Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 in the United States
BACKGROUNDThe evidence base for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is nascent. We sought to characterize SARS-CoV-2 transmission within US households and estimate the household secondary infection rate (SIR) to inform strategies to reduce transmission. METHODSWe recruited p...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Clinical infectious diseases 2021-10, Vol.73 (7), p.e1805-e1813 |
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| creator | Lewis, Nathaniel M Chu, Victoria T Ye, Dongni Conners, Erin E Gharpure, Radhika Laws, Rebecca L Reses, Hannah E Freeman, Brandi D Fajans, Mark Rabold, Elizabeth M Dawson, Patrick Buono, Sean Yin, Sherry Owusu, Daniel Wadhwa, Ashutosh Pomeroy, Mary Yousaf, Anna Pevzner, Eric Njuguna, Henry Battey, Katherine A Tran, Cuc H Fields, Victoria L Salvatore, Phillip O’Hegarty, Michelle Vuong, Jeni Chancey, Rebecca Gregory, Christopher Banks, Michelle Rispens, Jared R Dietrich, Elizabeth Marcenac, Perrine Matanock, Almea M Duca, Lindsey Binder, Allison Fox, Garrett Lester, Sandra Mills, Lisa Gerber, Susan I Watson, John Schumacher, Amy Pawloski, Lucia Thornburg, Natalie J Hall, Aron J Kiphibane, Tair Willardson, Sarah Christensen, Kim Page, Lindsey Bhattacharyya, Sanjib Dasu, Trivikram Christiansen, Ann Pray, Ian W Westergaard, Ryan P Dunn, Angela C Tate, Jacqueline E Nabity, Scott A Kirking, Hannah L |
| description | BACKGROUNDThe evidence base for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is nascent. We sought to characterize SARS-CoV-2 transmission within US households and estimate the household secondary infection rate (SIR) to inform strategies to reduce transmission. METHODSWe recruited patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and their household contacts in Utah and Wisconsin during 22 March 2020-25 April 2020. We interviewed patients and all household contacts to obtain demographics and medical histories. At the initial household visit, 14 days later, and when a household contact became newly symptomatic, we collected respiratory swabs from patients and household contacts for testing by SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and sera for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies testing by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We estimated SIR and odds ratios (ORs) to assess risk factors for secondary infection, defined by a positive rRT-PCR or ELISA test. RESULTSThirty-two (55%) of 58 households secondary infection among household contacts. The SIR was 29% (n = 55/188; 95% confidence interval [CI], 23%-36%) overall, 42% among children (aged |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/cid/ciaa1166 |
| format | Article |
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We sought to characterize SARS-CoV-2 transmission within US households and estimate the household secondary infection rate (SIR) to inform strategies to reduce transmission. METHODSWe recruited patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and their household contacts in Utah and Wisconsin during 22 March 2020-25 April 2020. We interviewed patients and all household contacts to obtain demographics and medical histories. At the initial household visit, 14 days later, and when a household contact became newly symptomatic, we collected respiratory swabs from patients and household contacts for testing by SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and sera for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies testing by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We estimated SIR and odds ratios (ORs) to assess risk factors for secondary infection, defined by a positive rRT-PCR or ELISA test. RESULTSThirty-two (55%) of 58 households secondary infection among household contacts. The SIR was 29% (n = 55/188; 95% confidence interval [CI], 23%-36%) overall, 42% among children (aged <18 years) of the COVID-19 patient and 33% among spouses/partners. Household contacts to COVID-19 patients with immunocompromised conditions and household contacts who themselves had diabetes mellitus had increased odds of infection with ORs 15.9 (95% CI, 2.4-106.9) and 7.1 (95% CI: 1.2-42.5), respectively. CONCLUSIONSWe found substantial evidence of secondary infections among household contacts. People with COVID-19, particularly those with immunocompromising conditions or those with household contacts with diabetes, should take care to promptly self-isolate to prevent household transmission.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1058-4838</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1537-6591</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1166</identifier><language>eng</language><ispartof>Clinical infectious diseases, 2021-10, Vol.73 (7), p.e1805-e1813</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-23ae11b6dd7d4cc3ccfa18057e979240973b8cda4a037df87a4da08f92097b213</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-23ae11b6dd7d4cc3ccfa18057e979240973b8cda4a037df87a4da08f92097b213</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7480-965X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lewis, Nathaniel M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chu, Victoria T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ye, Dongni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Conners, Erin E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gharpure, Radhika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Laws, Rebecca L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reses, Hannah E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Freeman, Brandi D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fajans, Mark</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rabold, Elizabeth M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dawson, Patrick</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Buono, Sean</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yin, Sherry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Owusu, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wadhwa, Ashutosh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pomeroy, Mary</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yousaf, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pevzner, Eric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Njuguna, Henry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Battey, Katherine A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tran, Cuc H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fields, Victoria L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salvatore, Phillip</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O’Hegarty, Michelle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vuong, Jeni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chancey, Rebecca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gregory, Christopher</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Banks, Michelle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rispens, Jared R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dietrich, Elizabeth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marcenac, Perrine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matanock, Almea M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duca, Lindsey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Binder, Allison</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fox, Garrett</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lester, Sandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mills, Lisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gerber, Susan I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Watson, John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schumacher, Amy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pawloski, Lucia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thornburg, Natalie J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hall, Aron J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kiphibane, Tair</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Willardson, Sarah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Christensen, Kim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Page, Lindsey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bhattacharyya, Sanjib</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dasu, Trivikram</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Christiansen, Ann</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pray, Ian W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Westergaard, Ryan P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dunn, Angela C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tate, Jacqueline E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nabity, Scott A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kirking, Hannah L</creatorcontrib><title>Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 in the United States</title><title>Clinical infectious diseases</title><description>BACKGROUNDThe evidence base for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is nascent. We sought to characterize SARS-CoV-2 transmission within US households and estimate the household secondary infection rate (SIR) to inform strategies to reduce transmission. METHODSWe recruited patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and their household contacts in Utah and Wisconsin during 22 March 2020-25 April 2020. We interviewed patients and all household contacts to obtain demographics and medical histories. At the initial household visit, 14 days later, and when a household contact became newly symptomatic, we collected respiratory swabs from patients and household contacts for testing by SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and sera for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies testing by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We estimated SIR and odds ratios (ORs) to assess risk factors for secondary infection, defined by a positive rRT-PCR or ELISA test. RESULTSThirty-two (55%) of 58 households secondary infection among household contacts. The SIR was 29% (n = 55/188; 95% confidence interval [CI], 23%-36%) overall, 42% among children (aged <18 years) of the COVID-19 patient and 33% among spouses/partners. Household contacts to COVID-19 patients with immunocompromised conditions and household contacts who themselves had diabetes mellitus had increased odds of infection with ORs 15.9 (95% CI, 2.4-106.9) and 7.1 (95% CI: 1.2-42.5), respectively. CONCLUSIONSWe found substantial evidence of secondary infections among household contacts. People with COVID-19, particularly those with immunocompromising conditions or those with household contacts with diabetes, should take care to promptly self-isolate to prevent household transmission.</description><issn>1058-4838</issn><issn>1537-6591</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNo1kE9LAzEQxYMoWKs3P0COHlzNn93N7rEUtUJBcNuryzSZpZFtUpNsod_eLdXDMAPzeLz3I-SesyfOavmsrRkHgPOyvCATXkiVlUXNL8ebFVWWV7K6JjcxfjPGecWKCfla-CHi1veGrgK4uLMxWu-o72iDBwxIZ3pISD8x7m2A5MORNkdngt8hnfvgHRxsGGImqHU0bZGunU1oaJMgYbwlVx30Ee_-9pSsX19W80W2_Hh7n8-WmZZKpExIQM43pTHK5FpLrTs45VNYq1rkrFZyU2kDOTCpTFcpyA2wqqvF-NoILqfk4ey7D_5nwJjasYjGvgeHY8FW5CVTpSpEMUofz1IdfIwBu3Yf7A7CseWsPWFsR4ztP0b5CyPUaAM</recordid><startdate>20211005</startdate><enddate>20211005</enddate><creator>Lewis, Nathaniel M</creator><creator>Chu, Victoria T</creator><creator>Ye, Dongni</creator><creator>Conners, Erin E</creator><creator>Gharpure, Radhika</creator><creator>Laws, Rebecca L</creator><creator>Reses, Hannah E</creator><creator>Freeman, Brandi D</creator><creator>Fajans, Mark</creator><creator>Rabold, Elizabeth M</creator><creator>Dawson, Patrick</creator><creator>Buono, Sean</creator><creator>Yin, Sherry</creator><creator>Owusu, Daniel</creator><creator>Wadhwa, Ashutosh</creator><creator>Pomeroy, Mary</creator><creator>Yousaf, Anna</creator><creator>Pevzner, Eric</creator><creator>Njuguna, Henry</creator><creator>Battey, Katherine A</creator><creator>Tran, Cuc H</creator><creator>Fields, Victoria L</creator><creator>Salvatore, Phillip</creator><creator>O’Hegarty, Michelle</creator><creator>Vuong, Jeni</creator><creator>Chancey, Rebecca</creator><creator>Gregory, Christopher</creator><creator>Banks, Michelle</creator><creator>Rispens, Jared R</creator><creator>Dietrich, Elizabeth</creator><creator>Marcenac, Perrine</creator><creator>Matanock, Almea M</creator><creator>Duca, Lindsey</creator><creator>Binder, Allison</creator><creator>Fox, Garrett</creator><creator>Lester, Sandra</creator><creator>Mills, Lisa</creator><creator>Gerber, Susan I</creator><creator>Watson, John</creator><creator>Schumacher, Amy</creator><creator>Pawloski, Lucia</creator><creator>Thornburg, Natalie J</creator><creator>Hall, Aron J</creator><creator>Kiphibane, Tair</creator><creator>Willardson, Sarah</creator><creator>Christensen, Kim</creator><creator>Page, Lindsey</creator><creator>Bhattacharyya, Sanjib</creator><creator>Dasu, Trivikram</creator><creator>Christiansen, Ann</creator><creator>Pray, Ian W</creator><creator>Westergaard, Ryan P</creator><creator>Dunn, Angela C</creator><creator>Tate, Jacqueline E</creator><creator>Nabity, Scott A</creator><creator>Kirking, Hannah L</creator><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7480-965X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211005</creationdate><title>Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 in the United States</title><author>Lewis, Nathaniel M ; Chu, Victoria T ; Ye, Dongni ; Conners, Erin E ; Gharpure, Radhika ; Laws, Rebecca L ; Reses, Hannah E ; Freeman, Brandi D ; Fajans, Mark ; Rabold, Elizabeth M ; Dawson, Patrick ; Buono, Sean ; Yin, Sherry ; Owusu, Daniel ; Wadhwa, Ashutosh ; Pomeroy, Mary ; Yousaf, Anna ; Pevzner, Eric ; Njuguna, Henry ; Battey, Katherine A ; Tran, Cuc H ; Fields, Victoria L ; Salvatore, Phillip ; O’Hegarty, Michelle ; Vuong, Jeni ; Chancey, Rebecca ; Gregory, Christopher ; Banks, Michelle ; Rispens, Jared R ; Dietrich, Elizabeth ; Marcenac, Perrine ; Matanock, Almea M ; Duca, Lindsey ; Binder, Allison ; Fox, Garrett ; Lester, Sandra ; Mills, Lisa ; Gerber, Susan I ; Watson, John ; Schumacher, Amy ; Pawloski, Lucia ; Thornburg, Natalie J ; Hall, Aron J ; Kiphibane, Tair ; Willardson, Sarah ; Christensen, Kim ; Page, Lindsey ; Bhattacharyya, Sanjib ; Dasu, Trivikram ; Christiansen, Ann ; Pray, Ian W ; Westergaard, Ryan P ; Dunn, Angela C ; Tate, Jacqueline E ; Nabity, Scott A ; Kirking, Hannah L</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-23ae11b6dd7d4cc3ccfa18057e979240973b8cda4a037df87a4da08f92097b213</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lewis, Nathaniel M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chu, Victoria T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ye, Dongni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Conners, Erin E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gharpure, Radhika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Laws, Rebecca L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reses, Hannah E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Freeman, Brandi D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fajans, Mark</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rabold, Elizabeth M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dawson, Patrick</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Buono, Sean</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yin, Sherry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Owusu, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wadhwa, Ashutosh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pomeroy, Mary</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yousaf, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pevzner, Eric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Njuguna, Henry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Battey, Katherine A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tran, Cuc H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fields, Victoria L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salvatore, Phillip</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O’Hegarty, Michelle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vuong, Jeni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chancey, Rebecca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gregory, Christopher</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Banks, Michelle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rispens, Jared R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dietrich, Elizabeth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marcenac, Perrine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matanock, Almea M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duca, Lindsey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Binder, Allison</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fox, Garrett</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lester, Sandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mills, Lisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gerber, Susan I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Watson, John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schumacher, Amy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pawloski, Lucia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thornburg, Natalie J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hall, Aron J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kiphibane, Tair</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Willardson, Sarah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Christensen, Kim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Page, Lindsey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bhattacharyya, Sanjib</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dasu, Trivikram</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Christiansen, Ann</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pray, Ian W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Westergaard, Ryan P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dunn, Angela C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tate, Jacqueline E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nabity, Scott A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kirking, Hannah L</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Clinical infectious diseases</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lewis, Nathaniel M</au><au>Chu, Victoria T</au><au>Ye, Dongni</au><au>Conners, Erin E</au><au>Gharpure, Radhika</au><au>Laws, Rebecca L</au><au>Reses, Hannah E</au><au>Freeman, Brandi D</au><au>Fajans, Mark</au><au>Rabold, Elizabeth M</au><au>Dawson, Patrick</au><au>Buono, Sean</au><au>Yin, Sherry</au><au>Owusu, Daniel</au><au>Wadhwa, Ashutosh</au><au>Pomeroy, Mary</au><au>Yousaf, Anna</au><au>Pevzner, Eric</au><au>Njuguna, Henry</au><au>Battey, Katherine A</au><au>Tran, Cuc H</au><au>Fields, Victoria L</au><au>Salvatore, Phillip</au><au>O’Hegarty, Michelle</au><au>Vuong, Jeni</au><au>Chancey, Rebecca</au><au>Gregory, Christopher</au><au>Banks, Michelle</au><au>Rispens, Jared R</au><au>Dietrich, Elizabeth</au><au>Marcenac, Perrine</au><au>Matanock, Almea M</au><au>Duca, Lindsey</au><au>Binder, Allison</au><au>Fox, Garrett</au><au>Lester, Sandra</au><au>Mills, Lisa</au><au>Gerber, Susan I</au><au>Watson, John</au><au>Schumacher, Amy</au><au>Pawloski, Lucia</au><au>Thornburg, Natalie J</au><au>Hall, Aron J</au><au>Kiphibane, Tair</au><au>Willardson, Sarah</au><au>Christensen, Kim</au><au>Page, Lindsey</au><au>Bhattacharyya, Sanjib</au><au>Dasu, Trivikram</au><au>Christiansen, Ann</au><au>Pray, Ian W</au><au>Westergaard, Ryan P</au><au>Dunn, Angela C</au><au>Tate, Jacqueline E</au><au>Nabity, Scott A</au><au>Kirking, Hannah L</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 in the United States</atitle><jtitle>Clinical infectious diseases</jtitle><date>2021-10-05</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>73</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>e1805</spage><epage>e1813</epage><pages>e1805-e1813</pages><issn>1058-4838</issn><eissn>1537-6591</eissn><abstract>BACKGROUNDThe evidence base for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is nascent. We sought to characterize SARS-CoV-2 transmission within US households and estimate the household secondary infection rate (SIR) to inform strategies to reduce transmission. METHODSWe recruited patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and their household contacts in Utah and Wisconsin during 22 March 2020-25 April 2020. We interviewed patients and all household contacts to obtain demographics and medical histories. At the initial household visit, 14 days later, and when a household contact became newly symptomatic, we collected respiratory swabs from patients and household contacts for testing by SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and sera for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies testing by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We estimated SIR and odds ratios (ORs) to assess risk factors for secondary infection, defined by a positive rRT-PCR or ELISA test. RESULTSThirty-two (55%) of 58 households secondary infection among household contacts. The SIR was 29% (n = 55/188; 95% confidence interval [CI], 23%-36%) overall, 42% among children (aged <18 years) of the COVID-19 patient and 33% among spouses/partners. Household contacts to COVID-19 patients with immunocompromised conditions and household contacts who themselves had diabetes mellitus had increased odds of infection with ORs 15.9 (95% CI, 2.4-106.9) and 7.1 (95% CI: 1.2-42.5), respectively. CONCLUSIONSWe found substantial evidence of secondary infections among household contacts. People with COVID-19, particularly those with immunocompromising conditions or those with household contacts with diabetes, should take care to promptly self-isolate to prevent household transmission.</abstract><doi>10.1093/cid/ciaa1166</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7480-965X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1058-4838 |
| ispartof | Clinical infectious diseases, 2021-10, Vol.73 (7), p.e1805-e1813 |
| issn | 1058-4838 1537-6591 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2460767525 |
| source | Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| title | Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 in the United States |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-19T11%3A40%3A39IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Household%20Transmission%20of%20Severe%20Acute%20Respiratory%20Syndrome%20Coronavirus-2%20in%20the%20United%20States&rft.jtitle=Clinical%20infectious%20diseases&rft.au=Lewis,%20Nathaniel%20M&rft.date=2021-10-05&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=e1805&rft.epage=e1813&rft.pages=e1805-e1813&rft.issn=1058-4838&rft.eissn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093/cid/ciaa1166&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2460767525%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2460767525&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true |