Changes of HMGB-1 and sTLR4 levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with febrile seizures

•Pro-inflammatory cytokines are important in the pathogenesis of febrile seizure.•HMGB1 is associated with prolongation and recurrence of seizures.•We aimed to evaluate changes in CSF HMGB-1 and sTLR4 levels in febrile seizures.•CSF HMGB 1 levels revealed a significant increase in patients with febrile seizere.•Revealed that the changes in CSF sTLR4 levels were not statistically significant. Fever-induced inflammatory processes and pro-inflammatory cytokines have gained importance in recent years in the pathogenesis of febrile convulsion. Increased levels of HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1), one of the most important pro-inflammatory cytokines, are associated with prolongation of seizure duration, recurrence of seizures and the development of epilepsy. Changes in the sTLR4 level (soluble toll-like receptor 4) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are thought to be associated with memory and learning functions. In our study, we aimed to evaluate changes in HMGB1 and sTLR4 levels in patients who had febrile seizures between 6 months and 6 years. Forty patients who were admitted to Akdeniz University Medical Faculty Hospital between April 2016 and April 2018 with a complaint of febrile seizure and 45 patients whose CSF samples were taken for complaints other than febrile convulsion (control group) were included in our study. Comparison of the CSF HMGB1 levels of the febrile convulsion group and control group revealed a statistically significant increase in patients with febrile convulsions (p: 0.001). Comparison of the subgroups revealed that the mean value of CSF HMGB1 level was highest in the complex FS group with a mean value of 3363.9 ± 835,47 pg/mL. Comparison of the patient and control groups revealed that the changes in CSF sTLR4 levels were not statistically significant. HMGB1 level, a key inflammatory molecule, was significantly higher in the CSF of children with febrile seizures. Our data suggest that the HMGB1 network may contribute to the generation of febrile seizures in children.