How Does Meaning Come to Mind? Four Broad Principles of Semantic Processing
When we see or hear a word, we can rapidly bring its meaning to mind. The process that underlies this ability is quite complex. Over the past 2 decades, considerable progress has been made toward understanding this process. In this article, I offer four broad principles of semantic processing derive...
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description | When we see or hear a word, we can rapidly bring its meaning to mind. The process that underlies this ability is quite complex. Over the past 2 decades, considerable progress has been made toward understanding this process. In this article, I offer four broad principles of semantic processing derived from lexical-semantic research. The first principle is that the relationship between form and meaning is not so arbitrary, and I explore that by describing efforts to understand the relationship between form and meaning, highlighting advances from my own lab on the topics of sound symbolism and iconicity. The second principle is that more is better, and I summarise previous research on semantic richness effects and how those effects reveal the nature of semantic representation. The third principle is the many and various properties of abstract concepts. I point to abstract meaning as a challenge for some theories of semantic representation. In response to that challenge, I outline what has been learned about how those meanings are acquired and represented. The fourth principle is that experience matters, and I summarise research on the dynamic and experience-driven nature of semantic processing, detailing ways in which processing is modified by both immediate and long-term context. Finally, I describe some next steps for lexical-semantic research.
Lorsque nous voyons ou entendons un mot, nous pouvons rapidement évoquer sa signification dans notre esprit. Or, le processus qui sous-tend cette capacité se veut fort complexe. Au cours des deux dernières décennies, des progrès considérables ont été réalisés en vue de comprendre ce processus. Dans le présent article, je propose quatre grands principes du traitement sémantique dérivés de la recherche lexico-sémantique. Selon le premier de ces principes, la relation entre la forme et la signification n'est pas si arbitraire, ce que j'explore en décrivant les efforts déployés pour comprendre la relation entre la forme et la signification, en mettant en évidence les percées réalisées dans mon propre laboratoire sur les thèmes du symbolisme phonétique et de l'iconicité phonologique. Le second principe sous-tend que plus il y en a, mieux c'est, et je résume les recherches menées précédemment sur les effets de la richesse sémantique, ainsi que la façon selon laquelle de tels effets traduisent la nature de la représentation sémantique. Le troisième principe concerne les propriétés nombreuses et variées des concepts abstrait |
doi_str_mv | 10.1037/cep0000235 |
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Lorsque nous voyons ou entendons un mot, nous pouvons rapidement évoquer sa signification dans notre esprit. Or, le processus qui sous-tend cette capacité se veut fort complexe. Au cours des deux dernières décennies, des progrès considérables ont été réalisés en vue de comprendre ce processus. Dans le présent article, je propose quatre grands principes du traitement sémantique dérivés de la recherche lexico-sémantique. Selon le premier de ces principes, la relation entre la forme et la signification n'est pas si arbitraire, ce que j'explore en décrivant les efforts déployés pour comprendre la relation entre la forme et la signification, en mettant en évidence les percées réalisées dans mon propre laboratoire sur les thèmes du symbolisme phonétique et de l'iconicité phonologique. Le second principe sous-tend que plus il y en a, mieux c'est, et je résume les recherches menées précédemment sur les effets de la richesse sémantique, ainsi que la façon selon laquelle de tels effets traduisent la nature de la représentation sémantique. Le troisième principe concerne les propriétés nombreuses et variées des concepts abstraits. J'expose le fait que la signification abstraite constitue une difficulté pour certaines théories de la représentation sémantique. Par conséquent, je fournis les grandes lignes de ce que nous avons appris sur la façon dont ces significations sont acquises et représentées. Le quatrième principe souligne que l'expérience compte, et je résume les recherches sur la nature dynamique et fondée sur l'expérience du traitement sémantique, en détaillant comment le traitement est modifié par le contexte immédiat et à long terme. Enfin, je décris certaines des prochaines étapes de la recherche lexico-sémantique.
Public Significance Statement
An important aspect of reading or listening is understanding what words mean. The process of understanding word meaning has been investigated in a large number of research studies, including those conducted by the author, Professor Penny M. Pexman. In this article, previous research on this process is reviewed, and four main ideas are described. These ideas should help guide future research on this topic.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1196-1961</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1878-7290</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1037/cep0000235</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33104379</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Canada: Educational Publishing Foundation</publisher><subject>Abstraction ; Auditory Stimulation ; Human ; Language ; Mind ; Principles ; Semantics ; Sound ; Symbolism ; Word Meaning</subject><ispartof>Canadian journal of experimental psychology, 2020-12, Vol.74 (4), p.275-283</ispartof><rights>2020 Canadian Psychological Association</rights><rights>2020, Canadian Psychological Association</rights><rights>Copyright Canadian Psychological Association Dec 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a415t-9348a8e7c6aa20b84cef9c7baabbb5ec2b031003f49a2129516caee0780204c33</citedby><orcidid>0000-0001-7130-0973</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33104379$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Jamieson, Randall K</contributor><creatorcontrib>Pexman, Penny M.</creatorcontrib><title>How Does Meaning Come to Mind? Four Broad Principles of Semantic Processing</title><title>Canadian journal of experimental psychology</title><addtitle>Can J Exp Psychol</addtitle><description>When we see or hear a word, we can rapidly bring its meaning to mind. The process that underlies this ability is quite complex. Over the past 2 decades, considerable progress has been made toward understanding this process. In this article, I offer four broad principles of semantic processing derived from lexical-semantic research. The first principle is that the relationship between form and meaning is not so arbitrary, and I explore that by describing efforts to understand the relationship between form and meaning, highlighting advances from my own lab on the topics of sound symbolism and iconicity. The second principle is that more is better, and I summarise previous research on semantic richness effects and how those effects reveal the nature of semantic representation. The third principle is the many and various properties of abstract concepts. I point to abstract meaning as a challenge for some theories of semantic representation. In response to that challenge, I outline what has been learned about how those meanings are acquired and represented. The fourth principle is that experience matters, and I summarise research on the dynamic and experience-driven nature of semantic processing, detailing ways in which processing is modified by both immediate and long-term context. Finally, I describe some next steps for lexical-semantic research.
Lorsque nous voyons ou entendons un mot, nous pouvons rapidement évoquer sa signification dans notre esprit. Or, le processus qui sous-tend cette capacité se veut fort complexe. Au cours des deux dernières décennies, des progrès considérables ont été réalisés en vue de comprendre ce processus. Dans le présent article, je propose quatre grands principes du traitement sémantique dérivés de la recherche lexico-sémantique. Selon le premier de ces principes, la relation entre la forme et la signification n'est pas si arbitraire, ce que j'explore en décrivant les efforts déployés pour comprendre la relation entre la forme et la signification, en mettant en évidence les percées réalisées dans mon propre laboratoire sur les thèmes du symbolisme phonétique et de l'iconicité phonologique. Le second principe sous-tend que plus il y en a, mieux c'est, et je résume les recherches menées précédemment sur les effets de la richesse sémantique, ainsi que la façon selon laquelle de tels effets traduisent la nature de la représentation sémantique. Le troisième principe concerne les propriétés nombreuses et variées des concepts abstraits. J'expose le fait que la signification abstraite constitue une difficulté pour certaines théories de la représentation sémantique. Par conséquent, je fournis les grandes lignes de ce que nous avons appris sur la façon dont ces significations sont acquises et représentées. Le quatrième principe souligne que l'expérience compte, et je résume les recherches sur la nature dynamique et fondée sur l'expérience du traitement sémantique, en détaillant comment le traitement est modifié par le contexte immédiat et à long terme. Enfin, je décris certaines des prochaines étapes de la recherche lexico-sémantique.
Public Significance Statement
An important aspect of reading or listening is understanding what words mean. The process of understanding word meaning has been investigated in a large number of research studies, including those conducted by the author, Professor Penny M. Pexman. In this article, previous research on this process is reviewed, and four main ideas are described. These ideas should help guide future research on this topic.</description><subject>Abstraction</subject><subject>Auditory Stimulation</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Language</subject><subject>Mind</subject><subject>Principles</subject><subject>Semantics</subject><subject>Sound</subject><subject>Symbolism</subject><subject>Word Meaning</subject><issn>1196-1961</issn><issn>1878-7290</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kV1rFTEQhkNR2lp74w-QgDeirE6-TnavSj1aK7YotL0OszmzsuXsZpvsIv33TjlVwQsDIUN48jJ5RogXCt4pMP59pAl4aeP2xKGqfV153cATrlWzqnirA_GslFsAxq3aFwfGKLDGN4fi63n6KT8mKvKScOzHH3KdBpJzkpf9uDmRZ2nJ8kNOuJHfcz_Gftoymzp5RQOOcx_5OkUqhZ8-F0873BY6fjyPxM3Zp-v1eXXx7fOX9elFhVa5uWqMrbEmH1eIGtraRuqa6FvEtm0dRd0Ctwemsw1qpRunVhGJwNegwUZjjsTrXe6U091CZQ5DXyJttzhSWkrQ1tmVM-yA0Vf_oLf8oZG7C9pZcK6unfkvxVlsEMAx9WZHxZxKydSFKfcD5vugIDwMIvwdBMMvHyOXdqDNH_S3eQbe7gCcMEzlPmJmmyw3LjnTOD-EBW-DDdo78wsWyo-C</recordid><startdate>20201201</startdate><enddate>20201201</enddate><creator>Pexman, Penny M.</creator><general>Educational Publishing Foundation</general><general>Canadian Psychological Association</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7RZ</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>0-V</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>4T-</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>88J</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FQ</scope><scope>8FV</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M2R</scope><scope>M3G</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PADUT</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>S0X</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7130-0973</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20201201</creationdate><title>How Does Meaning Come to Mind? 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Four Broad Principles of Semantic Processing</atitle><jtitle>Canadian journal of experimental psychology</jtitle><addtitle>Can J Exp Psychol</addtitle><date>2020-12-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>74</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>275</spage><epage>283</epage><pages>275-283</pages><issn>1196-1961</issn><eissn>1878-7290</eissn><abstract>When we see or hear a word, we can rapidly bring its meaning to mind. The process that underlies this ability is quite complex. Over the past 2 decades, considerable progress has been made toward understanding this process. In this article, I offer four broad principles of semantic processing derived from lexical-semantic research. The first principle is that the relationship between form and meaning is not so arbitrary, and I explore that by describing efforts to understand the relationship between form and meaning, highlighting advances from my own lab on the topics of sound symbolism and iconicity. The second principle is that more is better, and I summarise previous research on semantic richness effects and how those effects reveal the nature of semantic representation. The third principle is the many and various properties of abstract concepts. I point to abstract meaning as a challenge for some theories of semantic representation. In response to that challenge, I outline what has been learned about how those meanings are acquired and represented. The fourth principle is that experience matters, and I summarise research on the dynamic and experience-driven nature of semantic processing, detailing ways in which processing is modified by both immediate and long-term context. Finally, I describe some next steps for lexical-semantic research.
Lorsque nous voyons ou entendons un mot, nous pouvons rapidement évoquer sa signification dans notre esprit. Or, le processus qui sous-tend cette capacité se veut fort complexe. Au cours des deux dernières décennies, des progrès considérables ont été réalisés en vue de comprendre ce processus. Dans le présent article, je propose quatre grands principes du traitement sémantique dérivés de la recherche lexico-sémantique. Selon le premier de ces principes, la relation entre la forme et la signification n'est pas si arbitraire, ce que j'explore en décrivant les efforts déployés pour comprendre la relation entre la forme et la signification, en mettant en évidence les percées réalisées dans mon propre laboratoire sur les thèmes du symbolisme phonétique et de l'iconicité phonologique. Le second principe sous-tend que plus il y en a, mieux c'est, et je résume les recherches menées précédemment sur les effets de la richesse sémantique, ainsi que la façon selon laquelle de tels effets traduisent la nature de la représentation sémantique. Le troisième principe concerne les propriétés nombreuses et variées des concepts abstraits. J'expose le fait que la signification abstraite constitue une difficulté pour certaines théories de la représentation sémantique. Par conséquent, je fournis les grandes lignes de ce que nous avons appris sur la façon dont ces significations sont acquises et représentées. Le quatrième principe souligne que l'expérience compte, et je résume les recherches sur la nature dynamique et fondée sur l'expérience du traitement sémantique, en détaillant comment le traitement est modifié par le contexte immédiat et à long terme. Enfin, je décris certaines des prochaines étapes de la recherche lexico-sémantique.
Public Significance Statement
An important aspect of reading or listening is understanding what words mean. The process of understanding word meaning has been investigated in a large number of research studies, including those conducted by the author, Professor Penny M. Pexman. In this article, previous research on this process is reviewed, and four main ideas are described. These ideas should help guide future research on this topic.</abstract><cop>Canada</cop><pub>Educational Publishing Foundation</pub><pmid>33104379</pmid><doi>10.1037/cep0000235</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7130-0973</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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title | How Does Meaning Come to Mind? Four Broad Principles of Semantic Processing |
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