The Submandibular Gland and The Aging Neck: A Longitudinal Volumetric Study
Introduction The true effect of aging and other patient factors on submandibular gland (SMG) volume is unclear. We sought to evaluate the effects of age, body mass index (BMI), sex and race on SMG volume using computed tomography (CT) imaging. Methods We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Aesthetic plastic surgery 2021-06, Vol.45 (3), p.987-991 |
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| creator | Sawan, Tareq Tower, Jacob I. Gordon, Neil A. Paskhover, Boris |
| description | Introduction
The true effect of aging and other patient factors on submandibular gland (SMG) volume is unclear. We sought to evaluate the effects of age, body mass index (BMI), sex and race on SMG volume using computed tomography (CT) imaging.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study of adult subjects with multiple CT images of the neck at least 7 years apart. Subjects with history of salivary gland pathology, neck dissection, head and neck radiation, active infection or dental artifact were excluded. Three-dimensional volumes were measured. Age, BMI, sex and race data were analyzed to track their longitudinal effect on SMG volume.
Results
The study comprised 64 patients (Females
n=
36; Males
n=
28) with mean age of 47.1 and 58.5 at each respective time point (mean difference 11.4). Mean SMG volume increased from 10.1 ml to 10.5 ml (
P
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00266-020-02009-1 |
| format | Article |
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The true effect of aging and other patient factors on submandibular gland (SMG) volume is unclear. We sought to evaluate the effects of age, body mass index (BMI), sex and race on SMG volume using computed tomography (CT) imaging.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study of adult subjects with multiple CT images of the neck at least 7 years apart. Subjects with history of salivary gland pathology, neck dissection, head and neck radiation, active infection or dental artifact were excluded. Three-dimensional volumes were measured. Age, BMI, sex and race data were analyzed to track their longitudinal effect on SMG volume.
Results
The study comprised 64 patients (Females
n=
36; Males
n=
28) with mean age of 47.1 and 58.5 at each respective time point (mean difference 11.4). Mean SMG volume increased from 10.1 ml to 10.5 ml (
P
< 0.05). Males had significantly greater SMG volume compared to females. Majority of growth occurred in the < 40 year age bracket (0.1 ml/year), more significantly in the male cohort. When controlling for aging and sex, a change in BMI was the only patient factor that predicted a change in SMG volume. An increase of 1.0 kg/m
2
predicted a 0.17 ml increase in gland volume. Race had no significant effect.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that the majority of SMG volume change occurs in early adulthood ( < 40 years), especially in males. Among the factors we studied, a change in BMI was the only significant predictor of SMG volume change.
Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors
www.springer.com/00266
. Genital Surgery</description><identifier>ISSN: 0364-216X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-5241</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00266-020-02009-1</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Aging ; Body mass index ; Exocrine glands ; Males ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Original Article ; Otorhinolaryngology ; Plastic Surgery</subject><ispartof>Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2021-06, Vol.45 (3), p.987-991</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 2020</rights><rights>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 2020.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c352t-8897382f028f12ed3c18b6e5716b5a12860b85b23d5fc1650c00ba8adf27a2b93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c352t-8897382f028f12ed3c18b6e5716b5a12860b85b23d5fc1650c00ba8adf27a2b93</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8027-5631</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00266-020-02009-1$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00266-020-02009-1$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sawan, Tareq</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tower, Jacob I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gordon, Neil A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paskhover, Boris</creatorcontrib><title>The Submandibular Gland and The Aging Neck: A Longitudinal Volumetric Study</title><title>Aesthetic plastic surgery</title><addtitle>Aesth Plast Surg</addtitle><description>Introduction
The true effect of aging and other patient factors on submandibular gland (SMG) volume is unclear. We sought to evaluate the effects of age, body mass index (BMI), sex and race on SMG volume using computed tomography (CT) imaging.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study of adult subjects with multiple CT images of the neck at least 7 years apart. Subjects with history of salivary gland pathology, neck dissection, head and neck radiation, active infection or dental artifact were excluded. Three-dimensional volumes were measured. Age, BMI, sex and race data were analyzed to track their longitudinal effect on SMG volume.
Results
The study comprised 64 patients (Females
n=
36; Males
n=
28) with mean age of 47.1 and 58.5 at each respective time point (mean difference 11.4). Mean SMG volume increased from 10.1 ml to 10.5 ml (
P
< 0.05). Males had significantly greater SMG volume compared to females. Majority of growth occurred in the < 40 year age bracket (0.1 ml/year), more significantly in the male cohort. When controlling for aging and sex, a change in BMI was the only patient factor that predicted a change in SMG volume. An increase of 1.0 kg/m
2
predicted a 0.17 ml increase in gland volume. Race had no significant effect.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that the majority of SMG volume change occurs in early adulthood ( < 40 years), especially in males. Among the factors we studied, a change in BMI was the only significant predictor of SMG volume change.
Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors
www.springer.com/00266
. Genital Surgery</description><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Body mass index</subject><subject>Exocrine glands</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Otorhinolaryngology</subject><subject>Plastic Surgery</subject><issn>0364-216X</issn><issn>1432-5241</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kD9PwzAQxS0EEqXwBZgisbAEzufYcdmqCgqigqEFsVlO4oSU_Cl2MvTb4xAkJAaG053ufu_p9Ag5p3BFAeJrB4BChIAwFMxCekAmNGIYcozoIZkAE1GIVLwdkxPntgAU4ziakMfNuwnWfVLrJiuTvtI2WFZ-DoYabvOibIrgyaQfN8E8WLVNUXZ9Vja6Cl7bqq9NZ8s0WPvd_pQc5bpy5uynT8nL3e1mcR-unpcPi_kqTBnHLpRyFjOJOaDMKZqMpVQmwvCYioRrilJAInmCLON5SgWHFCDRUmc5xhqTGZuSy9F3Z9vP3rhO1aVLTeX_Nm3vFEYcOcQskh69-INu29765z3FGY0QhURP4UiltnXOmlztbFlru1cU1JCvGvNVPlv1na-iXsRGkfNwUxj7a_2P6gvKZXsH</recordid><startdate>20210601</startdate><enddate>20210601</enddate><creator>Sawan, Tareq</creator><creator>Tower, Jacob I.</creator><creator>Gordon, Neil A.</creator><creator>Paskhover, Boris</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8027-5631</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210601</creationdate><title>The Submandibular Gland and The Aging Neck: A Longitudinal Volumetric Study</title><author>Sawan, Tareq ; Tower, Jacob I. ; Gordon, Neil A. ; Paskhover, Boris</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c352t-8897382f028f12ed3c18b6e5716b5a12860b85b23d5fc1650c00ba8adf27a2b93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Aging</topic><topic>Body mass index</topic><topic>Exocrine glands</topic><topic>Males</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Otorhinolaryngology</topic><topic>Plastic Surgery</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sawan, Tareq</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tower, Jacob I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gordon, Neil A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paskhover, Boris</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Aesthetic plastic surgery</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sawan, Tareq</au><au>Tower, Jacob I.</au><au>Gordon, Neil A.</au><au>Paskhover, Boris</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Submandibular Gland and The Aging Neck: A Longitudinal Volumetric Study</atitle><jtitle>Aesthetic plastic surgery</jtitle><stitle>Aesth Plast Surg</stitle><date>2021-06-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>45</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>987</spage><epage>991</epage><pages>987-991</pages><issn>0364-216X</issn><eissn>1432-5241</eissn><abstract>Introduction
The true effect of aging and other patient factors on submandibular gland (SMG) volume is unclear. We sought to evaluate the effects of age, body mass index (BMI), sex and race on SMG volume using computed tomography (CT) imaging.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study of adult subjects with multiple CT images of the neck at least 7 years apart. Subjects with history of salivary gland pathology, neck dissection, head and neck radiation, active infection or dental artifact were excluded. Three-dimensional volumes were measured. Age, BMI, sex and race data were analyzed to track their longitudinal effect on SMG volume.
Results
The study comprised 64 patients (Females
n=
36; Males
n=
28) with mean age of 47.1 and 58.5 at each respective time point (mean difference 11.4). Mean SMG volume increased from 10.1 ml to 10.5 ml (
P
< 0.05). Males had significantly greater SMG volume compared to females. Majority of growth occurred in the < 40 year age bracket (0.1 ml/year), more significantly in the male cohort. When controlling for aging and sex, a change in BMI was the only patient factor that predicted a change in SMG volume. An increase of 1.0 kg/m
2
predicted a 0.17 ml increase in gland volume. Race had no significant effect.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that the majority of SMG volume change occurs in early adulthood ( < 40 years), especially in males. Among the factors we studied, a change in BMI was the only significant predictor of SMG volume change.
Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors
www.springer.com/00266
. Genital Surgery</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><doi>10.1007/s00266-020-02009-1</doi><tpages>5</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8027-5631</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aging Body mass index Exocrine glands Males Medicine Medicine & Public Health Original Article Otorhinolaryngology Plastic Surgery |
| title | The Submandibular Gland and The Aging Neck: A Longitudinal Volumetric Study |
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