Digit ratio (2D:4D) and amniotic testosterone and estradiol: an attempted replication of Lutchmaya et al. (2004)
The ratio of length between the second (index) and fourth (ring) fingers (digit ratio or 2D:4D) is frequently employed as a retrospective marker of prenatal sex hormone exposure. Lutchmaya et al. (2004) reported that the ratio of testosterone (T) to estradiol (E) present in second-trimester amniotic...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of developmental origins of health and disease 2021-12, Vol.12 (6), p.859-864 |
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| container_title | Journal of developmental origins of health and disease |
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| creator | Richards, Gareth Browne, Wendy V. Constantinescu, Mihaela |
| description | The ratio of length between the second (index) and fourth (ring) fingers (digit ratio or 2D:4D) is frequently employed as a retrospective marker of prenatal sex hormone exposure. Lutchmaya et al. (2004) reported that the ratio of testosterone (T) to estradiol (E) present in second-trimester amniotic fluid was negatively correlated with digit ratios for the right hand (but not the left hand) in a sample of 29 children at 2-year follow-up. This observation is frequently cited as evidence for the measure’s validity but has not been replicated. We therefore present the findings of another study of amniotic T and E that did not find evidence for these effects at 4½-year follow-up. The confidence intervals were large, the direction of correlations observed was generally erratic, and the overall findings question the premise that second-trimester sex hormones affect the development of digit length ratios in humans. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1017/S2040174420001294 |
| format | Article |
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The confidence intervals were large, the direction of correlations observed was generally erratic, and the overall findings question the premise that second-trimester sex hormones affect the development of digit length ratios in humans.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2040-1744</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2040-1752</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1017/S2040174420001294</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33472723</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press</publisher><subject>Adult ; Amniocentesis ; Amniotic fluid ; Amniotic Fluid - chemistry ; Amniotic Fluid - metabolism ; Androgens ; Brief Reports ; Chromatography ; Confidence intervals ; Digit Ratios ; Estradiol - analysis ; Female ; Females ; Fingers - physiology ; Gender differences ; Gestational age ; Hormones ; Humans ; Male ; Males ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Sample size ; Sex Characteristics ; Spectrum analysis ; Testosterone ; Testosterone - analysis ; Values ; Variables</subject><ispartof>Journal of developmental origins of health and disease, 2021-12, Vol.12 (6), p.859-864</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), 2021. 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(2004)</title><title>Journal of developmental origins of health and disease</title><addtitle>J Dev Orig Health Dis</addtitle><description>The ratio of length between the second (index) and fourth (ring) fingers (digit ratio or 2D:4D) is frequently employed as a retrospective marker of prenatal sex hormone exposure. Lutchmaya et al. (2004) reported that the ratio of testosterone (T) to estradiol (E) present in second-trimester amniotic fluid was negatively correlated with digit ratios for the right hand (but not the left hand) in a sample of 29 children at 2-year follow-up. This observation is frequently cited as evidence for the measure’s validity but has not been replicated. We therefore present the findings of another study of amniotic T and E that did not find evidence for these effects at 4½-year follow-up. The confidence intervals were large, the direction of correlations observed was generally erratic, and the overall findings question the premise that second-trimester sex hormones affect the development of digit length ratios in humans.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Amniocentesis</subject><subject>Amniotic fluid</subject><subject>Amniotic Fluid - chemistry</subject><subject>Amniotic Fluid - metabolism</subject><subject>Androgens</subject><subject>Brief Reports</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Confidence intervals</subject><subject>Digit Ratios</subject><subject>Estradiol - analysis</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>Fingers - physiology</subject><subject>Gender differences</subject><subject>Gestational age</subject><subject>Hormones</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Mothers</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Sample size</subject><subject>Sex Characteristics</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><subject>Testosterone</subject><subject>Testosterone - analysis</subject><subject>Values</subject><subject>Variables</subject><issn>2040-1744</issn><issn>2040-1752</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kU1OwzAQhS0EAgQcgA2yxAYWBf8ljrtDlD-pEgtgHTnOpBglcWs7C27DWTgZLpQigViNx_7em7EeQoeUnFFC5fkDIyJVIRghhDIlNtDu8mpEZcY212chdtBBCC8JIpyKJNlGO5wLySTju2gxsTMbsdfROnzCJmMxOcW6r7HueuuiNThCiC5E8K6Hz5fUe11b145Ti3WM0M0j1NjDvLVmadRj1-DpEM1zp181hvj-ptuzZE-ION1HW41uAxys6h56ur56vLwdTe9v7i4vpiMjChZHkoLUTVEVRaZMQ2idKxDpl8AazpVQwGXNMlCVYRWtM6IJFA3JVJblOTdG8T108uU7924xpKXLzgYDbat7cEMomZBKioLnPKHHv9AXN_g-bVeynBElec5YougXZbwLwUNTzr3ttH8tKSmXkZR_Ikmao5XzUHVQrxXfASSAr0x1V3lbz-Bn9v-2H3Y-kuE</recordid><startdate>20211201</startdate><enddate>20211201</enddate><creator>Richards, Gareth</creator><creator>Browne, Wendy V.</creator><creator>Constantinescu, Mihaela</creator><general>Cambridge University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0233-0153</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211201</creationdate><title>Digit ratio (2D:4D) and amniotic testosterone and estradiol: an attempted replication of Lutchmaya et al. (2004)</title><author>Richards, Gareth ; Browne, Wendy V. ; Constantinescu, Mihaela</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c482t-71e7af8b8859cf01d69e4294e2f33949e37d25e9bc2b1d50a0e8f05955663cc93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Amniocentesis</topic><topic>Amniotic fluid</topic><topic>Amniotic Fluid - chemistry</topic><topic>Amniotic Fluid - metabolism</topic><topic>Androgens</topic><topic>Brief Reports</topic><topic>Chromatography</topic><topic>Confidence intervals</topic><topic>Digit Ratios</topic><topic>Estradiol - analysis</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Females</topic><topic>Fingers - physiology</topic><topic>Gender differences</topic><topic>Gestational age</topic><topic>Hormones</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Males</topic><topic>Mothers</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Sample size</topic><topic>Sex Characteristics</topic><topic>Spectrum analysis</topic><topic>Testosterone</topic><topic>Testosterone - analysis</topic><topic>Values</topic><topic>Variables</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Richards, Gareth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Browne, Wendy V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Constantinescu, Mihaela</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of developmental origins of health and disease</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Richards, Gareth</au><au>Browne, Wendy V.</au><au>Constantinescu, Mihaela</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Digit ratio (2D:4D) and amniotic testosterone and estradiol: an attempted replication of Lutchmaya et al. (2004)</atitle><jtitle>Journal of developmental origins of health and disease</jtitle><addtitle>J Dev Orig Health Dis</addtitle><date>2021-12-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>859</spage><epage>864</epage><pages>859-864</pages><issn>2040-1744</issn><eissn>2040-1752</eissn><abstract>The ratio of length between the second (index) and fourth (ring) fingers (digit ratio or 2D:4D) is frequently employed as a retrospective marker of prenatal sex hormone exposure. Lutchmaya et al. (2004) reported that the ratio of testosterone (T) to estradiol (E) present in second-trimester amniotic fluid was negatively correlated with digit ratios for the right hand (but not the left hand) in a sample of 29 children at 2-year follow-up. This observation is frequently cited as evidence for the measure’s validity but has not been replicated. We therefore present the findings of another study of amniotic T and E that did not find evidence for these effects at 4½-year follow-up. The confidence intervals were large, the direction of correlations observed was generally erratic, and the overall findings question the premise that second-trimester sex hormones affect the development of digit length ratios in humans.</abstract><cop>Cambridge, UK</cop><pub>Cambridge University Press</pub><pmid>33472723</pmid><doi>10.1017/S2040174420001294</doi><tpages>6</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0233-0153</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Cambridge University Press Journals Complete |
| subjects | Adult Amniocentesis Amniotic fluid Amniotic Fluid - chemistry Amniotic Fluid - metabolism Androgens Brief Reports Chromatography Confidence intervals Digit Ratios Estradiol - analysis Female Females Fingers - physiology Gender differences Gestational age Hormones Humans Male Males Mothers Pregnancy Retrospective Studies Sample size Sex Characteristics Spectrum analysis Testosterone Testosterone - analysis Values Variables |
| title | Digit ratio (2D:4D) and amniotic testosterone and estradiol: an attempted replication of Lutchmaya et al. (2004) |
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