Biogenesis of circular RNAs and their role in cellular and molecular phenotypes of neurological disorders

Circular RNA (circRNA) is an unusual class of RNA-like structures composed by exonic and/or intronic sequences that are regulated by the backsplicing mechanism and by the spliceosome-mediated machinery. These circular transcripts tend to accumulate during aging in several human tissues, especially i...

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Veröffentlicht in:Seminars in cell & developmental biology 2021-06, Vol.114, p.1-10
Hauptverfasser: Guerra, BS, Lima, J, Araujo, BHS, Torres, LB, Santos, JCC, Machado, DJS, Cunha, EBB, Serrato, JA, de Souza, JS, Martins, JV, Scalabrin, EE, Herai, RH
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container_title Seminars in cell & developmental biology
container_volume 114
creator Guerra, BS
Lima, J
Araujo, BHS
Torres, LB
Santos, JCC
Machado, DJS
Cunha, EBB
Serrato, JA
de Souza, JS
Martins, JV
Scalabrin, EE
Herai, RH
description Circular RNA (circRNA) is an unusual class of RNA-like structures composed by exonic and/or intronic sequences that are regulated by the backsplicing mechanism and by the spliceosome-mediated machinery. These circular transcripts tend to accumulate during aging in several human tissues, especially in the mammalian brain, and their expression is correlated with the occurrence of several human pathologies, including a broad spectrum of neurological disorders. Previous findings have also shown that circRNAs are significantly present in the neuronal tissue and are up-regulated during neurogenesis, with a significant number been derived from neural genes, suggesting these circular molecules are involved in the cellular and molecular phenotype of our brain. However, the complete biogenesis, the many types of circRNA molecules, and their involvement with neuronal phenotype and with the occurrence of pathologies are still a challenging avenue for researchers. In this updated review, we discuss the current findings of the biogenesis and the diversity of cirRNAs and their molecular involvement in neurological tissue phenotype. We also discuss how some circRNAs can act as sponge molecules, regulating the activity of microRNA expression over gene translation. Finally, we also show the correlation of altered circRNA expression in neurological disorders.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.08.003
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subjects backsplicing
circRNA biogenesis
Humans
Nervous System Diseases - physiopathology
neurological disorders
Organelle Biogenesis
Phenotype
RNA, Circular - metabolism
title Biogenesis of circular RNAs and their role in cellular and molecular phenotypes of neurological disorders
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