Lipid and saturated fatty acids intake and cardiovascular risk factors of obese children and adolescents
Objective To test the hypothesis that lipid intake is associated with triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-cholesterol), a predictor of the development of cardiovascular disease, in obese children and adolescents, independently from the level of overweight, insulin resistance, blood pressu...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | European journal of clinical nutrition 2021-07, Vol.75 (7), p.1109-1117 |
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| creator | Maffeis, Claudio Cendon, Margherita Tomasselli, Francesca Tommasi, Mara Bresadola, Irene Fornari, Elena Morandi, Anita Olivieri, Francesca |
| description | Objective
To test the hypothesis that lipid intake is associated with triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-cholesterol), a predictor of the development of cardiovascular disease, in obese children and adolescents, independently from the level of overweight, insulin resistance, blood pressure, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Study design
One hundred and eighty non-diabetic obese children/adolescents (age range 6–16 years) were enrolled. Diet (3-day weighed dietary record), physical and biochemical parameters and liver ultrasonography were measured. The impact of lipid intake on TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio >2.2 was measured by regression models, adjusting for covariates (age, gender, height, weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, NAFLD positivity, HOMA-IR, and total energy intake).
Results
Independently from covariates, children consuming a diet with a fat content higher than 35% of total energy had a significantly higher chance [OR = 3.333 (95% CI: 1.113–9.979),
P
= 0.031] to have a TG/HDL-cholesterol >2.2 than children consuming less than 35% of fat. Moreover, if saturated fatty acids (SFA) intake was higher than 13% of total energy, children had a significantly higher chance [OR = 4.804 (95% CI: 1.312–17.593),
P
= 0.018] to have a TG/HDL-cholesterol >2.2 than children consuming less than 13% of SFA in their diet.
Conclusions
High fat intake, especially SFA intake, is associated with TG/HDL-cholesterol levels of obese children and adolescents, independently from other cardiovascular risk co-factors. Further intervention studies will contribute to clarify the potential role of changes in the composition and amount of fat in the diet of obese children and adolescents, on their cardiovascular risk factors. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41430-020-00822-0 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2467840537</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A667873957</galeid><sourcerecordid>A667873957</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c488t-c684763f27ee76b83c6374336dc8751d7e0f381c53befe8d13669f9ed7aab8543</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kl1rHCEUhofSQrdp_0CvBgqlN5Pq6KhzGUK_INCb9lrO6nHXxNWtOoX8-7i7hTRlKSKCPs_LQd6ue0vJJSVMfSycckYGMrZN1DgO5Fm3olyKYRKcPO9WZJ74wAiRL7tXpdwS0h7luOq2N37vbQ_R9gXqkqGi7R3Uet-D8bb0Pla4wyNgIFuffkMxS4DcZ1_uGmpqyqVPrk9rLNibrQ82YzwaYFPAYjDW8rp74SAUfPPnvOh-fv704_rrcPP9y7frq5vBcKXqYIRqUzM3SkQp1ooZwSRnTFij5EStROKYomZia3SoLGVCzG5GKwHWauLsovtwyt3n9GvBUvXOtwlCgIhpKXrkQipOJiYb-u4f9DYtObbp9DjxmUtF6fxIbSCg9tGlmsEcQvWVaFmSzdMhazhDbTBihpAiOt-un_CXZ_i2LO68OSu8_0vYIoS6LSks1adYnoLjCTQ5lZLR6X32O8j3mhJ9KIs-lUW3suhjWTRpEjtJpcFxg_nxK_5jPQDF_79_</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2549478119</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Lipid and saturated fatty acids intake and cardiovascular risk factors of obese children and adolescents</title><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Maffeis, Claudio ; Cendon, Margherita ; Tomasselli, Francesca ; Tommasi, Mara ; Bresadola, Irene ; Fornari, Elena ; Morandi, Anita ; Olivieri, Francesca</creator><creatorcontrib>Maffeis, Claudio ; Cendon, Margherita ; Tomasselli, Francesca ; Tommasi, Mara ; Bresadola, Irene ; Fornari, Elena ; Morandi, Anita ; Olivieri, Francesca</creatorcontrib><description>Objective
To test the hypothesis that lipid intake is associated with triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-cholesterol), a predictor of the development of cardiovascular disease, in obese children and adolescents, independently from the level of overweight, insulin resistance, blood pressure, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Study design
One hundred and eighty non-diabetic obese children/adolescents (age range 6–16 years) were enrolled. Diet (3-day weighed dietary record), physical and biochemical parameters and liver ultrasonography were measured. The impact of lipid intake on TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio >2.2 was measured by regression models, adjusting for covariates (age, gender, height, weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, NAFLD positivity, HOMA-IR, and total energy intake).
Results
Independently from covariates, children consuming a diet with a fat content higher than 35% of total energy had a significantly higher chance [OR = 3.333 (95% CI: 1.113–9.979),
P
= 0.031] to have a TG/HDL-cholesterol >2.2 than children consuming less than 35% of fat. Moreover, if saturated fatty acids (SFA) intake was higher than 13% of total energy, children had a significantly higher chance [OR = 4.804 (95% CI: 1.312–17.593),
P
= 0.018] to have a TG/HDL-cholesterol >2.2 than children consuming less than 13% of SFA in their diet.
Conclusions
High fat intake, especially SFA intake, is associated with TG/HDL-cholesterol levels of obese children and adolescents, independently from other cardiovascular risk co-factors. Further intervention studies will contribute to clarify the potential role of changes in the composition and amount of fat in the diet of obese children and adolescents, on their cardiovascular risk factors.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0954-3007</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5640</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-00822-0</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>692/499 ; 692/699/1702/393 ; Adolescence ; Adolescents ; Blood pressure ; Body weight ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Children ; Cholesterol ; Clinical Nutrition ; Complications and side effects ; Development and progression ; Diabetes mellitus ; Diet ; Energy intake ; Epidemiology ; Fatty acids ; Fatty liver ; Health aspects ; Health risks ; High density lipoprotein ; High fat diet ; Insulin ; Insulin resistance ; Internal Medicine ; Lipids ; Liver ; Liver diseases ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Metabolic Diseases ; Obesity ; Obesity in adolescence ; Obesity in children ; Overweight ; Pediatric research ; Public Health ; Regression analysis ; Regression models ; Risk analysis ; Risk factors ; Saturated fatty acids ; Teenagers ; Triglycerides</subject><ispartof>European journal of clinical nutrition, 2021-07, Vol.75 (7), p.1109-1117</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2020</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Nature Publishing Group</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2020.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c488t-c684763f27ee76b83c6374336dc8751d7e0f381c53befe8d13669f9ed7aab8543</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c488t-c684763f27ee76b83c6374336dc8751d7e0f381c53befe8d13669f9ed7aab8543</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0756-3773 ; 0000-0002-3563-4404</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/s41430-020-00822-0$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1038/s41430-020-00822-0$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Maffeis, Claudio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cendon, Margherita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tomasselli, Francesca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tommasi, Mara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bresadola, Irene</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fornari, Elena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morandi, Anita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olivieri, Francesca</creatorcontrib><title>Lipid and saturated fatty acids intake and cardiovascular risk factors of obese children and adolescents</title><title>European journal of clinical nutrition</title><addtitle>Eur J Clin Nutr</addtitle><description>Objective
To test the hypothesis that lipid intake is associated with triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-cholesterol), a predictor of the development of cardiovascular disease, in obese children and adolescents, independently from the level of overweight, insulin resistance, blood pressure, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Study design
One hundred and eighty non-diabetic obese children/adolescents (age range 6–16 years) were enrolled. Diet (3-day weighed dietary record), physical and biochemical parameters and liver ultrasonography were measured. The impact of lipid intake on TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio >2.2 was measured by regression models, adjusting for covariates (age, gender, height, weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, NAFLD positivity, HOMA-IR, and total energy intake).
Results
Independently from covariates, children consuming a diet with a fat content higher than 35% of total energy had a significantly higher chance [OR = 3.333 (95% CI: 1.113–9.979),
P
= 0.031] to have a TG/HDL-cholesterol >2.2 than children consuming less than 35% of fat. Moreover, if saturated fatty acids (SFA) intake was higher than 13% of total energy, children had a significantly higher chance [OR = 4.804 (95% CI: 1.312–17.593),
P
= 0.018] to have a TG/HDL-cholesterol >2.2 than children consuming less than 13% of SFA in their diet.
Conclusions
High fat intake, especially SFA intake, is associated with TG/HDL-cholesterol levels of obese children and adolescents, independently from other cardiovascular risk co-factors. Further intervention studies will contribute to clarify the potential role of changes in the composition and amount of fat in the diet of obese children and adolescents, on their cardiovascular risk factors.</description><subject>692/499</subject><subject>692/699/1702/393</subject><subject>Adolescence</subject><subject>Adolescents</subject><subject>Blood pressure</subject><subject>Body weight</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Clinical Nutrition</subject><subject>Complications and side effects</subject><subject>Development and progression</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Energy intake</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Fatty liver</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>High density lipoprotein</subject><subject>High fat diet</subject><subject>Insulin</subject><subject>Insulin resistance</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Liver</subject><subject>Liver diseases</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Metabolic Diseases</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Obesity in adolescence</subject><subject>Obesity in children</subject><subject>Overweight</subject><subject>Pediatric research</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Regression models</subject><subject>Risk analysis</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Saturated fatty acids</subject><subject>Teenagers</subject><subject>Triglycerides</subject><issn>0954-3007</issn><issn>1476-5640</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kl1rHCEUhofSQrdp_0CvBgqlN5Pq6KhzGUK_INCb9lrO6nHXxNWtOoX8-7i7hTRlKSKCPs_LQd6ue0vJJSVMfSycckYGMrZN1DgO5Fm3olyKYRKcPO9WZJ74wAiRL7tXpdwS0h7luOq2N37vbQ_R9gXqkqGi7R3Uet-D8bb0Pla4wyNgIFuffkMxS4DcZ1_uGmpqyqVPrk9rLNibrQ82YzwaYFPAYjDW8rp74SAUfPPnvOh-fv704_rrcPP9y7frq5vBcKXqYIRqUzM3SkQp1ooZwSRnTFij5EStROKYomZia3SoLGVCzG5GKwHWauLsovtwyt3n9GvBUvXOtwlCgIhpKXrkQipOJiYb-u4f9DYtObbp9DjxmUtF6fxIbSCg9tGlmsEcQvWVaFmSzdMhazhDbTBihpAiOt-un_CXZ_i2LO68OSu8_0vYIoS6LSks1adYnoLjCTQ5lZLR6X32O8j3mhJ9KIs-lUW3suhjWTRpEjtJpcFxg_nxK_5jPQDF_79_</recordid><startdate>20210701</startdate><enddate>20210701</enddate><creator>Maffeis, Claudio</creator><creator>Cendon, 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and saturated fatty acids intake and cardiovascular risk factors of obese children and adolescents</title><author>Maffeis, Claudio ; Cendon, Margherita ; Tomasselli, Francesca ; Tommasi, Mara ; Bresadola, Irene ; Fornari, Elena ; Morandi, Anita ; Olivieri, Francesca</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c488t-c684763f27ee76b83c6374336dc8751d7e0f381c53befe8d13669f9ed7aab8543</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>692/499</topic><topic>692/699/1702/393</topic><topic>Adolescence</topic><topic>Adolescents</topic><topic>Blood pressure</topic><topic>Body weight</topic><topic>Cardiovascular diseases</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Cholesterol</topic><topic>Clinical Nutrition</topic><topic>Complications and side effects</topic><topic>Development and progression</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>Energy intake</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Fatty acids</topic><topic>Fatty liver</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>High density lipoprotein</topic><topic>High fat diet</topic><topic>Insulin</topic><topic>Insulin resistance</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Lipids</topic><topic>Liver</topic><topic>Liver diseases</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Metabolic Diseases</topic><topic>Obesity</topic><topic>Obesity in adolescence</topic><topic>Obesity in children</topic><topic>Overweight</topic><topic>Pediatric research</topic><topic>Public Health</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Regression models</topic><topic>Risk analysis</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Saturated fatty acids</topic><topic>Teenagers</topic><topic>Triglycerides</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Maffeis, Claudio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cendon, Margherita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tomasselli, Francesca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tommasi, Mara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bresadola, Irene</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fornari, Elena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morandi, Anita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olivieri, Francesca</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science 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Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>European journal of clinical nutrition</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Maffeis, Claudio</au><au>Cendon, Margherita</au><au>Tomasselli, Francesca</au><au>Tommasi, Mara</au><au>Bresadola, Irene</au><au>Fornari, Elena</au><au>Morandi, Anita</au><au>Olivieri, Francesca</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Lipid and saturated fatty acids intake and cardiovascular risk factors of obese children and adolescents</atitle><jtitle>European journal of clinical nutrition</jtitle><stitle>Eur J Clin Nutr</stitle><date>2021-07-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>75</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>1109</spage><epage>1117</epage><pages>1109-1117</pages><issn>0954-3007</issn><eissn>1476-5640</eissn><abstract>Objective
To test the hypothesis that lipid intake is associated with triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-cholesterol), a predictor of the development of cardiovascular disease, in obese children and adolescents, independently from the level of overweight, insulin resistance, blood pressure, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Study design
One hundred and eighty non-diabetic obese children/adolescents (age range 6–16 years) were enrolled. Diet (3-day weighed dietary record), physical and biochemical parameters and liver ultrasonography were measured. The impact of lipid intake on TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio >2.2 was measured by regression models, adjusting for covariates (age, gender, height, weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, NAFLD positivity, HOMA-IR, and total energy intake).
Results
Independently from covariates, children consuming a diet with a fat content higher than 35% of total energy had a significantly higher chance [OR = 3.333 (95% CI: 1.113–9.979),
P
= 0.031] to have a TG/HDL-cholesterol >2.2 than children consuming less than 35% of fat. Moreover, if saturated fatty acids (SFA) intake was higher than 13% of total energy, children had a significantly higher chance [OR = 4.804 (95% CI: 1.312–17.593),
P
= 0.018] to have a TG/HDL-cholesterol >2.2 than children consuming less than 13% of SFA in their diet.
Conclusions
High fat intake, especially SFA intake, is associated with TG/HDL-cholesterol levels of obese children and adolescents, independently from other cardiovascular risk co-factors. Further intervention studies will contribute to clarify the potential role of changes in the composition and amount of fat in the diet of obese children and adolescents, on their cardiovascular risk factors.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><doi>10.1038/s41430-020-00822-0</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0756-3773</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3563-4404</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0954-3007 |
| ispartof | European journal of clinical nutrition, 2021-07, Vol.75 (7), p.1109-1117 |
| issn | 0954-3007 1476-5640 |
| language | eng |
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| source | SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | 692/499 692/699/1702/393 Adolescence Adolescents Blood pressure Body weight Cardiovascular diseases Children Cholesterol Clinical Nutrition Complications and side effects Development and progression Diabetes mellitus Diet Energy intake Epidemiology Fatty acids Fatty liver Health aspects Health risks High density lipoprotein High fat diet Insulin Insulin resistance Internal Medicine Lipids Liver Liver diseases Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolic Diseases Obesity Obesity in adolescence Obesity in children Overweight Pediatric research Public Health Regression analysis Regression models Risk analysis Risk factors Saturated fatty acids Teenagers Triglycerides |
| title | Lipid and saturated fatty acids intake and cardiovascular risk factors of obese children and adolescents |
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