Characteristics and toxicological effects of commuter exposure to black carbon and metal components of fine particles (PM2.5) in Hong Kong
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated significant associations between traffic-related air pollution and adverse health outcomes. Personal exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) in transport microenvironments and their toxicological properties remain to be investigated. Commuter exposures were inves...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Science of the total environment 2020-11, Vol.742, p.140501-140501, Article 140501 |
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| creator | Chen, Xiao-Cui Cao, Jun-Ji Ward, Tony J. Tian, Lin-Wei Ning, Zhi Gali, Nirmal Kumar Aquilina, Noel J. Yim, Steve Hung-Lam Qu, Linli Ho, Kin-Fai |
| description | Epidemiological studies have demonstrated significant associations between traffic-related air pollution and adverse health outcomes. Personal exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) in transport microenvironments and their toxicological properties remain to be investigated. Commuter exposures were investigated in public transport systems (including the buses and Mass Transit Railway (MTR)) along two sampling routes in Hong Kong. Real-time sampling for PM2.5 and black carbon (BC), along with integrated PM2.5 sampling, were performed during the warm and cold season of 2016–2017, respectively. Commuter exposure to BC during 3-hour commuting time exhibited a wider range, from 3.4 to 4.6 μg/m3 on the bus and 5.5 to 8.7 μg/m3 in MTR cabin (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140501 |
| format | Article |
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•Commuter exposure to BC, PM2.5 and their metal components exhibited distinct diurnal patterns.•PM2.5-induced ROS generation displayed diurnal variations with rush hour maximum and non-rush hour minimum.•Higher levels of BC, PM2.5, and metal components along with ROS activity were observed in the MTR system.•Acellular ROS generation was mainly attributed to transition metals (Ti, Zn, Mn, Fe, Co) in PM2.5.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0048-9697</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1026</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140501</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Black carbon ; Commuter exposure ; Cytotoxicity ; Reactive oxygen species (ROS) ; Transition metals</subject><ispartof>The Science of the total environment, 2020-11, Vol.742, p.140501-140501, Article 140501</ispartof><rights>2020 Elsevier B.V.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c414t-a30c0db5a63d6819350efba3c3582bbc7914764628358b518f369696ca630053</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c414t-a30c0db5a63d6819350efba3c3582bbc7914764628358b518f369696ca630053</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8223-1501 ; 0000-0001-7464-3437</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140501$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3536,27903,27904,45974</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chen, Xiao-Cui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cao, Jun-Ji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ward, Tony J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tian, Lin-Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ning, Zhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gali, Nirmal Kumar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aquilina, Noel J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yim, Steve Hung-Lam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qu, Linli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ho, Kin-Fai</creatorcontrib><title>Characteristics and toxicological effects of commuter exposure to black carbon and metal components of fine particles (PM2.5) in Hong Kong</title><title>The Science of the total environment</title><description>Epidemiological studies have demonstrated significant associations between traffic-related air pollution and adverse health outcomes. Personal exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) in transport microenvironments and their toxicological properties remain to be investigated. Commuter exposures were investigated in public transport systems (including the buses and Mass Transit Railway (MTR)) along two sampling routes in Hong Kong. Real-time sampling for PM2.5 and black carbon (BC), along with integrated PM2.5 sampling, were performed during the warm and cold season of 2016–2017, respectively. Commuter exposure to BC during 3-hour commuting time exhibited a wider range, from 3.4 to 4.6 μg/m3 on the bus and 5.5 to 8.7 μg/m3 in MTR cabin (p < .05). PM2.5 mass and major chemical constituents (including organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and metals) were analyzed. Cytotoxicity, including cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, was determined in addition to acellular ROS generation. PM2.5 treatment promoted the ROS generation in a concentration-dependent manner. Consistent diurnal variations were observed for commuter exposure to BC and PM2.5 components, along with cellular and acellular ROS generation, which marked with two peaks during the morning (08:00–11:00) and evening rush hours (17:30–20:30). Commuter exposures in the MTR system were characterized by higher levels of PM2.5 and elemental components (e.g., Ca, Cr, Fe, Zn, Ba) compared to riding the bus, along with higher cellular and acellular ROS production (p < .01). These metals were attributed to different sources: rail tracks, wheels, brakes, and crustal origin. Weak to moderate associations were shown for the analyzed transition metals with PM2.5-induced cell viability and cellular ROS. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that Ni, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ti, and Co attributed to cytotoxicity and ROS generation. These findings underscore the importance of commuter exposures and their toxic effects, urging effective mitigating strategies to protect human health.
[Display omitted]
•Commuter exposure to BC, PM2.5 and their metal components exhibited distinct diurnal patterns.•PM2.5-induced ROS generation displayed diurnal variations with rush hour maximum and non-rush hour minimum.•Higher levels of BC, PM2.5, and metal components along with ROS activity were observed in the MTR system.•Acellular ROS generation was mainly attributed to transition metals (Ti, Zn, Mn, Fe, Co) in PM2.5.</description><subject>Black carbon</subject><subject>Commuter exposure</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Reactive oxygen species (ROS)</subject><subject>Transition metals</subject><issn>0048-9697</issn><issn>1879-1026</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkM9O3DAQhy3USt1u-wz1EQ5ZxvnjJEe0goJK1R64W85ksnhJ7GB70fYV-tR4G8S1c_BIo-8ba36MfROwESDk5X4T0EQXyb5scsjTtIQKxBlbiaZuMwG5_MBWAGWTtbKtP7HPIewhVd2IFfu7fdReYyRvQjQYuLY9j-5o0I1uZ1CPnIaBMAbuBo5umg6J5XScXTh4SijvRo1PHLXvnP2nTxSTltjZWbKLORhLfNY-_TFS4Oe_f-ab6oIby2-d3fEf6fnCPg56DPT1ra_Zw831w_Y2u__1_W57dZ9hKcqY6QIQ-q7SsuhlI9qiAho6XWBRNXnXYd2KspalzJs06CrRDIVMh0tMAkBVrNn5snb27vlAIarJBKRx1JbcIai8zEFUUIgTWi8oeheCp0HN3kza_1EC1Cl8tVfv4atT-GoJP5lXi0npkBdD_sSRReqNT2Gq3pn_7ngFqwOSng</recordid><startdate>20201110</startdate><enddate>20201110</enddate><creator>Chen, Xiao-Cui</creator><creator>Cao, Jun-Ji</creator><creator>Ward, Tony J.</creator><creator>Tian, Lin-Wei</creator><creator>Ning, Zhi</creator><creator>Gali, Nirmal Kumar</creator><creator>Aquilina, Noel J.</creator><creator>Yim, Steve Hung-Lam</creator><creator>Qu, Linli</creator><creator>Ho, Kin-Fai</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8223-1501</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7464-3437</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20201110</creationdate><title>Characteristics and toxicological effects of commuter exposure to black carbon and metal components of fine particles (PM2.5) in Hong Kong</title><author>Chen, Xiao-Cui ; Cao, Jun-Ji ; Ward, Tony J. ; Tian, Lin-Wei ; Ning, Zhi ; Gali, Nirmal Kumar ; Aquilina, Noel J. ; Yim, Steve Hung-Lam ; Qu, Linli ; Ho, Kin-Fai</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c414t-a30c0db5a63d6819350efba3c3582bbc7914764628358b518f369696ca630053</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Black carbon</topic><topic>Commuter exposure</topic><topic>Cytotoxicity</topic><topic>Reactive oxygen species (ROS)</topic><topic>Transition metals</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chen, Xiao-Cui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cao, Jun-Ji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ward, Tony J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tian, Lin-Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ning, Zhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gali, Nirmal Kumar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aquilina, Noel J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yim, Steve Hung-Lam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qu, Linli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ho, Kin-Fai</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The Science of the total environment</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chen, Xiao-Cui</au><au>Cao, Jun-Ji</au><au>Ward, Tony J.</au><au>Tian, Lin-Wei</au><au>Ning, Zhi</au><au>Gali, Nirmal Kumar</au><au>Aquilina, Noel J.</au><au>Yim, Steve Hung-Lam</au><au>Qu, Linli</au><au>Ho, Kin-Fai</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Characteristics and toxicological effects of commuter exposure to black carbon and metal components of fine particles (PM2.5) in Hong Kong</atitle><jtitle>The Science of the total environment</jtitle><date>2020-11-10</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>742</volume><spage>140501</spage><epage>140501</epage><pages>140501-140501</pages><artnum>140501</artnum><issn>0048-9697</issn><eissn>1879-1026</eissn><abstract>Epidemiological studies have demonstrated significant associations between traffic-related air pollution and adverse health outcomes. Personal exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) in transport microenvironments and their toxicological properties remain to be investigated. Commuter exposures were investigated in public transport systems (including the buses and Mass Transit Railway (MTR)) along two sampling routes in Hong Kong. Real-time sampling for PM2.5 and black carbon (BC), along with integrated PM2.5 sampling, were performed during the warm and cold season of 2016–2017, respectively. Commuter exposure to BC during 3-hour commuting time exhibited a wider range, from 3.4 to 4.6 μg/m3 on the bus and 5.5 to 8.7 μg/m3 in MTR cabin (p < .05). PM2.5 mass and major chemical constituents (including organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and metals) were analyzed. Cytotoxicity, including cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, was determined in addition to acellular ROS generation. PM2.5 treatment promoted the ROS generation in a concentration-dependent manner. Consistent diurnal variations were observed for commuter exposure to BC and PM2.5 components, along with cellular and acellular ROS generation, which marked with two peaks during the morning (08:00–11:00) and evening rush hours (17:30–20:30). Commuter exposures in the MTR system were characterized by higher levels of PM2.5 and elemental components (e.g., Ca, Cr, Fe, Zn, Ba) compared to riding the bus, along with higher cellular and acellular ROS production (p < .01). These metals were attributed to different sources: rail tracks, wheels, brakes, and crustal origin. Weak to moderate associations were shown for the analyzed transition metals with PM2.5-induced cell viability and cellular ROS. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that Ni, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ti, and Co attributed to cytotoxicity and ROS generation. These findings underscore the importance of commuter exposures and their toxic effects, urging effective mitigating strategies to protect human health.
[Display omitted]
•Commuter exposure to BC, PM2.5 and their metal components exhibited distinct diurnal patterns.•PM2.5-induced ROS generation displayed diurnal variations with rush hour maximum and non-rush hour minimum.•Higher levels of BC, PM2.5, and metal components along with ROS activity were observed in the MTR system.•Acellular ROS generation was mainly attributed to transition metals (Ti, Zn, Mn, Fe, Co) in PM2.5.</abstract><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140501</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8223-1501</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7464-3437</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| source | Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Black carbon Commuter exposure Cytotoxicity Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Transition metals |
| title | Characteristics and toxicological effects of commuter exposure to black carbon and metal components of fine particles (PM2.5) in Hong Kong |
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