Thirty-Day Mortality After Curative and Palliative Anti-Cancer Treatment: Data Interpretation and Lessons for Clinical Implementation

Purpose: Despite advancements in cancer therapeutics, mortality and morbidity due to anticancer treatments still occur but are not frequently reported. We aimed to report the 30-day mortality and morbidity of all curative and palliative anti-cancer treatments. Patients and Methods: Adults with solid and hematological malignancies from two large cancer centers in Saudi Arabia, irrespective of the cancer stage and treatment type, were included in this retrospective observational study. Results: Between December 1, 2019 and February 29, 2020, 1694 patients from King Abdullah Medical City in Makkah and King Fahad Medical City in Riyadh were included in the study. Among them, 77.5% were younger than 65 years of age; 72.8% were female; the prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension was 35%, 34%, and 28%, respectively; and 66.5% of patients had breast and gastrointestinal cancers. Fifty-nine (3.5%) patients died within 30 days of receiving anti-cancer treatment. Of them, 9 (0.3%) were treated with curative intent, and 50 (3%) were treated with palliative intent. Conclusion: Our results emphasize the need to address preventable metabolic changes and implement innovative, predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) approaches focusing on patient profiles. Reporting the 30-day outcomes of all anti-cancer treatments will also allow the identification of factors underlying mortality and morbidity and lead to an improvement in oncological outcomes via innovative programs designed to improve clinical decision-making.