The urethra of healthy female dogs can be normally narrowed due to the urethral flexure in retrograde CT urethrography
Quantitative analysis of urethral size in male dogs by retrograde CT urethrography using a power injector is a recently reported technique. The aim of the current, prospective, analytical study was to apply the same method to six, healthy, intact female Beagle dogs. The proximal (P
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Veterinary radiology & ultrasound 2021-01, Vol.62 (1), p.61-67 |
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| container_title | Veterinary radiology & ultrasound |
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| creator | Kang, Kyuyong Kim, Kyeonga So, Jaebeom Lee, Jieun Jang, Yongseok Choi, Jeongwoo Choi, Mincheol Yoon, Junghee |
| description | Quantitative analysis of urethral size in male dogs by retrograde CT urethrography using a power injector is a recently reported technique. The aim of the current, prospective, analytical study was to apply the same method to six, healthy, intact female Beagle dogs. The proximal (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/vru.12926 |
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The aim of the current, prospective, analytical study was to apply the same method to six, healthy, intact female Beagle dogs. The proximal (P < .0001) and middle (P = .0010) urethral volumes significantly differed between the empty and distended bladder states, although no significant difference was observed in the distal volume (P = .0971). Unlike male dogs, female dogs showed two patterns of the urethral course: a straight urethra and urethral flexure. The urethral flexure was always related to intrapelvic position of the urinary bladder, and the more caudal the location of the vesicourethral junction beyond the pecten of the pubic bone, the more marked the appearance of the urethral flexure. Analysis of the urethral diameter at five sites (adopted from the previous radiographic study) was performed, and the urethral diameter showed a significant difference between the empty and the distended bladder states at sites 1 (vesicourethral junction, P < .0001), 2 (P < .0001), and 3 (P = .0244). However, there were no significant differences at sites 4 (P = .2516) and 5 (inflatable retention bulb, P = .1260). The urinary bladder may be in part intrapelvically located in clinically healthy female dogs, and urethral flexure and urethral narrowing can result from the intrapelvic location of the bladder. Narrowing of the urethra should be interpreted with caution when the pelvic bladder is identified.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1058-8183</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1740-8261</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/vru.12926</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33236810</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England</publisher><subject>Animals ; Dogs ; Female ; pelvic bladder ; Prospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed - methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed - veterinary ; Urethra - diagnostic imaging ; urethral diameter ; urethral volume ; Urography - methods ; Urography - veterinary</subject><ispartof>Veterinary radiology & ultrasound, 2021-01, Vol.62 (1), p.61-67</ispartof><rights>2020 American College of Veterinary Radiology</rights><rights>2020 American College of Veterinary Radiology.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3256-d74282c613df780adf88c10af5d8d16540ec35da9aff668ae00caf8c146537533</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3256-d74282c613df780adf88c10af5d8d16540ec35da9aff668ae00caf8c146537533</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7052-3996 ; 0000-0002-3456-4790 ; 0000-0002-2077-763X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fvru.12926$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fvru.12926$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27903,27904,45553,45554</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33236810$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kang, Kyuyong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Kyeonga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>So, Jaebeom</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Jieun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jang, Yongseok</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Jeongwoo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Mincheol</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yoon, Junghee</creatorcontrib><title>The urethra of healthy female dogs can be normally narrowed due to the urethral flexure in retrograde CT urethrography</title><title>Veterinary radiology & ultrasound</title><addtitle>Vet Radiol Ultrasound</addtitle><description>Quantitative analysis of urethral size in male dogs by retrograde CT urethrography using a power injector is a recently reported technique. The aim of the current, prospective, analytical study was to apply the same method to six, healthy, intact female Beagle dogs. The proximal (P < .0001) and middle (P = .0010) urethral volumes significantly differed between the empty and distended bladder states, although no significant difference was observed in the distal volume (P = .0971). Unlike male dogs, female dogs showed two patterns of the urethral course: a straight urethra and urethral flexure. The urethral flexure was always related to intrapelvic position of the urinary bladder, and the more caudal the location of the vesicourethral junction beyond the pecten of the pubic bone, the more marked the appearance of the urethral flexure. Analysis of the urethral diameter at five sites (adopted from the previous radiographic study) was performed, and the urethral diameter showed a significant difference between the empty and the distended bladder states at sites 1 (vesicourethral junction, P < .0001), 2 (P < .0001), and 3 (P = .0244). However, there were no significant differences at sites 4 (P = .2516) and 5 (inflatable retention bulb, P = .1260). The urinary bladder may be in part intrapelvically located in clinically healthy female dogs, and urethral flexure and urethral narrowing can result from the intrapelvic location of the bladder. Narrowing of the urethra should be interpreted with caution when the pelvic bladder is identified.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Dogs</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>pelvic bladder</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Tomography, X-Ray Computed - methods</subject><subject>Tomography, X-Ray Computed - veterinary</subject><subject>Urethra - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>urethral diameter</subject><subject>urethral volume</subject><subject>Urography - methods</subject><subject>Urography - veterinary</subject><issn>1058-8183</issn><issn>1740-8261</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kMtOwzAQRS0EoqWw4AeQl7AI9SNx3CWqeEmVkFDLNnLjcVPkxsVOWvL3uLTAitnM3NHRWVyELim5pXGGG9_eUjZi4gj1aZ6SRDJBj-NNMplIKnkPnYXwTgjLcpafoh7njAtJSR9tphXg1kNTeYWdwRUo21QdNrBSFrB2i4BLVeM54Nr5-LMdrpX3bgsa6xZw43Dzp7DYWPiMAS9rHF_eLbzSgMfTA7HL66o7RydG2QAXhz1As4f76fgpmbw8Po_vJknJWSYSnadMslJQrk0uidJGypISZTItNRVZSqDkmVYjZYwQUgEhpTIRSUXG84zzAbree9fefbQQmmK1DCVYq2pwbShYKlIqcyl26M0eLb0LwYMp1n65Ur4rKCl2NRex5uK75sheHbTtfAX6l_zpNQLDPbBdWuj-NxVvr7O98gsvB4ip</recordid><startdate>202101</startdate><enddate>202101</enddate><creator>Kang, Kyuyong</creator><creator>Kim, Kyeonga</creator><creator>So, Jaebeom</creator><creator>Lee, Jieun</creator><creator>Jang, Yongseok</creator><creator>Choi, Jeongwoo</creator><creator>Choi, Mincheol</creator><creator>Yoon, Junghee</creator><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7052-3996</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3456-4790</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2077-763X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202101</creationdate><title>The urethra of healthy female dogs can be normally narrowed due to the urethral flexure in retrograde CT urethrography</title><author>Kang, Kyuyong ; Kim, Kyeonga ; So, Jaebeom ; Lee, Jieun ; Jang, Yongseok ; Choi, Jeongwoo ; Choi, Mincheol ; Yoon, Junghee</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3256-d74282c613df780adf88c10af5d8d16540ec35da9aff668ae00caf8c146537533</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Dogs</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>pelvic bladder</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Tomography, X-Ray Computed - methods</topic><topic>Tomography, X-Ray Computed - veterinary</topic><topic>Urethra - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>urethral diameter</topic><topic>urethral volume</topic><topic>Urography - methods</topic><topic>Urography - veterinary</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kang, Kyuyong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Kyeonga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>So, Jaebeom</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Jieun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jang, Yongseok</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Jeongwoo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Mincheol</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yoon, Junghee</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Veterinary radiology & ultrasound</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kang, Kyuyong</au><au>Kim, Kyeonga</au><au>So, Jaebeom</au><au>Lee, Jieun</au><au>Jang, Yongseok</au><au>Choi, Jeongwoo</au><au>Choi, Mincheol</au><au>Yoon, Junghee</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The urethra of healthy female dogs can be normally narrowed due to the urethral flexure in retrograde CT urethrography</atitle><jtitle>Veterinary radiology & ultrasound</jtitle><addtitle>Vet Radiol Ultrasound</addtitle><date>2021-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>62</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>61</spage><epage>67</epage><pages>61-67</pages><issn>1058-8183</issn><eissn>1740-8261</eissn><abstract>Quantitative analysis of urethral size in male dogs by retrograde CT urethrography using a power injector is a recently reported technique. The aim of the current, prospective, analytical study was to apply the same method to six, healthy, intact female Beagle dogs. The proximal (P < .0001) and middle (P = .0010) urethral volumes significantly differed between the empty and distended bladder states, although no significant difference was observed in the distal volume (P = .0971). Unlike male dogs, female dogs showed two patterns of the urethral course: a straight urethra and urethral flexure. The urethral flexure was always related to intrapelvic position of the urinary bladder, and the more caudal the location of the vesicourethral junction beyond the pecten of the pubic bone, the more marked the appearance of the urethral flexure. Analysis of the urethral diameter at five sites (adopted from the previous radiographic study) was performed, and the urethral diameter showed a significant difference between the empty and the distended bladder states at sites 1 (vesicourethral junction, P < .0001), 2 (P < .0001), and 3 (P = .0244). However, there were no significant differences at sites 4 (P = .2516) and 5 (inflatable retention bulb, P = .1260). The urinary bladder may be in part intrapelvically located in clinically healthy female dogs, and urethral flexure and urethral narrowing can result from the intrapelvic location of the bladder. Narrowing of the urethra should be interpreted with caution when the pelvic bladder is identified.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pmid>33236810</pmid><doi>10.1111/vru.12926</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7052-3996</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3456-4790</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2077-763X</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Dogs Female pelvic bladder Prospective Studies Tomography, X-Ray Computed - methods Tomography, X-Ray Computed - veterinary Urethra - diagnostic imaging urethral diameter urethral volume Urography - methods Urography - veterinary |
| title | The urethra of healthy female dogs can be normally narrowed due to the urethral flexure in retrograde CT urethrography |
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