Rapid sequence modification in the highly polymorphic region (HPR) of the hemagglutinin gene of the infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) suggests intra‐segmental template switching recombination
The ISAV has a genome composed of eight segments of (–)ssRNA, segment 6 codes for the hemagglutinin–esterase protein, and has the most variable region of the genome, the highly polymorphic region (HPR), which is unique among orthomyxoviruses. The HPR has been associated with virulence, infectivity a...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of fish diseases 2020-12, Vol.43 (12), p.1483-1496 |
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| creator | Cárdenas, Matías Galleguillos, Claudia Acevedo, Karina Ananias, Catarina Alarcón, Javiera Michelson, Sofía Toledo, Jorge Montoya, Margarita Meneses, Claudio Castro‐Nallar, Eduardo Vásquez‐Martínez, Yesseny Cortez‐San Martin, Marcelo |
| description | The ISAV has a genome composed of eight segments of (–)ssRNA, segment 6 codes for the hemagglutinin–esterase protein, and has the most variable region of the genome, the highly polymorphic region (HPR), which is unique among orthomyxoviruses. The HPR has been associated with virulence, infectivity and pathogenicity. The full length of the HPR is called HPR0 and the strain with this HPR is avirulent, in contrast to strains with deleted HPR that are virulent to varying degrees. The molecular mechanism that gives rise to the different HPRs remains unclear. Here, we studied in vitro the evolution of reassortant recombinant ISAV (rISAV) in Atlantic salmon head kidney (ASK) cells. To this end, we rescued and cultivated a set of rISAV with different segment 6‐HPR genotypes using a reverse genetics system and then sequencing HPR regions of the viruses. Our results show rapid multiple recombination events in ISAV, with sequence insertions and deletions in the HPR, indicating a dynamic process. Inserted sequences can be found in four segments of the ISAV genome (segments 1, 5, 6, and 8). The results suggest intra‐segmental heterologous recombination, probably by class I and class II template switching, similar to the proposed segment 5 recombination mechanism. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/jfd.13242 |
| format | Article |
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The HPR has been associated with virulence, infectivity and pathogenicity. The full length of the HPR is called HPR0 and the strain with this HPR is avirulent, in contrast to strains with deleted HPR that are virulent to varying degrees. The molecular mechanism that gives rise to the different HPRs remains unclear. Here, we studied in vitro the evolution of reassortant recombinant ISAV (rISAV) in Atlantic salmon head kidney (ASK) cells. To this end, we rescued and cultivated a set of rISAV with different segment 6‐HPR genotypes using a reverse genetics system and then sequencing HPR regions of the viruses. Our results show rapid multiple recombination events in ISAV, with sequence insertions and deletions in the HPR, indicating a dynamic process. Inserted sequences can be found in four segments of the ISAV genome (segments 1, 5, 6, and 8). The results suggest intra‐segmental heterologous recombination, probably by class I and class II template switching, similar to the proposed segment 5 recombination mechanism.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0140-7775</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2761</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13242</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32955147</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Anaemia ; Anemia ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Esterase ; Esterases ; Fish Diseases - virology ; Freshwater fishes ; Genetics ; Genomes ; Genotype ; Genotypes ; Hemagglutinins ; Hemagglutinins, Viral - genetics ; Infectivity ; ISAV ; Isavirus - genetics ; Isavirus - pathogenicity ; Kidneys ; Marine fishes ; Microbiological strains ; Nucleotide sequence ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections - virology ; Pathogenicity ; Pathogens ; recombinant virus ; Recombinants ; Recombination ; Recombination, Genetic ; Salmo salar ; Salmon ; salmonid pathogen ; Segments ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequencing ; Switching ; Variable region ; Viral Fusion Proteins - genetics ; Virulence ; Virulence - genetics ; Viruses</subject><ispartof>Journal of fish diseases, 2020-12, Vol.43 (12), p.1483-1496</ispartof><rights>2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd</rights><rights>2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3532-4686a16bf39507b57c80e60c2933e4dddb69fde1f1fa3a4e3d0d77f5e0acb6d03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3532-4686a16bf39507b57c80e60c2933e4dddb69fde1f1fa3a4e3d0d77f5e0acb6d03</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6452-8950 ; 0000-0002-2699-2349 ; 0000-0002-6268-1118 ; 0000-0003-4384-8661 ; 0000-0002-9879-7710 ; 0000-0001-7185-4909 ; 0000-0003-3482-1897 ; 0000-0002-4184-9815 ; 0000-0001-8247-3669 ; 0000-0001-9586-6058</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fjfd.13242$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fjfd.13242$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32955147$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Cárdenas, Matías</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Galleguillos, Claudia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Acevedo, Karina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ananias, Catarina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alarcón, Javiera</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michelson, Sofía</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toledo, Jorge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Montoya, Margarita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meneses, Claudio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Castro‐Nallar, Eduardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vásquez‐Martínez, Yesseny</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cortez‐San Martin, Marcelo</creatorcontrib><title>Rapid sequence modification in the highly polymorphic region (HPR) of the hemagglutinin gene of the infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) suggests intra‐segmental template switching recombination</title><title>Journal of fish diseases</title><addtitle>J Fish Dis</addtitle><description>The ISAV has a genome composed of eight segments of (–)ssRNA, segment 6 codes for the hemagglutinin–esterase protein, and has the most variable region of the genome, the highly polymorphic region (HPR), which is unique among orthomyxoviruses. The HPR has been associated with virulence, infectivity and pathogenicity. The full length of the HPR is called HPR0 and the strain with this HPR is avirulent, in contrast to strains with deleted HPR that are virulent to varying degrees. The molecular mechanism that gives rise to the different HPRs remains unclear. Here, we studied in vitro the evolution of reassortant recombinant ISAV (rISAV) in Atlantic salmon head kidney (ASK) cells. To this end, we rescued and cultivated a set of rISAV with different segment 6‐HPR genotypes using a reverse genetics system and then sequencing HPR regions of the viruses. Our results show rapid multiple recombination events in ISAV, with sequence insertions and deletions in the HPR, indicating a dynamic process. Inserted sequences can be found in four segments of the ISAV genome (segments 1, 5, 6, and 8). The results suggest intra‐segmental heterologous recombination, probably by class I and class II template switching, similar to the proposed segment 5 recombination mechanism.</description><subject>Anaemia</subject><subject>Anemia</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Cell Line</subject><subject>Esterase</subject><subject>Esterases</subject><subject>Fish Diseases - virology</subject><subject>Freshwater fishes</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>Genotypes</subject><subject>Hemagglutinins</subject><subject>Hemagglutinins, Viral - genetics</subject><subject>Infectivity</subject><subject>ISAV</subject><subject>Isavirus - genetics</subject><subject>Isavirus - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Kidneys</subject><subject>Marine fishes</subject><subject>Microbiological strains</subject><subject>Nucleotide sequence</subject><subject>Orthomyxoviridae</subject><subject>Orthomyxoviridae Infections - virology</subject><subject>Pathogenicity</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>recombinant virus</subject><subject>Recombinants</subject><subject>Recombination</subject><subject>Recombination, Genetic</subject><subject>Salmo salar</subject><subject>Salmon</subject><subject>salmonid pathogen</subject><subject>Segments</subject><subject>Sequence Analysis, DNA</subject><subject>Sequencing</subject><subject>Switching</subject><subject>Variable region</subject><subject>Viral Fusion Proteins - 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virology</topic><topic>Freshwater fishes</topic><topic>Genetics</topic><topic>Genomes</topic><topic>Genotype</topic><topic>Genotypes</topic><topic>Hemagglutinins</topic><topic>Hemagglutinins, Viral - genetics</topic><topic>Infectivity</topic><topic>ISAV</topic><topic>Isavirus - genetics</topic><topic>Isavirus - pathogenicity</topic><topic>Kidneys</topic><topic>Marine fishes</topic><topic>Microbiological strains</topic><topic>Nucleotide sequence</topic><topic>Orthomyxoviridae</topic><topic>Orthomyxoviridae Infections - virology</topic><topic>Pathogenicity</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>recombinant virus</topic><topic>Recombinants</topic><topic>Recombination</topic><topic>Recombination, Genetic</topic><topic>Salmo salar</topic><topic>Salmon</topic><topic>salmonid pathogen</topic><topic>Segments</topic><topic>Sequence Analysis, DNA</topic><topic>Sequencing</topic><topic>Switching</topic><topic>Variable region</topic><topic>Viral Fusion Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Virulence</topic><topic>Virulence - 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The HPR has been associated with virulence, infectivity and pathogenicity. The full length of the HPR is called HPR0 and the strain with this HPR is avirulent, in contrast to strains with deleted HPR that are virulent to varying degrees. The molecular mechanism that gives rise to the different HPRs remains unclear. Here, we studied in vitro the evolution of reassortant recombinant ISAV (rISAV) in Atlantic salmon head kidney (ASK) cells. To this end, we rescued and cultivated a set of rISAV with different segment 6‐HPR genotypes using a reverse genetics system and then sequencing HPR regions of the viruses. Our results show rapid multiple recombination events in ISAV, with sequence insertions and deletions in the HPR, indicating a dynamic process. Inserted sequences can be found in four segments of the ISAV genome (segments 1, 5, 6, and 8). The results suggest intra‐segmental heterologous recombination, probably by class I and class II template switching, similar to the proposed segment 5 recombination mechanism.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>32955147</pmid><doi>10.1111/jfd.13242</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6452-8950</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-2349</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-1118</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4384-8661</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9879-7710</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7185-4909</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3482-1897</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4184-9815</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8247-3669</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9586-6058</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Anaemia Anemia Animals Cell Line Esterase Esterases Fish Diseases - virology Freshwater fishes Genetics Genomes Genotype Genotypes Hemagglutinins Hemagglutinins, Viral - genetics Infectivity ISAV Isavirus - genetics Isavirus - pathogenicity Kidneys Marine fishes Microbiological strains Nucleotide sequence Orthomyxoviridae Orthomyxoviridae Infections - virology Pathogenicity Pathogens recombinant virus Recombinants Recombination Recombination, Genetic Salmo salar Salmon salmonid pathogen Segments Sequence Analysis, DNA Sequencing Switching Variable region Viral Fusion Proteins - genetics Virulence Virulence - genetics Viruses |
| title | Rapid sequence modification in the highly polymorphic region (HPR) of the hemagglutinin gene of the infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) suggests intra‐segmental template switching recombination |
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