Improving staging of rectal cancer in the pelvis: the role of PET/MRI
Purpose The role of positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) in evaluating the local extent of rectal cancer remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of PET/MR versus magnetic resonance (MR) in clinically staging rectal cancer. Methods This retrospective t...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging 2021-04, Vol.48 (4), p.1235-1245 |
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| creator | Catalano, Onofrio A. Lee, Susanna I. Parente, Chiara Cauley, Christy Furtado, Felipe S. Striar, Robin Soricelli, Andrea Salvatore, Marco Li, Yan Umutlu, Lale Cañamaque, Lina Garcia Groshar, David Mahmood, Umar Blaszkowsky, Lawrence S. Ryan, David P. Clark, Jeffrey W. Wo, Jennifer Hong, Theodore S. Kunitake, Hiroko Bordeianou, Liliana Berger, David Ricciardi, Rocco Rosen, Bruce |
| description | Purpose
The role of positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) in evaluating the local extent of rectal cancer remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of PET/MR versus magnetic resonance (MR) in clinically staging rectal cancer.
Methods
This retrospective two-center cohort study of 62 patients with untreated rectal cancer investigated the possible role of baseline staging PET/MR versus stand-alone MR in determination of clinical stage. Two readers reviewed T and N stage, mesorectal fascia involvement, tumor length, distance from the anal verge, sphincter involvement, and extramural vascular invasion (EMVI). Sigmoidoscopy, digital rectal examination, and follow-up imaging, along with surgery when available, served as the reference standard.
Results
PET/MR outperformed MR in evaluating tumor size (42.5 ± 21.03 mm per the reference standard, 54 ± 20.45 mm by stand-alone MR, and 44 ± 20 mm by PET/MR,
P
= 0.004), and in identifying N status (correct by MR in 36/62 patients [58%] and by PET/MR in 49/62 cases [79%];
P
= 0.02) and external sphincter infiltration (correct by MR in 6/10 and by PET/MR in 9/10;
P
= 0.003). No statistically significant differences were observed in relation to any other features.
Conclusion
PET/MR provides a more precise assessment of the local extent of rectal cancers in evaluating cancer length, N status, and external sphincter involvement. PET/MR offers the opportunity to improve clinical decision-making, especially when evaluating low rectal tumors with possible external sphincter involvement. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00259-020-05036-x |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2449960958</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2449960958</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-45fb29fc70cf9efce1d5ab2422b89ed678cfbedfe7bc4742d871f6d1de052a233</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kE1Lw0AQhhdRbK3-AQ8S8OIldnY3m816k1K1UFGknpdkM1tT0qTupqX-e9MPK3jwNAPzzDvDQ8glhVsKIPsegAkVAoMQBPA4XB-RLo2pCiUk6vjQS-iQM-9nADRhiTolHc6BR7HkXTIczReuXhXVNPBNOt3U2gYOTZOWgUkrgy4oqqD5wGCB5arwd9ve1SVuwNfhpP_8NjonJzYtPV7sa4-8Pwwng6dw_PI4GtyPQ8OlaMJI2IwpayQYq9AapLlIMxYxliUK81gmxmaYW5SZiWTE8kRSG-c0RxAsZZz3yM0ut_35c4m-0fPCGyzLtMJ66TWLIqViUCJp0es_6Kxeuqr9TjNBqZCJBNZSbEcZV3vv0OqFK-ap-9IU9Eay3knWrWS9lazX7dLVPnqZzTE_rPxYbQG-A3w7qqbofm__E_sND_yGtg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2511578702</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Improving staging of rectal cancer in the pelvis: the role of PET/MRI</title><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Catalano, Onofrio A. ; Lee, Susanna I. ; Parente, Chiara ; Cauley, Christy ; Furtado, Felipe S. ; Striar, Robin ; Soricelli, Andrea ; Salvatore, Marco ; Li, Yan ; Umutlu, Lale ; Cañamaque, Lina Garcia ; Groshar, David ; Mahmood, Umar ; Blaszkowsky, Lawrence S. ; Ryan, David P. ; Clark, Jeffrey W. ; Wo, Jennifer ; Hong, Theodore S. ; Kunitake, Hiroko ; Bordeianou, Liliana ; Berger, David ; Ricciardi, Rocco ; Rosen, Bruce</creator><creatorcontrib>Catalano, Onofrio A. ; Lee, Susanna I. ; Parente, Chiara ; Cauley, Christy ; Furtado, Felipe S. ; Striar, Robin ; Soricelli, Andrea ; Salvatore, Marco ; Li, Yan ; Umutlu, Lale ; Cañamaque, Lina Garcia ; Groshar, David ; Mahmood, Umar ; Blaszkowsky, Lawrence S. ; Ryan, David P. ; Clark, Jeffrey W. ; Wo, Jennifer ; Hong, Theodore S. ; Kunitake, Hiroko ; Bordeianou, Liliana ; Berger, David ; Ricciardi, Rocco ; Rosen, Bruce</creatorcontrib><description>Purpose
The role of positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) in evaluating the local extent of rectal cancer remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of PET/MR versus magnetic resonance (MR) in clinically staging rectal cancer.
Methods
This retrospective two-center cohort study of 62 patients with untreated rectal cancer investigated the possible role of baseline staging PET/MR versus stand-alone MR in determination of clinical stage. Two readers reviewed T and N stage, mesorectal fascia involvement, tumor length, distance from the anal verge, sphincter involvement, and extramural vascular invasion (EMVI). Sigmoidoscopy, digital rectal examination, and follow-up imaging, along with surgery when available, served as the reference standard.
Results
PET/MR outperformed MR in evaluating tumor size (42.5 ± 21.03 mm per the reference standard, 54 ± 20.45 mm by stand-alone MR, and 44 ± 20 mm by PET/MR,
P
= 0.004), and in identifying N status (correct by MR in 36/62 patients [58%] and by PET/MR in 49/62 cases [79%];
P
= 0.02) and external sphincter infiltration (correct by MR in 6/10 and by PET/MR in 9/10;
P
= 0.003). No statistically significant differences were observed in relation to any other features.
Conclusion
PET/MR provides a more precise assessment of the local extent of rectal cancers in evaluating cancer length, N status, and external sphincter involvement. PET/MR offers the opportunity to improve clinical decision-making, especially when evaluating low rectal tumors with possible external sphincter involvement.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1619-7070</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1619-7089</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-05036-x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33034673</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Cancer ; Cardiology ; Clinical decision making ; Colorectal cancer ; Decision making ; Digital imaging ; Emission analysis ; Evaluation ; Fascia ; Imaging ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Metastases ; Nuclear Medicine ; Oncology ; Oncology – Digestive tract ; Original Article ; Orthopedics ; Patients ; Pelvis ; Positron emission ; Positron emission tomography ; Radiology ; Rectum ; Sigmoidoscopy ; Sphincter ; Statistical analysis ; Surgery ; Tomography ; Tumors</subject><ispartof>European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 2021-04, Vol.48 (4), p.1235-1245</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-45fb29fc70cf9efce1d5ab2422b89ed678cfbedfe7bc4742d871f6d1de052a233</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-45fb29fc70cf9efce1d5ab2422b89ed678cfbedfe7bc4742d871f6d1de052a233</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7733-4138</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00259-020-05036-x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00259-020-05036-x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33034673$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Catalano, Onofrio A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Susanna I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parente, Chiara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cauley, Christy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Furtado, Felipe S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Striar, Robin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Soricelli, Andrea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salvatore, Marco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Umutlu, Lale</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cañamaque, Lina Garcia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Groshar, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mahmood, Umar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blaszkowsky, Lawrence S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ryan, David P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clark, Jeffrey W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wo, Jennifer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hong, Theodore S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kunitake, Hiroko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bordeianou, Liliana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Berger, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ricciardi, Rocco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosen, Bruce</creatorcontrib><title>Improving staging of rectal cancer in the pelvis: the role of PET/MRI</title><title>European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging</title><addtitle>Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging</addtitle><addtitle>Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging</addtitle><description>Purpose
The role of positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) in evaluating the local extent of rectal cancer remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of PET/MR versus magnetic resonance (MR) in clinically staging rectal cancer.
Methods
This retrospective two-center cohort study of 62 patients with untreated rectal cancer investigated the possible role of baseline staging PET/MR versus stand-alone MR in determination of clinical stage. Two readers reviewed T and N stage, mesorectal fascia involvement, tumor length, distance from the anal verge, sphincter involvement, and extramural vascular invasion (EMVI). Sigmoidoscopy, digital rectal examination, and follow-up imaging, along with surgery when available, served as the reference standard.
Results
PET/MR outperformed MR in evaluating tumor size (42.5 ± 21.03 mm per the reference standard, 54 ± 20.45 mm by stand-alone MR, and 44 ± 20 mm by PET/MR,
P
= 0.004), and in identifying N status (correct by MR in 36/62 patients [58%] and by PET/MR in 49/62 cases [79%];
P
= 0.02) and external sphincter infiltration (correct by MR in 6/10 and by PET/MR in 9/10;
P
= 0.003). No statistically significant differences were observed in relation to any other features.
Conclusion
PET/MR provides a more precise assessment of the local extent of rectal cancers in evaluating cancer length, N status, and external sphincter involvement. PET/MR offers the opportunity to improve clinical decision-making, especially when evaluating low rectal tumors with possible external sphincter involvement.</description><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Cardiology</subject><subject>Clinical decision making</subject><subject>Colorectal cancer</subject><subject>Decision making</subject><subject>Digital imaging</subject><subject>Emission analysis</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Fascia</subject><subject>Imaging</subject><subject>Magnetic resonance imaging</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Metastases</subject><subject>Nuclear Medicine</subject><subject>Oncology</subject><subject>Oncology – Digestive tract</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Orthopedics</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Pelvis</subject><subject>Positron emission</subject><subject>Positron emission tomography</subject><subject>Radiology</subject><subject>Rectum</subject><subject>Sigmoidoscopy</subject><subject>Sphincter</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Surgery</subject><subject>Tomography</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><issn>1619-7070</issn><issn>1619-7089</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1Lw0AQhhdRbK3-AQ8S8OIldnY3m816k1K1UFGknpdkM1tT0qTupqX-e9MPK3jwNAPzzDvDQ8glhVsKIPsegAkVAoMQBPA4XB-RLo2pCiUk6vjQS-iQM-9nADRhiTolHc6BR7HkXTIczReuXhXVNPBNOt3U2gYOTZOWgUkrgy4oqqD5wGCB5arwd9ve1SVuwNfhpP_8NjonJzYtPV7sa4-8Pwwng6dw_PI4GtyPQ8OlaMJI2IwpayQYq9AapLlIMxYxliUK81gmxmaYW5SZiWTE8kRSG-c0RxAsZZz3yM0ut_35c4m-0fPCGyzLtMJ66TWLIqViUCJp0es_6Kxeuqr9TjNBqZCJBNZSbEcZV3vv0OqFK-ap-9IU9Eay3knWrWS9lazX7dLVPnqZzTE_rPxYbQG-A3w7qqbofm__E_sND_yGtg</recordid><startdate>20210401</startdate><enddate>20210401</enddate><creator>Catalano, Onofrio A.</creator><creator>Lee, Susanna I.</creator><creator>Parente, Chiara</creator><creator>Cauley, Christy</creator><creator>Furtado, Felipe S.</creator><creator>Striar, Robin</creator><creator>Soricelli, Andrea</creator><creator>Salvatore, Marco</creator><creator>Li, Yan</creator><creator>Umutlu, Lale</creator><creator>Cañamaque, Lina Garcia</creator><creator>Groshar, David</creator><creator>Mahmood, Umar</creator><creator>Blaszkowsky, Lawrence S.</creator><creator>Ryan, David P.</creator><creator>Clark, Jeffrey W.</creator><creator>Wo, Jennifer</creator><creator>Hong, Theodore S.</creator><creator>Kunitake, Hiroko</creator><creator>Bordeianou, Liliana</creator><creator>Berger, David</creator><creator>Ricciardi, Rocco</creator><creator>Rosen, Bruce</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7733-4138</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210401</creationdate><title>Improving staging of rectal cancer in the pelvis: the role of PET/MRI</title><author>Catalano, Onofrio A. ; Lee, Susanna I. ; Parente, Chiara ; Cauley, Christy ; Furtado, Felipe S. ; Striar, Robin ; Soricelli, Andrea ; Salvatore, Marco ; Li, Yan ; Umutlu, Lale ; Cañamaque, Lina Garcia ; Groshar, David ; Mahmood, Umar ; Blaszkowsky, Lawrence S. ; Ryan, David P. ; Clark, Jeffrey W. ; Wo, Jennifer ; Hong, Theodore S. ; Kunitake, Hiroko ; Bordeianou, Liliana ; Berger, David ; Ricciardi, Rocco ; Rosen, Bruce</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-45fb29fc70cf9efce1d5ab2422b89ed678cfbedfe7bc4742d871f6d1de052a233</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Cardiology</topic><topic>Clinical decision making</topic><topic>Colorectal cancer</topic><topic>Decision making</topic><topic>Digital imaging</topic><topic>Emission analysis</topic><topic>Evaluation</topic><topic>Fascia</topic><topic>Imaging</topic><topic>Magnetic resonance imaging</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Metastases</topic><topic>Nuclear Medicine</topic><topic>Oncology</topic><topic>Oncology – Digestive tract</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Orthopedics</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Pelvis</topic><topic>Positron emission</topic><topic>Positron emission tomography</topic><topic>Radiology</topic><topic>Rectum</topic><topic>Sigmoidoscopy</topic><topic>Sphincter</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Surgery</topic><topic>Tomography</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Catalano, Onofrio A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Susanna I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parente, Chiara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cauley, Christy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Furtado, Felipe S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Striar, Robin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Soricelli, Andrea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salvatore, Marco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Umutlu, Lale</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cañamaque, Lina Garcia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Groshar, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mahmood, Umar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blaszkowsky, Lawrence S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ryan, David P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clark, Jeffrey W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wo, Jennifer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hong, Theodore S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kunitake, Hiroko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bordeianou, Liliana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Berger, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ricciardi, Rocco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosen, Bruce</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central 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Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Catalano, Onofrio A.</au><au>Lee, Susanna I.</au><au>Parente, Chiara</au><au>Cauley, Christy</au><au>Furtado, Felipe S.</au><au>Striar, Robin</au><au>Soricelli, Andrea</au><au>Salvatore, Marco</au><au>Li, Yan</au><au>Umutlu, Lale</au><au>Cañamaque, Lina Garcia</au><au>Groshar, David</au><au>Mahmood, Umar</au><au>Blaszkowsky, Lawrence S.</au><au>Ryan, David P.</au><au>Clark, Jeffrey W.</au><au>Wo, Jennifer</au><au>Hong, Theodore S.</au><au>Kunitake, Hiroko</au><au>Bordeianou, Liliana</au><au>Berger, David</au><au>Ricciardi, Rocco</au><au>Rosen, Bruce</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Improving staging of rectal cancer in the pelvis: the role of PET/MRI</atitle><jtitle>European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging</jtitle><stitle>Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging</stitle><addtitle>Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging</addtitle><date>2021-04-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>48</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1235</spage><epage>1245</epage><pages>1235-1245</pages><issn>1619-7070</issn><eissn>1619-7089</eissn><abstract>Purpose
The role of positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) in evaluating the local extent of rectal cancer remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of PET/MR versus magnetic resonance (MR) in clinically staging rectal cancer.
Methods
This retrospective two-center cohort study of 62 patients with untreated rectal cancer investigated the possible role of baseline staging PET/MR versus stand-alone MR in determination of clinical stage. Two readers reviewed T and N stage, mesorectal fascia involvement, tumor length, distance from the anal verge, sphincter involvement, and extramural vascular invasion (EMVI). Sigmoidoscopy, digital rectal examination, and follow-up imaging, along with surgery when available, served as the reference standard.
Results
PET/MR outperformed MR in evaluating tumor size (42.5 ± 21.03 mm per the reference standard, 54 ± 20.45 mm by stand-alone MR, and 44 ± 20 mm by PET/MR,
P
= 0.004), and in identifying N status (correct by MR in 36/62 patients [58%] and by PET/MR in 49/62 cases [79%];
P
= 0.02) and external sphincter infiltration (correct by MR in 6/10 and by PET/MR in 9/10;
P
= 0.003). No statistically significant differences were observed in relation to any other features.
Conclusion
PET/MR provides a more precise assessment of the local extent of rectal cancers in evaluating cancer length, N status, and external sphincter involvement. PET/MR offers the opportunity to improve clinical decision-making, especially when evaluating low rectal tumors with possible external sphincter involvement.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>33034673</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00259-020-05036-x</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7733-4138</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 2021-04, Vol.48 (4), p.1235-1245 |
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| source | SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Cancer Cardiology Clinical decision making Colorectal cancer Decision making Digital imaging Emission analysis Evaluation Fascia Imaging Magnetic resonance imaging Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metastases Nuclear Medicine Oncology Oncology – Digestive tract Original Article Orthopedics Patients Pelvis Positron emission Positron emission tomography Radiology Rectum Sigmoidoscopy Sphincter Statistical analysis Surgery Tomography Tumors |
| title | Improving staging of rectal cancer in the pelvis: the role of PET/MRI |
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