Migratory cues controlling B‐lymphocyte trafficking in human lymph nodes

B‐cell migration within lymph nodes (LNs) is crucial to adaptive immune responses. Chemotactic gradients are proposed to drive migration of B cells into follicles, followed by their relocation to specific zones of the follicle during activation, and ultimately egress. However, the molecular drivers...

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Veröffentlicht in:Immunology and cell biology 2021-01, Vol.99 (1), p.49-64
Hauptverfasser: Park, Saem Mul, Brooks, Anna ES, Chen, Chun‐Jen J, Sheppard, Hilary M, Loef, Evert Jan, McIntosh, Julie D, Angel, Catherine E, Mansell, Claudia J, Bartlett, Adam, Cebon, Jonathan, Birch, Nigel P, Dunbar, P Rod
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container_end_page 64
container_issue 1
container_start_page 49
container_title Immunology and cell biology
container_volume 99
creator Park, Saem Mul
Brooks, Anna ES
Chen, Chun‐Jen J
Sheppard, Hilary M
Loef, Evert Jan
McIntosh, Julie D
Angel, Catherine E
Mansell, Claudia J
Bartlett, Adam
Cebon, Jonathan
Birch, Nigel P
Dunbar, P Rod
description B‐cell migration within lymph nodes (LNs) is crucial to adaptive immune responses. Chemotactic gradients are proposed to drive migration of B cells into follicles, followed by their relocation to specific zones of the follicle during activation, and ultimately egress. However, the molecular drivers of these processes and the cells generating chemotactic signals that affect B cells in human LNs are not well understood. We used immunofluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and functional assays to study molecular mechanisms of B‐cell migration within human LNs, and found subtle but important differences to previous murine models. In human LNs we find CXCL13 is prominently expressed at the follicular edge, often associated with fibroblastic reticular cells located in these areas, whereas follicular dendritic cells show minimal contribution to CXCL13 expression. Human B cells rapidly downregulate CXCR5 on encountering CXCL13, but recover CXCR5 expression in the CXCL13‐low environment. These data suggest that the CXCL13 gradient in human LNs is likely to be different from that proposed in mice. We also identify CD68+CD11c+PU.1+ tingible body macrophages within both primary and secondary follicles as likely drivers of the sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) gradient that mediates B‐cell egress from LNs, through their expression of the S1P‐degrading enzyme, S1P lyase. Based on our findings, we present a model of B‐cell migration within human LNs, which has both similarities and interesting differences to that proposed for mice. Our study shows that in human lymph nodes (LNs) CXCR5 expression by B cells is dynamically regulated. Our data suggest that the migration of B cells into different LN areas is associated with changes in CXCR5 expression, whether during migration of naïve B cells from the high endothelial venules into the perifollicular regions, during localization to primary follicles, during egress via cortical sinuses or during activation and subsequent differentiation processes.
doi_str_mv 10.1111/imcb.12386
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Chemotactic gradients are proposed to drive migration of B cells into follicles, followed by their relocation to specific zones of the follicle during activation, and ultimately egress. However, the molecular drivers of these processes and the cells generating chemotactic signals that affect B cells in human LNs are not well understood. We used immunofluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and functional assays to study molecular mechanisms of B‐cell migration within human LNs, and found subtle but important differences to previous murine models. In human LNs we find CXCL13 is prominently expressed at the follicular edge, often associated with fibroblastic reticular cells located in these areas, whereas follicular dendritic cells show minimal contribution to CXCL13 expression. Human B cells rapidly downregulate CXCR5 on encountering CXCL13, but recover CXCR5 expression in the CXCL13‐low environment. These data suggest that the CXCL13 gradient in human LNs is likely to be different from that proposed in mice. We also identify CD68+CD11c+PU.1+ tingible body macrophages within both primary and secondary follicles as likely drivers of the sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) gradient that mediates B‐cell egress from LNs, through their expression of the S1P‐degrading enzyme, S1P lyase. Based on our findings, we present a model of B‐cell migration within human LNs, which has both similarities and interesting differences to that proposed for mice. Our study shows that in human lymph nodes (LNs) CXCR5 expression by B cells is dynamically regulated. Our data suggest that the migration of B cells into different LN areas is associated with changes in CXCR5 expression, whether during migration of naïve B cells from the high endothelial venules into the perifollicular regions, during localization to primary follicles, during egress via cortical sinuses or during activation and subsequent differentiation processes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0818-9641</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1440-1711</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12386</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32740978</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Blackwell Science Ltd</publisher><subject>Adaptive immunity ; Animal models ; B‐cell egress ; B‐cell migration ; CD11c antigen ; Cell adhesion &amp; migration ; CXCL13 ; CXCL13 protein ; CXCR5 ; CXCR5 protein ; Dendritic cells ; fibroblastic reticular cells ; Flow cytometry ; Follicles ; human lymph node ; Immunofluorescence ; Leukocyte migration ; Lymph nodes ; Lymphatic system ; Lymphocytes B ; Macrophages ; Molecular modelling ; PU.1 protein ; S1P lyase ; sphingosine‐1‐phosphate ; Spleen</subject><ispartof>Immunology and cell biology, 2021-01, Vol.99 (1), p.49-64</ispartof><rights>2020 Australian and New Zealand Society for Immunology Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Australian and New Zealand Society for Immunology Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3576-a290e795e5f5904fa05bd4a99fa8a5d6c64663de7033e37a9c4c7db5b95d0f773</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3576-a290e795e5f5904fa05bd4a99fa8a5d6c64663de7033e37a9c4c7db5b95d0f773</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0999-0245 ; 0000-0003-3551-6982</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fimcb.12386$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fimcb.12386$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32740978$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Park, Saem Mul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brooks, Anna ES</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Chun‐Jen J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sheppard, Hilary M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loef, Evert Jan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McIntosh, Julie D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Angel, Catherine E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mansell, Claudia J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bartlett, Adam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cebon, Jonathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Birch, Nigel P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dunbar, P Rod</creatorcontrib><title>Migratory cues controlling B‐lymphocyte trafficking in human lymph nodes</title><title>Immunology and cell biology</title><addtitle>Immunol Cell Biol</addtitle><description>B‐cell migration within lymph nodes (LNs) is crucial to adaptive immune responses. 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Brooks, Anna ES ; Chen, Chun‐Jen J ; Sheppard, Hilary M ; Loef, Evert Jan ; McIntosh, Julie D ; Angel, Catherine E ; Mansell, Claudia J ; Bartlett, Adam ; Cebon, Jonathan ; Birch, Nigel P ; Dunbar, P Rod</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3576-a290e795e5f5904fa05bd4a99fa8a5d6c64663de7033e37a9c4c7db5b95d0f773</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adaptive immunity</topic><topic>Animal models</topic><topic>B‐cell egress</topic><topic>B‐cell migration</topic><topic>CD11c antigen</topic><topic>Cell adhesion &amp; migration</topic><topic>CXCL13</topic><topic>CXCL13 protein</topic><topic>CXCR5</topic><topic>CXCR5 protein</topic><topic>Dendritic cells</topic><topic>fibroblastic reticular cells</topic><topic>Flow cytometry</topic><topic>Follicles</topic><topic>human lymph node</topic><topic>Immunofluorescence</topic><topic>Leukocyte migration</topic><topic>Lymph nodes</topic><topic>Lymphatic system</topic><topic>Lymphocytes B</topic><topic>Macrophages</topic><topic>Molecular modelling</topic><topic>PU.1 protein</topic><topic>S1P lyase</topic><topic>sphingosine‐1‐phosphate</topic><topic>Spleen</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Park, Saem Mul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brooks, Anna ES</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Chun‐Jen J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sheppard, Hilary M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loef, Evert Jan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McIntosh, Julie D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Angel, Catherine E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mansell, Claudia J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bartlett, Adam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cebon, Jonathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Birch, Nigel P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dunbar, P Rod</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; 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Chemotactic gradients are proposed to drive migration of B cells into follicles, followed by their relocation to specific zones of the follicle during activation, and ultimately egress. However, the molecular drivers of these processes and the cells generating chemotactic signals that affect B cells in human LNs are not well understood. We used immunofluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and functional assays to study molecular mechanisms of B‐cell migration within human LNs, and found subtle but important differences to previous murine models. In human LNs we find CXCL13 is prominently expressed at the follicular edge, often associated with fibroblastic reticular cells located in these areas, whereas follicular dendritic cells show minimal contribution to CXCL13 expression. Human B cells rapidly downregulate CXCR5 on encountering CXCL13, but recover CXCR5 expression in the CXCL13‐low environment. These data suggest that the CXCL13 gradient in human LNs is likely to be different from that proposed in mice. We also identify CD68+CD11c+PU.1+ tingible body macrophages within both primary and secondary follicles as likely drivers of the sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) gradient that mediates B‐cell egress from LNs, through their expression of the S1P‐degrading enzyme, S1P lyase. Based on our findings, we present a model of B‐cell migration within human LNs, which has both similarities and interesting differences to that proposed for mice. Our study shows that in human lymph nodes (LNs) CXCR5 expression by B cells is dynamically regulated. Our data suggest that the migration of B cells into different LN areas is associated with changes in CXCR5 expression, whether during migration of naïve B cells from the high endothelial venules into the perifollicular regions, during localization to primary follicles, during egress via cortical sinuses or during activation and subsequent differentiation processes.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Blackwell Science Ltd</pub><pmid>32740978</pmid><doi>10.1111/imcb.12386</doi><tpages>17</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0999-0245</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3551-6982</orcidid></addata></record>
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subjects Adaptive immunity
Animal models
B‐cell egress
B‐cell migration
CD11c antigen
Cell adhesion & migration
CXCL13
CXCL13 protein
CXCR5
CXCR5 protein
Dendritic cells
fibroblastic reticular cells
Flow cytometry
Follicles
human lymph node
Immunofluorescence
Leukocyte migration
Lymph nodes
Lymphatic system
Lymphocytes B
Macrophages
Molecular modelling
PU.1 protein
S1P lyase
sphingosine‐1‐phosphate
Spleen
title Migratory cues controlling B‐lymphocyte trafficking in human lymph nodes
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