Visual ZIP Files: Viewers Beat Capacity Limits by Compressing Redundant Features Across Objects
Given a set of simple objects, visual working memory capacity drops from 3 to 4 units down to only 1 to 2 units when the display rotates. But real-world STEM experts somehow overcome these limits. Here, we study a potential domain-general mechanism that might help experts exceed these limits: compre...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance 2021-01, Vol.47 (1), p.103-115 |
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creator | Meyerhoff, Hauke S Jardine, Nicole Stieff, Mike Hegarty, Mary Franconeri, Steve |
description | Given a set of simple objects, visual working memory capacity drops from 3 to 4 units down to only 1 to 2 units when the display rotates. But real-world STEM experts somehow overcome these limits. Here, we study a potential domain-general mechanism that might help experts exceed these limits: compressing information based on redundant visual features. Participants briefly saw 4 colored shapes, either all distinct or with repetitions of color, shape, or paired Color + Shape (e.g., two green squares among a blue triangle and a yellow diamond), with a concurrent verbal suppression task. Participants reported potential swaps (change/no change) in a rotated view. In Experiments 1a through 1c, repeating features improved performance for color, shape, and paired Color + Shape. Critically, Experiments 2a and 2b found that the benefits of repetitions were most pronounced when the repeated objects shared both feature dimensions (i.e., two green squares). When color and shape repetitions were split across different objects (e.g., green square, green triangle, red triangle), the benefit was reduced to the level of a single redundant feature, suggesting that feature-based grouping underlies the redundancy benefit. Visual compression is an effective encoding strategy that can spatially tag features that repeat.
Public Significance Statement
The ability to compare objects across a rotation is limited to extremely simple objects, yet STEM experts such as chemists appear to circumvent this limitation. Understanding the limits of visuospatial thinking and mechanisms of overcoming these limitations is crucial for developing training supporting STEM-relevant abilities. Here, we study a domain-general mechanism that might allow people to exceed known limitations-leveraging redundant feature information. Our results show that the ability to detect swaps between rotated views is higher when people leverage redundant feature information, but that this advantage is limited to a single group of objects that share the same set of redundant features. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1037/xhp0000879 |
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Public Significance Statement
The ability to compare objects across a rotation is limited to extremely simple objects, yet STEM experts such as chemists appear to circumvent this limitation. Understanding the limits of visuospatial thinking and mechanisms of overcoming these limitations is crucial for developing training supporting STEM-relevant abilities. Here, we study a domain-general mechanism that might allow people to exceed known limitations-leveraging redundant feature information. Our results show that the ability to detect swaps between rotated views is higher when people leverage redundant feature information, but that this advantage is limited to a single group of objects that share the same set of redundant features.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0096-1523</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-1277</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1037/xhp0000879</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33090837</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Psychological Association</publisher><subject>Color ; Compression ; Encoding ; Experts ; Female ; Form and Shape Perception ; Human ; Human Information Storage ; Male ; Memory ; Mental Rotation ; Redundancy ; Short Term Memory ; STEM ; Stimulus Change ; Viewers ; Visual Displays ; Visual Memory</subject><ispartof>Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance, 2021-01, Vol.47 (1), p.103-115</ispartof><rights>2020 American Psychological Association</rights><rights>2020, American Psychological Association</rights><rights>Copyright American Psychological Association Jan 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a415t-6ad1c05e7b1306d86cda0769d9865d50ec03560f6bd949f33dd28c98945b35363</citedby><orcidid>0000-0001-5472-4029 ; 0000-0002-1639-891X ; 0000-0003-1836-4737</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,30999</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33090837$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Gauthier, Isabel</contributor><creatorcontrib>Meyerhoff, Hauke S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jardine, Nicole</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stieff, Mike</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hegarty, Mary</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Franconeri, Steve</creatorcontrib><title>Visual ZIP Files: Viewers Beat Capacity Limits by Compressing Redundant Features Across Objects</title><title>Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance</title><addtitle>J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform</addtitle><description>Given a set of simple objects, visual working memory capacity drops from 3 to 4 units down to only 1 to 2 units when the display rotates. But real-world STEM experts somehow overcome these limits. Here, we study a potential domain-general mechanism that might help experts exceed these limits: compressing information based on redundant visual features. Participants briefly saw 4 colored shapes, either all distinct or with repetitions of color, shape, or paired Color + Shape (e.g., two green squares among a blue triangle and a yellow diamond), with a concurrent verbal suppression task. Participants reported potential swaps (change/no change) in a rotated view. In Experiments 1a through 1c, repeating features improved performance for color, shape, and paired Color + Shape. Critically, Experiments 2a and 2b found that the benefits of repetitions were most pronounced when the repeated objects shared both feature dimensions (i.e., two green squares). When color and shape repetitions were split across different objects (e.g., green square, green triangle, red triangle), the benefit was reduced to the level of a single redundant feature, suggesting that feature-based grouping underlies the redundancy benefit. Visual compression is an effective encoding strategy that can spatially tag features that repeat.
Public Significance Statement
The ability to compare objects across a rotation is limited to extremely simple objects, yet STEM experts such as chemists appear to circumvent this limitation. Understanding the limits of visuospatial thinking and mechanisms of overcoming these limitations is crucial for developing training supporting STEM-relevant abilities. Here, we study a domain-general mechanism that might allow people to exceed known limitations-leveraging redundant feature information. Our results show that the ability to detect swaps between rotated views is higher when people leverage redundant feature information, but that this advantage is limited to a single group of objects that share the same set of redundant features.</description><subject>Color</subject><subject>Compression</subject><subject>Encoding</subject><subject>Experts</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Form and Shape Perception</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Human Information Storage</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Memory</subject><subject>Mental Rotation</subject><subject>Redundancy</subject><subject>Short Term Memory</subject><subject>STEM</subject><subject>Stimulus Change</subject><subject>Viewers</subject><subject>Visual Displays</subject><subject>Visual Memory</subject><issn>0096-1523</issn><issn>1939-1277</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNp90U1LHDEYB_AgFt2qFz-ABLxIZTSZvEzizS6uFRaUoh68hEyS1SzzZpLB7rdvtmsteGgugfDjz_PkD8AhRmcYker818uA8hGV3AITLIkscFlV22CCkOQFZiXZBV9jXK4RFmwH7BKCJBKkmgD16OOoG_h0cwdnvnHxAj569-ZChN-dTnCqB218WsG5b32KsF7Bad8OwcXou2f409mxs7pLcJb1mJ_hpQl9jPC2XjqT4j74stBNdAfv9x54mF3dT38U89vrm-nlvNAUs1RwbbFBzFU1JohbwY3VqOLSSsGZZcgZRBhHC15bSeWCEGtLYaSQlNWEEU72wMkmdwj96-hiUq2PxjWN7lw_RlVSRjHBlJaZHn-iy34MXZ4uK8EYpRLT_ytGSkqpQFl926g_Swe3UEPwrQ4rhZFal6P-lZPx0XvkWLfOftC_bWRwugH509UQV0aH5E0uxYwhuC6twxStFF5Hk9-_kpb2</recordid><startdate>20210101</startdate><enddate>20210101</enddate><creator>Meyerhoff, Hauke S</creator><creator>Jardine, Nicole</creator><creator>Stieff, Mike</creator><creator>Hegarty, Mary</creator><creator>Franconeri, Steve</creator><general>American Psychological Association</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7RZ</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5472-4029</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1639-891X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1836-4737</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210101</creationdate><title>Visual ZIP Files: Viewers Beat Capacity Limits by Compressing Redundant Features Across Objects</title><author>Meyerhoff, Hauke S ; Jardine, Nicole ; Stieff, Mike ; Hegarty, Mary ; Franconeri, Steve</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a415t-6ad1c05e7b1306d86cda0769d9865d50ec03560f6bd949f33dd28c98945b35363</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Color</topic><topic>Compression</topic><topic>Encoding</topic><topic>Experts</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Form and Shape Perception</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Human Information Storage</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Memory</topic><topic>Mental Rotation</topic><topic>Redundancy</topic><topic>Short Term Memory</topic><topic>STEM</topic><topic>Stimulus Change</topic><topic>Viewers</topic><topic>Visual Displays</topic><topic>Visual Memory</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Meyerhoff, Hauke S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jardine, Nicole</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stieff, Mike</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hegarty, Mary</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Franconeri, Steve</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>PsycARTICLES (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Meyerhoff, Hauke S</au><au>Jardine, Nicole</au><au>Stieff, Mike</au><au>Hegarty, Mary</au><au>Franconeri, Steve</au><au>Gauthier, Isabel</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Visual ZIP Files: Viewers Beat Capacity Limits by Compressing Redundant Features Across Objects</atitle><jtitle>Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance</jtitle><addtitle>J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform</addtitle><date>2021-01-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>47</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>103</spage><epage>115</epage><pages>103-115</pages><issn>0096-1523</issn><eissn>1939-1277</eissn><abstract>Given a set of simple objects, visual working memory capacity drops from 3 to 4 units down to only 1 to 2 units when the display rotates. But real-world STEM experts somehow overcome these limits. Here, we study a potential domain-general mechanism that might help experts exceed these limits: compressing information based on redundant visual features. Participants briefly saw 4 colored shapes, either all distinct or with repetitions of color, shape, or paired Color + Shape (e.g., two green squares among a blue triangle and a yellow diamond), with a concurrent verbal suppression task. Participants reported potential swaps (change/no change) in a rotated view. In Experiments 1a through 1c, repeating features improved performance for color, shape, and paired Color + Shape. Critically, Experiments 2a and 2b found that the benefits of repetitions were most pronounced when the repeated objects shared both feature dimensions (i.e., two green squares). When color and shape repetitions were split across different objects (e.g., green square, green triangle, red triangle), the benefit was reduced to the level of a single redundant feature, suggesting that feature-based grouping underlies the redundancy benefit. Visual compression is an effective encoding strategy that can spatially tag features that repeat.
Public Significance Statement
The ability to compare objects across a rotation is limited to extremely simple objects, yet STEM experts such as chemists appear to circumvent this limitation. Understanding the limits of visuospatial thinking and mechanisms of overcoming these limitations is crucial for developing training supporting STEM-relevant abilities. Here, we study a domain-general mechanism that might allow people to exceed known limitations-leveraging redundant feature information. Our results show that the ability to detect swaps between rotated views is higher when people leverage redundant feature information, but that this advantage is limited to a single group of objects that share the same set of redundant features.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Psychological Association</pub><pmid>33090837</pmid><doi>10.1037/xhp0000879</doi><tpages>13</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5472-4029</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1639-891X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1836-4737</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Color Compression Encoding Experts Female Form and Shape Perception Human Human Information Storage Male Memory Mental Rotation Redundancy Short Term Memory STEM Stimulus Change Viewers Visual Displays Visual Memory |
title | Visual ZIP Files: Viewers Beat Capacity Limits by Compressing Redundant Features Across Objects |
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