Risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis: it depends on the ERCP indication

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an invasive modality, and has a high risk of causing post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). Risk factors of PEP have been investigated and conflicting results are present for most risk factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for PEP and to determine whether the risk factors differ due to the ERCP indication. A retrospective study was conducted which included 666 patients with 968 ERCP procedures. Some risk factors were evaluated for PEP, and they were also evaluated separately for patients with bile duct stones and patients who underwent ERCP for other reasons than bile duct stones. In patients with bile duct stones detected on ERCP ; female gender, lower diameter of the common bile duct, placing a biliary plastic stent and not having a cholecystectomy history were risk factors for PEP, whereas in patients without bile duct stones the only risk factor for PEP was not having a prior endoscopic sphincterotomy. Our study revealed that PEP risk factors depend on the indication of ERCP. To the best of our knowledge our study is the first study defining cholecystectomy as a protective factor for PEP in patients with bile duct stones and endoscopic sphincterotomy history as a protective factor for PEP in patients without bile duct stones. Our study also showed that female gender, lower diameter of the common bile duct and placing a plastic biliary stent were risk factors for PEP in patients with bile duct stones.