Association between prophylactic antibiotic use for transarterial chemoembolization and occurrence of liver abscess: a retrospective cohort study

Clinical evidence on prophylactic antibiotics for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) to prevent liver abscess is limited because liver abscess is a rare event. This study aimed to analyse the association between prophylactic antibiotic use for TACE and the occurrence of liver abscess after TACE....

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Veröffentlicht in:Clinical microbiology and infection 2021-10, Vol.27 (10), p.1514.e5-1514.e10
Hauptverfasser: Yoshihara, Shingo, Yamana, Hayato, Akahane, Manabu, Kishimoto, Miwa, Nishioka, Yuichi, Noda, Tatsuya, Matsui, Hiroki, Fushimi, Kiyohide, Yasunaga, Hideo, Kasahara, Kei, Imamura, Tomoaki
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container_end_page 1514.e10
container_issue 10
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container_title Clinical microbiology and infection
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creator Yoshihara, Shingo
Yamana, Hayato
Akahane, Manabu
Kishimoto, Miwa
Nishioka, Yuichi
Noda, Tatsuya
Matsui, Hiroki
Fushimi, Kiyohide
Yasunaga, Hideo
Kasahara, Kei
Imamura, Tomoaki
description Clinical evidence on prophylactic antibiotics for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) to prevent liver abscess is limited because liver abscess is a rare event. This study aimed to analyse the association between prophylactic antibiotic use for TACE and the occurrence of liver abscess after TACE. Using the nationwide Diagnosis Procedure Combination database in Japan, we retrospectively identified patients who underwent TACE for hepatic cancer between July 2010 and March 2017. The primary outcome was liver abscess requiring procedural intervention within 30 days of TACE. Secondary outcomes included 30-day in-hospital mortality and length of stay. Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for potential confounding factors and compare outcomes between patients with and without prophylactic antibiotics. Among 167 544 eligible patients, 134 712 received antibiotics and 32 832 did not. In the matched cohort of 29 211 pairs, the proportion of patients with liver abscess requiring procedural intervention was significantly lower in the antibiotics group than in the no-antibiotics group (0.08% vs. 0.22%, p 0.001; relative risk (95% confidence interval), 0.35 (0.22–0.57); absolute risk reduction, 0.0014 (0.0008–0.0021); and number needed to treat, 696 (476–1223)). There was no significant difference in 30-day in-hospital mortality between the groups. The length of stay was longer in the antibiotics group than in the no-antibiotics group (median, 10 vs. 9 days, p 
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.01.014
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This study aimed to analyse the association between prophylactic antibiotic use for TACE and the occurrence of liver abscess after TACE. Using the nationwide Diagnosis Procedure Combination database in Japan, we retrospectively identified patients who underwent TACE for hepatic cancer between July 2010 and March 2017. The primary outcome was liver abscess requiring procedural intervention within 30 days of TACE. Secondary outcomes included 30-day in-hospital mortality and length of stay. Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for potential confounding factors and compare outcomes between patients with and without prophylactic antibiotics. Among 167 544 eligible patients, 134 712 received antibiotics and 32 832 did not. In the matched cohort of 29 211 pairs, the proportion of patients with liver abscess requiring procedural intervention was significantly lower in the antibiotics group than in the no-antibiotics group (0.08% vs. 0.22%, p 0.001; relative risk (95% confidence interval), 0.35 (0.22–0.57); absolute risk reduction, 0.0014 (0.0008–0.0021); and number needed to treat, 696 (476–1223)). There was no significant difference in 30-day in-hospital mortality between the groups. The length of stay was longer in the antibiotics group than in the no-antibiotics group (median, 10 vs. 9 days, p &lt; 0.001). 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subjects Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use
Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Chemoembolization, Therapeutic
Hospital Mortality
Humans
Length of Stay
Liver abscess
Liver Abscess - drug therapy
Liver Abscess - epidemiology
Liver Neoplasms - drug therapy
Propensity Score
Prophylactic antibiotics
Real-world data
Retrospective Studies
Transarterial chemoembolization
Treatment Outcome
title Association between prophylactic antibiotic use for transarterial chemoembolization and occurrence of liver abscess: a retrospective cohort study
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