Long noncoding RNA AANCR modulates innate antiviral responses by blocking miR-210-dependent MITA downregulation in teleost fish, Miichthys miiuy

Viral infection induces the initiation of antiviral effectors and cytokines which are critical mediators of innate antiviral responses. The critical molecular determinants are responsible for triggering an appropriate immune response. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as new gene modulators involved in various biological processes, while how lncRNAs operate in lower vertebrates are still unknown. Here, we discover a long noncoding RNA, termed antiviral-associated long noncoding RNA (AANCR), as a novel regulator for innate antiviral responses in teleost fish. The results indicate that fish MITA plays an essential role in host antiviral responses and inhibition of Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV) production. miR-210 reduces MITA expression and suppress MITA-mediated antiviral responses, which may help viruses evade host antiviral responses. Further, AANCR functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-210 to control protein abundance of MITA, thereby inhibiting SCRV replication and promoting antiviral responses. Our data not only shed new light on understanding the function role of lncRNA in biological processes in teleost fish, but confirmed the hypothesis that ceRNA networks exist widely in vertebrates.