High-energy quasiparticle injection into mesoscopic superconductors
At non-zero temperatures, superconductors contain excitations known as Bogoliubov quasiparticles (QPs). The mesoscopic dynamics of QPs inform the design of quantum information processors, among other devices. Knowledge of these dynamics stems from experiments in which QPs are injected in a controlle...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nature nanotechnology 2021-04, Vol.16 (4), p.404-408 |
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| creator | Alegria, Loren D. Bøttcher, Charlotte G. L. Saydjari, Andrew K. Pierce, Andrew T. Lee, Seung Hwan Harvey, Shannon P. Vool, Uri Yacoby, Amir |
| description | At non-zero temperatures, superconductors contain excitations known as Bogoliubov quasiparticles (QPs). The mesoscopic dynamics of QPs inform the design of quantum information processors, among other devices. Knowledge of these dynamics stems from experiments in which QPs are injected in a controlled fashion, typically at energies comparable to the pairing energy
1
–
5
. Here we perform tunnel spectroscopy of a mesoscopic superconductor under high electric fields. We observe QP injection due to field-emitted electrons with 10
6
times the pairing energy, an unexplored regime of QP dynamics. Upon application of a gate voltage, the QP injection decreases the critical current and, at sufficiently high electric field, a field-emission current ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41565-020-00834-8 |
| format | Article |
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1
–
5
. Here we perform tunnel spectroscopy of a mesoscopic superconductor under high electric fields. We observe QP injection due to field-emitted electrons with 10
6
times the pairing energy, an unexplored regime of QP dynamics. Upon application of a gate voltage, the QP injection decreases the critical current and, at sufficiently high electric field, a field-emission current (<0.1 nA in our device) switches the mesoscopic superconductor into the normal state, consistent with earlier observations
6
. We expect that high-energy injection will be useful for developing QP-tolerant quantum information processors, will allow rapid control of resonator quality factors and will enable the design of electric-field-controlled superconducting devices with new functionality.
Typically, quasiparticles are injected into superconductors at energies comparable to the pairing energy in order to gain insights into quasiparticle dynamics. Tunnelling spectroscopy of a mesoscopic superconductor under high electric field now provides insights into a regime where electrons impinge with 10
6
times the pairing energy.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1748-3387</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1748-3395</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-00834-8</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33462428</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>639/301/1005/1007 ; 639/766/1130/1064 ; 639/766/119/1003 ; 639/766/483/2802 ; 639/925/927/1064 ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Critical current (superconductivity) ; Dynamics ; Electric fields ; Electrons ; Elementary excitations ; Energy ; Information processing ; Injection ; Letter ; Materials Science ; Mesoscopic superconductors ; Nanotechnology ; Nanotechnology and Microengineering ; Processors ; Q factors ; Quantum phenomena ; Spectroscopy ; Spectrum analysis ; Superconducting devices ; Switches</subject><ispartof>Nature nanotechnology, 2021-04, Vol.16 (4), p.404-408</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2021</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-99eac0879db01054ae2bdb9cb170c1f6cce2472537976ca92d5d705118c8b5e33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-99eac0879db01054ae2bdb9cb170c1f6cce2472537976ca92d5d705118c8b5e33</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8960-2937 ; 0000-0002-7272-3609 ; 0000-0002-6561-9002</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33462428$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Alegria, Loren D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bøttcher, Charlotte G. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saydjari, Andrew K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pierce, Andrew T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Seung Hwan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harvey, Shannon P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vool, Uri</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yacoby, Amir</creatorcontrib><title>High-energy quasiparticle injection into mesoscopic superconductors</title><title>Nature nanotechnology</title><addtitle>Nat. Nanotechnol</addtitle><addtitle>Nat Nanotechnol</addtitle><description>At non-zero temperatures, superconductors contain excitations known as Bogoliubov quasiparticles (QPs). The mesoscopic dynamics of QPs inform the design of quantum information processors, among other devices. Knowledge of these dynamics stems from experiments in which QPs are injected in a controlled fashion, typically at energies comparable to the pairing energy
1
–
5
. Here we perform tunnel spectroscopy of a mesoscopic superconductor under high electric fields. We observe QP injection due to field-emitted electrons with 10
6
times the pairing energy, an unexplored regime of QP dynamics. Upon application of a gate voltage, the QP injection decreases the critical current and, at sufficiently high electric field, a field-emission current (<0.1 nA in our device) switches the mesoscopic superconductor into the normal state, consistent with earlier observations
6
. We expect that high-energy injection will be useful for developing QP-tolerant quantum information processors, will allow rapid control of resonator quality factors and will enable the design of electric-field-controlled superconducting devices with new functionality.
Typically, quasiparticles are injected into superconductors at energies comparable to the pairing energy in order to gain insights into quasiparticle dynamics. Tunnelling spectroscopy of a mesoscopic superconductor under high electric field now provides insights into a regime where electrons impinge with 10
6
times the pairing energy.</description><subject>639/301/1005/1007</subject><subject>639/766/1130/1064</subject><subject>639/766/119/1003</subject><subject>639/766/483/2802</subject><subject>639/925/927/1064</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Critical current (superconductivity)</subject><subject>Dynamics</subject><subject>Electric fields</subject><subject>Electrons</subject><subject>Elementary excitations</subject><subject>Energy</subject><subject>Information processing</subject><subject>Injection</subject><subject>Letter</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Mesoscopic superconductors</subject><subject>Nanotechnology</subject><subject>Nanotechnology and Microengineering</subject><subject>Processors</subject><subject>Q factors</subject><subject>Quantum phenomena</subject><subject>Spectroscopy</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><subject>Superconducting devices</subject><subject>Switches</subject><issn>1748-3387</issn><issn>1748-3395</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kL1OwzAURi0EoqXwAgwoEgtLwL-xPaIKKFIlFpitxLktqZI4tZOhb49LSpEYmHwln--7Vweha4LvCWbqIXAiMpFiilOMFeOpOkFTIrlKGdPi9DgrOUEXIWwwFlRTfo4mjPGMcqqmaL6o1p8ptODXu2Q75KHqct9Xtoakajdg-8q1cepd0kBwwbquskkYOvDWteVge-fDJTpb5XWAq8M7Qx_PT-_zRbp8e3mdPy5Ty6ToU60ht1hJXRaYYMFzoEVZaFsQiS1ZZdYC5ZIKJrXMbK5pKUqJBSHKqkIAYzN0N_Z23m0HCL1pqmChrvMW3BBMTGvMGdciord_0I0bfBuvM1QQyhTnUkWKjpT1LgQPK9P5qsn9zhBs9orNqNhExeZbsdmHbg7VQ9FAeYz8OI0AG4EQv9o1-N_d_9R-Aa44hr4</recordid><startdate>20210401</startdate><enddate>20210401</enddate><creator>Alegria, Loren D.</creator><creator>Bøttcher, Charlotte G. 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L.</au><au>Saydjari, Andrew K.</au><au>Pierce, Andrew T.</au><au>Lee, Seung Hwan</au><au>Harvey, Shannon P.</au><au>Vool, Uri</au><au>Yacoby, Amir</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>High-energy quasiparticle injection into mesoscopic superconductors</atitle><jtitle>Nature nanotechnology</jtitle><stitle>Nat. Nanotechnol</stitle><addtitle>Nat Nanotechnol</addtitle><date>2021-04-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>404</spage><epage>408</epage><pages>404-408</pages><issn>1748-3387</issn><eissn>1748-3395</eissn><abstract>At non-zero temperatures, superconductors contain excitations known as Bogoliubov quasiparticles (QPs). The mesoscopic dynamics of QPs inform the design of quantum information processors, among other devices. Knowledge of these dynamics stems from experiments in which QPs are injected in a controlled fashion, typically at energies comparable to the pairing energy
1
–
5
. Here we perform tunnel spectroscopy of a mesoscopic superconductor under high electric fields. We observe QP injection due to field-emitted electrons with 10
6
times the pairing energy, an unexplored regime of QP dynamics. Upon application of a gate voltage, the QP injection decreases the critical current and, at sufficiently high electric field, a field-emission current (<0.1 nA in our device) switches the mesoscopic superconductor into the normal state, consistent with earlier observations
6
. We expect that high-energy injection will be useful for developing QP-tolerant quantum information processors, will allow rapid control of resonator quality factors and will enable the design of electric-field-controlled superconducting devices with new functionality.
Typically, quasiparticles are injected into superconductors at energies comparable to the pairing energy in order to gain insights into quasiparticle dynamics. Tunnelling spectroscopy of a mesoscopic superconductor under high electric field now provides insights into a regime where electrons impinge with 10
6
times the pairing energy.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>33462428</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41565-020-00834-8</doi><tpages>5</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8960-2937</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7272-3609</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6561-9002</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 639/301/1005/1007 639/766/1130/1064 639/766/119/1003 639/766/483/2802 639/925/927/1064 Chemistry and Materials Science Critical current (superconductivity) Dynamics Electric fields Electrons Elementary excitations Energy Information processing Injection Letter Materials Science Mesoscopic superconductors Nanotechnology Nanotechnology and Microengineering Processors Q factors Quantum phenomena Spectroscopy Spectrum analysis Superconducting devices Switches |
| title | High-energy quasiparticle injection into mesoscopic superconductors |
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