Lessons from the host defences of bats, a unique viral reservoir
There have been several major outbreaks of emerging viral diseases, including Hendra, Nipah, Marburg and Ebola virus diseases, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)—as well as the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Notably, all of...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nature (London) 2021-01, Vol.589 (7842), p.363-370 |
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| creator | Irving, Aaron T. Ahn, Matae Goh, Geraldine Anderson, Danielle E. Wang, Lin-Fa |
| description | There have been several major outbreaks of emerging viral diseases, including Hendra, Nipah, Marburg and Ebola virus diseases, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)—as well as the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Notably, all of these outbreaks have been linked to suspected zoonotic transmission of bat-borne viruses. Bats—the only flying mammal—display several additional features that are unique among mammals, such as a long lifespan relative to body size, a low rate of tumorigenesis and an exceptional ability to host viruses without presenting clinical disease. Here we discuss the mechanisms that underpin the host defence system and immune tolerance of bats, and their ramifications for human health and disease. Recent studies suggest that 64 million years of adaptive evolution have shaped the host defence system of bats to balance defence and tolerance, which has resulted in a unique ability to act as an ideal reservoir host for viruses. Lessons from the effective host defence of bats would help us to better understand viral evolution and to better predict, prevent and control future viral spillovers. Studying the mechanisms of immune tolerance in bats could lead to new approaches to improving human health. We strongly believe that it is time to focus on bats in research for the benefit of both bats and humankind.
Unique biological traits of bats and adaptive evolution associated with flight confer immunotolerance of viral infection that may help to make bats special reservoir hosts for viruses. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41586-020-03128-0 |
| format | Article |
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Academic</collection><jtitle>Nature (London)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Irving, Aaron T.</au><au>Ahn, Matae</au><au>Goh, Geraldine</au><au>Anderson, Danielle E.</au><au>Wang, Lin-Fa</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Lessons from the host defences of bats, a unique viral reservoir</atitle><jtitle>Nature (London)</jtitle><stitle>Nature</stitle><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><date>2021-01-21</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>589</volume><issue>7842</issue><spage>363</spage><epage>370</epage><pages>363-370</pages><issn>0028-0836</issn><eissn>1476-4687</eissn><abstract>There have been several major outbreaks of emerging viral diseases, including Hendra, Nipah, Marburg and Ebola virus diseases, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)—as well as the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Notably, all of these outbreaks have been linked to suspected zoonotic transmission of bat-borne viruses. Bats—the only flying mammal—display several additional features that are unique among mammals, such as a long lifespan relative to body size, a low rate of tumorigenesis and an exceptional ability to host viruses without presenting clinical disease. Here we discuss the mechanisms that underpin the host defence system and immune tolerance of bats, and their ramifications for human health and disease. Recent studies suggest that 64 million years of adaptive evolution have shaped the host defence system of bats to balance defence and tolerance, which has resulted in a unique ability to act as an ideal reservoir host for viruses. Lessons from the effective host defence of bats would help us to better understand viral evolution and to better predict, prevent and control future viral spillovers. Studying the mechanisms of immune tolerance in bats could lead to new approaches to improving human health. We strongly believe that it is time to focus on bats in research for the benefit of both bats and humankind.
Unique biological traits of bats and adaptive evolution associated with flight confer immunotolerance of viral infection that may help to make bats special reservoir hosts for viruses.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>33473223</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41586-020-03128-0</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2752-0535</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2114-8250</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4791-5024</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0196-1570</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2370-6287</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0028-0836 |
| ispartof | Nature (London), 2021-01, Vol.589 (7842), p.363-370 |
| issn | 0028-0836 1476-4687 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2479749140 |
| source | MEDLINE; Nature; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | 13 13/1 13/106 13/109 13/31 45 45/90 45/91 631/181/2474 631/250/2499 631/326/596 631/326/596/4130 Adaptation (Physiology) Adaptive systems Analysis Animals Asymptomatic Diseases Bats Body size Chiroptera Chiroptera - immunology Chiroptera - virology Coronaviruses COVID-19 Disease Reservoirs - veterinary Disease Reservoirs - virology Evolution Evolution, Molecular Host-virus relationships Humanities and Social Sciences Humans Immune Tolerance Immunological tolerance Life span Mammals Middle East respiratory syndrome multidisciplinary Outbreaks Pandemics Perspective Physiological aspects Public health Respiratory diseases Science Science (multidisciplinary) Severe acute respiratory syndrome Tumorigenesis Varieties Viral diseases Viral Zoonoses - immunology Viral Zoonoses - transmission Viral Zoonoses - virology Viruses Zoonoses |
| title | Lessons from the host defences of bats, a unique viral reservoir |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-18T04%3A05%3A50IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_proqu&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lessons%20from%20the%20host%20defences%20of%20bats,%20a%20unique%20viral%20reservoir&rft.jtitle=Nature%20(London)&rft.au=Irving,%20Aaron%20T.&rft.date=2021-01-21&rft.volume=589&rft.issue=7842&rft.spage=363&rft.epage=370&rft.pages=363-370&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft.eissn=1476-4687&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038/s41586-020-03128-0&rft_dat=%3Cgale_proqu%3EA655577187%3C/gale_proqu%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2480007696&rft_id=info:pmid/33473223&rft_galeid=A655577187&rfr_iscdi=true |