Blocking VCAM-1 inhibits pancreatic tumour progression and cancer-associated thrombosis/thromboembolism

ObjectivePancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the deadliest cancer. Cancer-associated thrombosis/thromboembolism (CAT), frequently observed in PDAC, is known as a poor prognostic factor. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanisms between PDAC and CAT, and performed a trial of therapeutic...

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Veröffentlicht in:Gut 2021-09, Vol.70 (9), p.1713-1723
Hauptverfasser: Sano, Makoto, Takahashi, Ryota, Ijichi, Hideaki, Ishigaki, Kazunaga, Yamada, Tomoharu, Miyabayashi, Koji, Kimura, Gen, Mizuno, Suguru, Kato, Hiroyuki, Fujiwara, Hiroaki, Nakatsuka, Takuma, Tanaka, Yasuo, Kim, Jinsuk, Masugi, Yohei, Morishita, Yasuyuki, Tanaka, Mariko, Ushiku, Tetsuo, Nakai, Yousuke, Tateishi, Keisuke, Ishii, Yukimoto, Isayama, Hiroyuki, Moses, Harold L, Koike, Kazuhiko
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container_end_page 1723
container_issue 9
container_start_page 1713
container_title Gut
container_volume 70
creator Sano, Makoto
Takahashi, Ryota
Ijichi, Hideaki
Ishigaki, Kazunaga
Yamada, Tomoharu
Miyabayashi, Koji
Kimura, Gen
Mizuno, Suguru
Kato, Hiroyuki
Fujiwara, Hiroaki
Nakatsuka, Takuma
Tanaka, Yasuo
Kim, Jinsuk
Masugi, Yohei
Morishita, Yasuyuki
Tanaka, Mariko
Ushiku, Tetsuo
Nakai, Yousuke
Tateishi, Keisuke
Ishii, Yukimoto
Isayama, Hiroyuki
Moses, Harold L
Koike, Kazuhiko
description ObjectivePancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the deadliest cancer. Cancer-associated thrombosis/thromboembolism (CAT), frequently observed in PDAC, is known as a poor prognostic factor. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanisms between PDAC and CAT, and performed a trial of therapeutic approach for PDAC using a genetically engineered mouse model, PKF (Ptf1acre/+;LSL-KrasG12D/+;Tgfbr2flox/flox ).DesignPresence of CAT in PKF mice was detected by systemic autopsy. Plasma cytokines were screened by cytokine antibody array. Murine and human plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) were determined by ELISA. Distribution of VCAM-1 in PKF mice and human autopsy samples was detected by immunohistochemistry. PKF mice were treated with anti-VCAM-1 antibody and the effects on survival, distribution of CAT and the tumour histology were analysed.ResultsWe found spontaneous CAT with cardiomegaly in 68.4% PKF mice. Increase of plasma ANP and sVCAM-1 was observed in PKF mice and PDAC patients with CAT. VCAM-1 was detected in the activated endothelium and thrombi. Administration of anti-VCAM-1 antibody to PKF mice inhibited tumour growth, neutrophil/macrophage infiltration, tumour angiogenesis and progression of CAT; moreover, it dramatically extended survival (from 61 to 253 days, p
doi_str_mv 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320608
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Cancer-associated thrombosis/thromboembolism (CAT), frequently observed in PDAC, is known as a poor prognostic factor. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanisms between PDAC and CAT, and performed a trial of therapeutic approach for PDAC using a genetically engineered mouse model, PKF (Ptf1acre/+;LSL-KrasG12D/+;Tgfbr2flox/flox ).DesignPresence of CAT in PKF mice was detected by systemic autopsy. Plasma cytokines were screened by cytokine antibody array. Murine and human plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) were determined by ELISA. Distribution of VCAM-1 in PKF mice and human autopsy samples was detected by immunohistochemistry. PKF mice were treated with anti-VCAM-1 antibody and the effects on survival, distribution of CAT and the tumour histology were analysed.ResultsWe found spontaneous CAT with cardiomegaly in 68.4% PKF mice. Increase of plasma ANP and sVCAM-1 was observed in PKF mice and PDAC patients with CAT. VCAM-1 was detected in the activated endothelium and thrombi. Administration of anti-VCAM-1 antibody to PKF mice inhibited tumour growth, neutrophil/macrophage infiltration, tumour angiogenesis and progression of CAT; moreover, it dramatically extended survival (from 61 to 253 days, p&lt;0.01).ConclusionBlocking VCAM-1/sVCAM-1 might be a potent therapeutic approach for PDAC as well as CAT, which can contribute to the prognosis. Increase of plasma ANP and sVCAM-1 might be a diagnostic approach for CAT in PDAC.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0017-5749</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1468-3288</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320608</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33087490</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BMJ Publishing Group LTD</publisher><subject>Adenocarcinoma ; Angiogenesis ; Animals ; Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Autopsy ; Blood clots ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal - complications ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal - pathology ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal - therapy ; Cell adhesion &amp; migration ; Cell adhesion molecules ; Chemotherapy ; Cytokines ; Endothelium ; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; Female ; Genetic engineering ; Heart ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leukocytes (neutrophilic) ; Macrophages ; Male ; Medical prognosis ; Metastases ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic cancer ; Pancreatic Neoplasms - complications ; Pancreatic Neoplasms - pathology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms - therapy ; Peptides ; Plasma ; Pulmonary arteries ; Thromboembolism ; Thrombosis ; Thrombosis - etiology ; Thrombosis - prevention &amp; control ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF ; Tumors ; Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 - metabolism</subject><ispartof>Gut, 2021-09, Vol.70 (9), p.1713-1723</ispartof><rights>Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.</rights><rights>2021 Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b369t-96081a1d181d076ecae0970dc6b5dac74fffafb3352a5029ffd0ad6d590d43503</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b369t-96081a1d181d076ecae0970dc6b5dac74fffafb3352a5029ffd0ad6d590d43503</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6952-4043 ; 0000-0002-2379-7986</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27922,27923</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33087490$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sano, Makoto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Takahashi, Ryota</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ijichi, Hideaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ishigaki, Kazunaga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yamada, Tomoharu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miyabayashi, Koji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kimura, Gen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mizuno, Suguru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kato, Hiroyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fujiwara, Hiroaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakatsuka, Takuma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tanaka, Yasuo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Jinsuk</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Masugi, Yohei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morishita, Yasuyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tanaka, Mariko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ushiku, Tetsuo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakai, Yousuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tateishi, Keisuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ishii, Yukimoto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Isayama, Hiroyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moses, Harold L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koike, Kazuhiko</creatorcontrib><title>Blocking VCAM-1 inhibits pancreatic tumour progression and cancer-associated thrombosis/thromboembolism</title><title>Gut</title><addtitle>Gut</addtitle><description>ObjectivePancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the deadliest cancer. Cancer-associated thrombosis/thromboembolism (CAT), frequently observed in PDAC, is known as a poor prognostic factor. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanisms between PDAC and CAT, and performed a trial of therapeutic approach for PDAC using a genetically engineered mouse model, PKF (Ptf1acre/+;LSL-KrasG12D/+;Tgfbr2flox/flox ).DesignPresence of CAT in PKF mice was detected by systemic autopsy. Plasma cytokines were screened by cytokine antibody array. Murine and human plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) were determined by ELISA. Distribution of VCAM-1 in PKF mice and human autopsy samples was detected by immunohistochemistry. PKF mice were treated with anti-VCAM-1 antibody and the effects on survival, distribution of CAT and the tumour histology were analysed.ResultsWe found spontaneous CAT with cardiomegaly in 68.4% PKF mice. Increase of plasma ANP and sVCAM-1 was observed in PKF mice and PDAC patients with CAT. VCAM-1 was detected in the activated endothelium and thrombi. Administration of anti-VCAM-1 antibody to PKF mice inhibited tumour growth, neutrophil/macrophage infiltration, tumour angiogenesis and progression of CAT; moreover, it dramatically extended survival (from 61 to 253 days, p&lt;0.01).ConclusionBlocking VCAM-1/sVCAM-1 might be a potent therapeutic approach for PDAC as well as CAT, which can contribute to the prognosis. Increase of plasma ANP and sVCAM-1 might be a diagnostic approach for CAT in PDAC.</description><subject>Adenocarcinoma</subject><subject>Angiogenesis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Atrial natriuretic peptide</subject><subject>Autopsy</subject><subject>Blood clots</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal - complications</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal - pathology</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal - therapy</subject><subject>Cell adhesion &amp; migration</subject><subject>Cell adhesion molecules</subject><subject>Chemotherapy</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Endothelium</subject><subject>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genetic engineering</subject><subject>Heart</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunohistochemistry</subject><subject>Leukocytes (neutrophilic)</subject><subject>Macrophages</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical prognosis</subject><subject>Metastases</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Knockout</subject><subject>Pancreas</subject><subject>Pancreatic cancer</subject><subject>Pancreatic Neoplasms - complications</subject><subject>Pancreatic Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Pancreatic Neoplasms - therapy</subject><subject>Peptides</subject><subject>Plasma</subject><subject>Pulmonary arteries</subject><subject>Thromboembolism</subject><subject>Thrombosis</subject><subject>Thrombosis - etiology</subject><subject>Thrombosis - prevention &amp; control</subject><subject>Tumor Microenvironment</subject><subject>Tumor necrosis factor-TNF</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><subject>Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1</subject><subject>Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 - metabolism</subject><issn>0017-5749</issn><issn>1468-3288</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkctOxCAUhonR6Dj6Ai5MEzdu0AOUli514i3RuFG3hAIdGdsyQrvw7WXS0YUrF-QA-c5_Lj9CJwQuCGHF5XIcVn2LKVDAjEIBYgfNSF6I9BJiF80ASIl5mVcH6DDGFQAIUZF9dMAYiPQNM7S8br3-cP0ye1tcPWGSuf7d1W6I2Vr1Olg1OJ0NY-fHkK2DXwYbo_N9pnqT6UTYgFWMXjs1WJMN78F3tY8uXm6vNp3Wxe4I7TWqjfZ4G-fo9fbmZXGPH5_vHhZXj7hmRTXgKg1BFDFEEANlYbWyUJVgdFFzo3SZN02jmpoxThUHWjWNAWUKwyswOePA5uh80k3Nfo42DrJzUdu2Vb31Y5Q056kQJWWe0LM_6CpN2afuJOVcVExQViaKTpQOPsZgG7kOrlPhSxKQGxvkZIPc2CAnG1LS6VZ6rDtrflN-9p4APAF1t_qP4DfN7pSF</recordid><startdate>202109</startdate><enddate>202109</enddate><creator>Sano, Makoto</creator><creator>Takahashi, Ryota</creator><creator>Ijichi, Hideaki</creator><creator>Ishigaki, Kazunaga</creator><creator>Yamada, Tomoharu</creator><creator>Miyabayashi, Koji</creator><creator>Kimura, Gen</creator><creator>Mizuno, Suguru</creator><creator>Kato, Hiroyuki</creator><creator>Fujiwara, Hiroaki</creator><creator>Nakatsuka, Takuma</creator><creator>Tanaka, Yasuo</creator><creator>Kim, Jinsuk</creator><creator>Masugi, Yohei</creator><creator>Morishita, Yasuyuki</creator><creator>Tanaka, Mariko</creator><creator>Ushiku, Tetsuo</creator><creator>Nakai, Yousuke</creator><creator>Tateishi, Keisuke</creator><creator>Ishii, Yukimoto</creator><creator>Isayama, Hiroyuki</creator><creator>Moses, Harold L</creator><creator>Koike, Kazuhiko</creator><general>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BTHHO</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6952-4043</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2379-7986</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202109</creationdate><title>Blocking VCAM-1 inhibits pancreatic tumour progression and cancer-associated thrombosis/thromboembolism</title><author>Sano, Makoto ; Takahashi, Ryota ; Ijichi, Hideaki ; Ishigaki, Kazunaga ; Yamada, Tomoharu ; Miyabayashi, Koji ; Kimura, Gen ; Mizuno, Suguru ; Kato, Hiroyuki ; Fujiwara, Hiroaki ; Nakatsuka, Takuma ; Tanaka, Yasuo ; Kim, Jinsuk ; Masugi, Yohei ; Morishita, Yasuyuki ; Tanaka, Mariko ; Ushiku, Tetsuo ; Nakai, Yousuke ; Tateishi, Keisuke ; Ishii, Yukimoto ; Isayama, Hiroyuki ; Moses, Harold L ; Koike, Kazuhiko</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b369t-96081a1d181d076ecae0970dc6b5dac74fffafb3352a5029ffd0ad6d590d43503</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adenocarcinoma</topic><topic>Angiogenesis</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Atrial natriuretic peptide</topic><topic>Autopsy</topic><topic>Blood clots</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal - complications</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal - pathology</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal - therapy</topic><topic>Cell adhesion &amp; migration</topic><topic>Cell adhesion molecules</topic><topic>Chemotherapy</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Endothelium</topic><topic>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Genetic engineering</topic><topic>Heart</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunohistochemistry</topic><topic>Leukocytes (neutrophilic)</topic><topic>Macrophages</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical prognosis</topic><topic>Metastases</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Knockout</topic><topic>Pancreas</topic><topic>Pancreatic cancer</topic><topic>Pancreatic Neoplasms - complications</topic><topic>Pancreatic Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Pancreatic Neoplasms - therapy</topic><topic>Peptides</topic><topic>Plasma</topic><topic>Pulmonary arteries</topic><topic>Thromboembolism</topic><topic>Thrombosis</topic><topic>Thrombosis - etiology</topic><topic>Thrombosis - prevention &amp; control</topic><topic>Tumor Microenvironment</topic><topic>Tumor necrosis factor-TNF</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><topic>Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1</topic><topic>Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 - metabolism</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sano, Makoto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Takahashi, Ryota</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ijichi, Hideaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ishigaki, Kazunaga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yamada, Tomoharu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miyabayashi, Koji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kimura, Gen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mizuno, Suguru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kato, Hiroyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fujiwara, Hiroaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakatsuka, Takuma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tanaka, Yasuo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Jinsuk</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Masugi, Yohei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morishita, Yasuyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tanaka, Mariko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ushiku, Tetsuo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakai, Yousuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tateishi, Keisuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ishii, Yukimoto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Isayama, Hiroyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moses, Harold L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koike, Kazuhiko</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health &amp; 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Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Gut</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sano, Makoto</au><au>Takahashi, Ryota</au><au>Ijichi, Hideaki</au><au>Ishigaki, Kazunaga</au><au>Yamada, Tomoharu</au><au>Miyabayashi, Koji</au><au>Kimura, Gen</au><au>Mizuno, Suguru</au><au>Kato, Hiroyuki</au><au>Fujiwara, Hiroaki</au><au>Nakatsuka, Takuma</au><au>Tanaka, Yasuo</au><au>Kim, Jinsuk</au><au>Masugi, Yohei</au><au>Morishita, Yasuyuki</au><au>Tanaka, Mariko</au><au>Ushiku, Tetsuo</au><au>Nakai, Yousuke</au><au>Tateishi, Keisuke</au><au>Ishii, Yukimoto</au><au>Isayama, Hiroyuki</au><au>Moses, Harold L</au><au>Koike, Kazuhiko</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Blocking VCAM-1 inhibits pancreatic tumour progression and cancer-associated thrombosis/thromboembolism</atitle><jtitle>Gut</jtitle><addtitle>Gut</addtitle><date>2021-09</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>70</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>1713</spage><epage>1723</epage><pages>1713-1723</pages><issn>0017-5749</issn><eissn>1468-3288</eissn><abstract>ObjectivePancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the deadliest cancer. Cancer-associated thrombosis/thromboembolism (CAT), frequently observed in PDAC, is known as a poor prognostic factor. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanisms between PDAC and CAT, and performed a trial of therapeutic approach for PDAC using a genetically engineered mouse model, PKF (Ptf1acre/+;LSL-KrasG12D/+;Tgfbr2flox/flox ).DesignPresence of CAT in PKF mice was detected by systemic autopsy. Plasma cytokines were screened by cytokine antibody array. Murine and human plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) were determined by ELISA. Distribution of VCAM-1 in PKF mice and human autopsy samples was detected by immunohistochemistry. PKF mice were treated with anti-VCAM-1 antibody and the effects on survival, distribution of CAT and the tumour histology were analysed.ResultsWe found spontaneous CAT with cardiomegaly in 68.4% PKF mice. Increase of plasma ANP and sVCAM-1 was observed in PKF mice and PDAC patients with CAT. VCAM-1 was detected in the activated endothelium and thrombi. Administration of anti-VCAM-1 antibody to PKF mice inhibited tumour growth, neutrophil/macrophage infiltration, tumour angiogenesis and progression of CAT; moreover, it dramatically extended survival (from 61 to 253 days, p&lt;0.01).ConclusionBlocking VCAM-1/sVCAM-1 might be a potent therapeutic approach for PDAC as well as CAT, which can contribute to the prognosis. Increase of plasma ANP and sVCAM-1 might be a diagnostic approach for CAT in PDAC.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</pub><pmid>33087490</pmid><doi>10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320608</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6952-4043</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2379-7986</orcidid></addata></record>
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subjects Adenocarcinoma
Angiogenesis
Animals
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Autopsy
Blood clots
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal - complications
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal - pathology
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal - therapy
Cell adhesion & migration
Cell adhesion molecules
Chemotherapy
Cytokines
Endothelium
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Female
Genetic engineering
Heart
Humans
Immunohistochemistry
Leukocytes (neutrophilic)
Macrophages
Male
Medical prognosis
Metastases
Mice
Mice, Knockout
Pancreas
Pancreatic cancer
Pancreatic Neoplasms - complications
Pancreatic Neoplasms - pathology
Pancreatic Neoplasms - therapy
Peptides
Plasma
Pulmonary arteries
Thromboembolism
Thrombosis
Thrombosis - etiology
Thrombosis - prevention & control
Tumor Microenvironment
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Tumors
Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1
Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 - metabolism
title Blocking VCAM-1 inhibits pancreatic tumour progression and cancer-associated thrombosis/thromboembolism
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