Tumor‐derived exosomes in the PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis: Significant regulators as well as promising clinical targets

Programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) is a negative coreceptor mainly expressed on the surface of activated T cells. The binding of PD‐1 to its ligand PD‐L1 significantly induces non‐reactivity of T cells to maintain the balance of autoimmunity and immune tolerance. It is reported that tumor cells highly e...

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