Evaluation of Dislocation Densities in Various Microstructures of Additively Manufactured Ti6Al4V (Eli) by the Method of X-ray Diffraction
Dislocations play a central role in determining strength and flow properties of metals and alloys. Diffusionless phase transformation of beta ->alpha in Ti6Al4V during the Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) process produces martensitic microstructures with high dislocation densities. However, he...
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| description | Dislocations play a central role in determining strength and flow properties of metals and alloys. Diffusionless phase transformation of beta ->alpha in Ti6Al4V during the Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) process produces martensitic microstructures with high dislocation densities. However, heat treatment, such as stress relieving and annealing, can be applied to reduce the volume of these dislocations. In the present study, an analysis of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles of the non-heat-treated and heat-treated microstructures of DMLS Ti6Al4V(ELI) was carried out to determine the level of defects in these microstructures. The modified Williamson-Hall and modified Warren-Averbach methods of analysis were used to evaluate the dislocation densities in these microstructures. The results obtained showed a 73% reduction of dislocation density in DMLS Ti6Al4V(ELI) upon stress relieving heat treatment. The density of dislocations further declined in microstructures that were annealed at elevated temperatures, with the microstructures that were heat-treated just below the beta ->alpha recording the lowest dislocation densities. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ma13235355 |
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Diffusionless phase transformation of beta ->alpha in Ti6Al4V during the Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) process produces martensitic microstructures with high dislocation densities. However, heat treatment, such as stress relieving and annealing, can be applied to reduce the volume of these dislocations. In the present study, an analysis of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles of the non-heat-treated and heat-treated microstructures of DMLS Ti6Al4V(ELI) was carried out to determine the level of defects in these microstructures. The modified Williamson-Hall and modified Warren-Averbach methods of analysis were used to evaluate the dislocation densities in these microstructures. The results obtained showed a 73% reduction of dislocation density in DMLS Ti6Al4V(ELI) upon stress relieving heat treatment. The density of dislocations further declined in microstructures that were annealed at elevated temperatures, with the microstructures that were heat-treated just below the beta ->alpha recording the lowest dislocation densities.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ma13235355</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33255870</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>BASEL: Mdpi</publisher><subject>Additive manufacturing ; Annealing ; Chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical ; Dislocation density ; Ductility ; Gas turbine engines ; Heat conductivity ; Heat treatment ; High temperature ; Laser sintering ; Materials Science ; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary ; Mechanical properties ; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering ; Microstructure ; Phase transitions ; Physical Sciences ; Physics ; Physics, Applied ; Physics, Condensed Matter ; Science & Technology ; Stress relieving ; Technology ; Titanium alloys ; Titanium base alloys ; X-ray diffraction ; X-rays</subject><ispartof>Materials, 2020-11, Vol.13 (23), p.5355, Article 5355</ispartof><rights>2020. 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Diffusionless phase transformation of beta ->alpha in Ti6Al4V during the Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) process produces martensitic microstructures with high dislocation densities. However, heat treatment, such as stress relieving and annealing, can be applied to reduce the volume of these dislocations. In the present study, an analysis of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles of the non-heat-treated and heat-treated microstructures of DMLS Ti6Al4V(ELI) was carried out to determine the level of defects in these microstructures. The modified Williamson-Hall and modified Warren-Averbach methods of analysis were used to evaluate the dislocation densities in these microstructures. The results obtained showed a 73% reduction of dislocation density in DMLS Ti6Al4V(ELI) upon stress relieving heat treatment. The density of dislocations further declined in microstructures that were annealed at elevated temperatures, with the microstructures that were heat-treated just below the beta ->alpha recording the lowest dislocation densities.</abstract><cop>BASEL</cop><pub>Mdpi</pub><pmid>33255870</pmid><doi>10.3390/ma13235355</doi><tpages>23</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8455-3731</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9935-7330</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Additive manufacturing Annealing Chemistry Chemistry, Physical Dislocation density Ductility Gas turbine engines Heat conductivity Heat treatment High temperature Laser sintering Materials Science Materials Science, Multidisciplinary Mechanical properties Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering Microstructure Phase transitions Physical Sciences Physics Physics, Applied Physics, Condensed Matter Science & Technology Stress relieving Technology Titanium alloys Titanium base alloys X-ray diffraction X-rays |
| title | Evaluation of Dislocation Densities in Various Microstructures of Additively Manufactured Ti6Al4V (Eli) by the Method of X-ray Diffraction |
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