EndoPil: A Magnetically Actuated Swallowable Capsule for Weight Management: Development and Trials
Intragastric balloons (IGBs), by occupying the stomach space and prolonging satiety, is a promising method to treat obesity and consequently improves its associated comorbidities, e.g. coronary heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. However, existing IGBs are often tethered with tubes for gas or liqui...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Annals of biomedical engineering 2021-05, Vol.49 (5), p.1391-1401 |
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| creator | Phan, Phuoc Thien Tiong, Anthony Meng Huat Miyasaka, Muneaki Cao, Lin Kaan, Hung Leng Ho, Khek Yu Phee, Soo Jay |
| description | Intragastric balloons (IGBs), by occupying the stomach space and prolonging satiety, is a promising method to treat obesity and consequently improves its associated comorbidities, e.g. coronary heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. However, existing IGBs are often tethered with tubes for gas or liquid delivery or require endoscopic assistance for device delivery or removal, which are usually uncomfortable, costly, and may cause complications. This paper presents a novel tetherless, magnetically actuated capsule (EndoPil) which can deploy an IGB inside the stomach after being swallowed and being activated by an external magnet. The external magnet attracts a small magnet inside the EndoPil to open a valve, triggering the chemical reaction of citric acid and potassium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide gas, which inflates a biocompatible balloon (around 120 mL). A prototype, 13 mm in diameter and 35 mm in length, was developed. Simulations and bench-top tests were conducted to test the force capability of the magnetic actuation mechanism, the required force to activate the valve, and the repeatability of balloon inflation. Experiments on animal and human were successfully conducted to demonstrate the safety and feasibility of inflating a balloon inside the stomach by an external magnet. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10439-020-02692-w |
| format | Article |
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However, existing IGBs are often tethered with tubes for gas or liquid delivery or require endoscopic assistance for device delivery or removal, which are usually uncomfortable, costly, and may cause complications. This paper presents a novel tetherless, magnetically actuated capsule (EndoPil) which can deploy an IGB inside the stomach after being swallowed and being activated by an external magnet. The external magnet attracts a small magnet inside the EndoPil to open a valve, triggering the chemical reaction of citric acid and potassium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide gas, which inflates a biocompatible balloon (around 120 mL). A prototype, 13 mm in diameter and 35 mm in length, was developed. Simulations and bench-top tests were conducted to test the force capability of the magnetic actuation mechanism, the required force to activate the valve, and the repeatability of balloon inflation. Experiments on animal and human were successfully conducted to demonstrate the safety and feasibility of inflating a balloon inside the stomach by an external magnet.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0090-6964</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-9686</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02692-w</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33215368</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Actuation ; Balloon treatment ; Bicarbonates ; Biochemistry ; Biocompatibility ; Biological and Medical Physics ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering ; Biomedicine ; Biophysics ; Carbon dioxide ; Cardiovascular disease ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Chemical reactions ; Citric acid ; Classical Mechanics ; Coronary artery disease ; Diabetes mellitus ; Heart diseases ; Inflating ; Model testing ; Original Article ; Rheumatic heart disease ; Satiety ; Stomach ; Tubes</subject><ispartof>Annals of biomedical engineering, 2021-05, Vol.49 (5), p.1391-1401</ispartof><rights>Biomedical Engineering Society 2020</rights><rights>Biomedical Engineering Society 2020.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-ad92bf1d784e3a744a5e4a776acce7fcb3aaa81901797e37477c5fb4167ffe953</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-ad92bf1d784e3a744a5e4a776acce7fcb3aaa81901797e37477c5fb4167ffe953</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4769-775X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10439-020-02692-w$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10439-020-02692-w$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33215368$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Phan, Phuoc Thien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tiong, Anthony Meng Huat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miyasaka, Muneaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cao, Lin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaan, Hung Leng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ho, Khek Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Phee, Soo Jay</creatorcontrib><title>EndoPil: A Magnetically Actuated Swallowable Capsule for Weight Management: Development and Trials</title><title>Annals of biomedical engineering</title><addtitle>Ann Biomed Eng</addtitle><addtitle>Ann Biomed Eng</addtitle><description>Intragastric balloons (IGBs), by occupying the stomach space and prolonging satiety, is a promising method to treat obesity and consequently improves its associated comorbidities, e.g. coronary heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. However, existing IGBs are often tethered with tubes for gas or liquid delivery or require endoscopic assistance for device delivery or removal, which are usually uncomfortable, costly, and may cause complications. This paper presents a novel tetherless, magnetically actuated capsule (EndoPil) which can deploy an IGB inside the stomach after being swallowed and being activated by an external magnet. The external magnet attracts a small magnet inside the EndoPil to open a valve, triggering the chemical reaction of citric acid and potassium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide gas, which inflates a biocompatible balloon (around 120 mL). A prototype, 13 mm in diameter and 35 mm in length, was developed. Simulations and bench-top tests were conducted to test the force capability of the magnetic actuation mechanism, the required force to activate the valve, and the repeatability of balloon inflation. Experiments on animal and human were successfully conducted to demonstrate the safety and feasibility of inflating a balloon inside the stomach by an external magnet.</description><subject>Actuation</subject><subject>Balloon treatment</subject><subject>Bicarbonates</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biocompatibility</subject><subject>Biological and Medical Physics</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Biophysics</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Chemical reactions</subject><subject>Citric acid</subject><subject>Classical Mechanics</subject><subject>Coronary artery disease</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus</subject><subject>Heart diseases</subject><subject>Inflating</subject><subject>Model testing</subject><subject>Original 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However, existing IGBs are often tethered with tubes for gas or liquid delivery or require endoscopic assistance for device delivery or removal, which are usually uncomfortable, costly, and may cause complications. This paper presents a novel tetherless, magnetically actuated capsule (EndoPil) which can deploy an IGB inside the stomach after being swallowed and being activated by an external magnet. The external magnet attracts a small magnet inside the EndoPil to open a valve, triggering the chemical reaction of citric acid and potassium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide gas, which inflates a biocompatible balloon (around 120 mL). A prototype, 13 mm in diameter and 35 mm in length, was developed. Simulations and bench-top tests were conducted to test the force capability of the magnetic actuation mechanism, the required force to activate the valve, and the repeatability of balloon inflation. 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| subjects | Actuation Balloon treatment Bicarbonates Biochemistry Biocompatibility Biological and Medical Physics Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Biomedicine Biophysics Carbon dioxide Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular diseases Chemical reactions Citric acid Classical Mechanics Coronary artery disease Diabetes mellitus Heart diseases Inflating Model testing Original Article Rheumatic heart disease Satiety Stomach Tubes |
| title | EndoPil: A Magnetically Actuated Swallowable Capsule for Weight Management: Development and Trials |
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