical challenge. Pulmonary impairment often occurred, which increased the challenges to already daunting surgical approaches. The present study was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of posterior-only surgical correction with heavy halo-femoral traction (HFT) for the treatment of extremely severe and rigid adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) of more than 130°. Materials and methods From 2010 to 2017, 11 patients suffered from extremely severe and rigid AIS of more than 130° underwent posterior-only surgical correction with HFT. The preoperative mean coronal Cobb angle of major curve was 139.01° ± 5.83°, and the mean flexibility was 17.21% ± 3.33%; the mean angle of thoracic kyphosis (TK) and lumbar lordosis (LL) were 65.02° ± 7.21° and 39.05° ± 4.08°, respectively; the mean trunk shift (TS) and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were 3.3 ± 0.97 cm and 3.97 ± 1.16 cm, respectively; moreover, the percent forced vital capacity (FVC%) and percent forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%) were 50.08% ± 6.07% and 53.46% ± 5.96%, respectively; the mean body height and weight were 140.09 ± 4.95 cm and 37 ± 4.34 kg, respectively. Results The mean duration of surgery was 335.91 ± 48.31 min and blood loss was 1590 ± 520.1 ml. The average period of follow-up was 32.18 ± 8.17 months. After heavy HFT, the mean coronal Cobb angle of major curve was reduced to 82.98° ± 6.91° with correction rate of 40.39%. After posterior-only surgical correction, the mean coronal Cobb angle was further reduced to 51.17° ± 5.4° with correction rate of 63.27%. The postoperative mean TK, LL, TS and SVA were improved to 23.85° ± 5.14°, 44.95° ± 2.26°, 1.32 ± 0.72 cm and 1.42 ± 0.83 cm, respectively. At the final follow-up, the corrective loss rate of Cobb angle was only 0.72%; moreover, the mean FVC% and FEV1% were increased to 65.45% ± 5.29% and 69.08% ± 5.32% with improvement of 15.36% and 15.62%, respectively; the mean body height and weight were increased to 154.45 ± 5.32 cm and 45 ± 4.02 kg with improvement of 14.36 cm and 8 kg, respectively. The spinal cord function was stable, and there were no new neurological symptoms after correction. Conclusions Posterior-only surgical correction with heavy HFT could be safe and effective for the treatment of extremely severe and rigid AIS of more than 130° in reducing the incidence of complications and greatly improving curve correction.