Evolving the validity of a mental toughness measure: Refined versions of the Mental Toughness Questionnaire‐48

The Mental Toughness Questionnaire‐48 (MTQ48) is a 48‐item self‐report instrument to measure one's level of mental toughness. Despite its wide popularity in psychological studies, the questionnaire has been criticized due to its factorial validity. The present study aimed to re‐assess the facto...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Stress and health 2021-04, Vol.37 (2), p.378-391
Hauptverfasser:	Kawabata, Masato, Pavey, Toby G., Coulter, Tristan J.
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	confirmatory factor analysis exploratory structural equation modelling multidimensionality personal characteristics Questionnaires scale improvement Structural equation modeling Validity
Online-Zugang:	Volltext
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